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1.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities ; 10(4): 1669-1681, 2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35767218

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Measurable differences in the experience and treatment of mental health conditions have been found to exist between different racial categories of community groups. The objective of this research was to review the reported mental health of Black African-Caribbean communities in the UK, determinants of mental health, and interventions to enhance their experiences of mental health services. METHOD: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement was applied. To be included, papers must be published in a peer reviewed journal; report on adult populations (over 18) from any of Black African, Black Caribbean or Black mixed people in the UK; and assess (quantitative), or discuss (qualitative) mental health experiences, determinants of mental health, or interventions intended to enhance experiences of mental health services among the target population. The aims, inclusion criteria, data extraction, and data quality evaluation were specified in advance. Searches were conducted using EBSCO (PsychInfo; MEDLINE; CINAHL Plus; psychology and behavioural sciences collection). The search strategy included search terms relating to the aim. Risk of bias was assessed using a standard tool, records were organised using Endnote, and data were extracted and synthesised using Microsoft Excel. RESULTS: Thirty-six studies were included, of which 26 were quantitative and six reported exclusively on Black participants. Black populations were less likely to access mental health support via traditional pathways due to stigma and mistrust of mental health services. Black Africans especially, sought alternative help from community leaders, which increased the likelihood of accessing treatment at the point of crisis or breakdown, which in turn increased risk of being detained under the Mental Health Act and via the criminal justice system. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest a cycle of poor mental health, coercive treatment, stigma, and mistrust of services as experienced by Black communities. Evidence was limited by poorly defined ethnic categories, especially where Black populations were subsumed into one category. It is recommended that mental health services work collaboratively with cultural and faith communities in supporting Black people to cope with mental illness, navigate mental health pathways, and provide culturally appropriate advice. Protocol Registration Number PROSPERO CRD42021261510.


Assuntos
População Negra , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Transtornos Mentais , Saúde Mental , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Adulto , Humanos , População Negra/etnologia , População Negra/psicologia , População Negra/estatística & dados numéricos , Etnicidade/psicologia , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/etnologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Saúde Mental/etnologia , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/etnologia , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , População do Caribe/psicologia , População do Caribe/estatística & dados numéricos , População Africana/psicologia , População Africana/estatística & dados numéricos , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde/etnologia , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
3.
J Telemed Telecare ; 6(4): 222-4, 2000.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11027123

RESUMO

The cost differences between film-based mammography (FBM) and digital mammography (DM) were estimated after discussions with hospital personnel and industry representatives. Human resource costs were not included. The fixed cost of FBM per machine was estimated to be $50,000 and the variable cost $4.60 per examination. The fixed cost of DM per machine was estimated to be $102,000 and the variable cost $0.10 per examination. The total number of examinations required to break even was therefore 11,556. At a rate of 15 examinations per machine per day and with 251 working days per year, it would take 3.1 years to break even. In the first year after the break-even point had been attained, $16,943 would be saved for every 3765 examinations performed. Extrapolating to the USA as a whole, in which 23 million mammographic examinations are performed each year, suggests that the annual savings from going filmless would be more than $103 million.


Assuntos
Mamografia/economia , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica/economia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Custos e Análise de Custo , Feminino , Humanos , Mamografia/métodos , New York
4.
Biophys J ; 79(1): 116-36, 2000 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10866941

RESUMO

Within the context of DNA rings, we analyze the relationship between intrinsic shape and the existence of multiple stable equilibria, either nicked or cyclized with the same link. A simple test, based on a perturbation expansion of symmetry breaking within a continuum elastic rod model, provides good predictions of the occurrence of such multiple equilibria. The reliability of these predictions is verified by direct computation of nicked and cyclized equilibria for several thousand DNA minicircles with lengths of 200 and 900 bp. Furthermore, our computations of equilibria for nicked rings predict properties of the equilibrium distribution of link, as calculated by much more computationally intensive Monte Carlo simulations.


Assuntos
DNA Circular/química , Transferência de Energia , Modelos Químicos , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Simulação por Computador , Elasticidade , Computação Matemática , Método de Monte Carlo , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estatística como Assunto
5.
Science ; 278(5344): 1743-8, 1997 Dec 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9388167

RESUMO

Chemical analyses returned by Mars Pathfinder indicate that some rocks may be high in silica, implying differentiated parent materials. Rounded pebbles and cobbles and a possible conglomerate suggest fluvial processes that imply liquid water in equilibrium with the atmosphere and thus a warmer and wetter past. The moment of inertia indicates a central metallic core of 1300 to 2000 kilometers in radius. Composite airborne dust particles appear magnetized by freeze-dried maghemite stain or cement that may have been leached from crustal materials by an active hydrologic cycle. Remote-sensing data at a scale of generally greater than approximately 1 kilometer and an Earth analog correctly predicted a rocky plain safe for landing and roving with a variety of rocks deposited by catastrophic floods that are relatively dust-free.


Assuntos
Meio Ambiente Extraterreno , Marte , Atmosfera , Sedimentos Geológicos , Magnetismo , Água
7.
J Med Educ ; 56(10): 877, 1981 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7288859
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