RESUMO
Roots of Galianthe thalictroides K. Schum. (Rubiaceae) are used in folk medicine in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, for treating and preventing cancer. To gain information about the genotoxicity of extracts (aqueous and EtOH), the CHCl3 phase resulting from partition of the EtOH extract and the indole monoterpene alkaloid 1 obtained from this plant. The genotoxicity of 1 and extracts was evaluated in vivo through the Drosophila melanogaster wing Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test - SMART, while in vitro cytotoxic (MTT) and Comet assays were performed only with alkaloid 1. The results obtained with the SMART test indicated that the aqueous extract had no genotoxic activity. The EtOH extract was not genotoxic to ST descendants but genotoxic to HB ones. The CHCl3 phase was genotoxic and cytotoxic. Alkaloid 1 showed significant mutational events with SMART, in the cytotoxicity assay (MTT), it showed a high cytotoxicity for human hepatoma cells (HepG2), whereas for the Comet assay, not showing genotoxic activity. The ethanol extract was shown to be genotoxic to HB descendants in the SMART assay, while the results obtained in this test for the monoterpene indole alkaloid 1 isolated from this extract.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/efeitos adversos , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Alcaloides Indólicos/efeitos adversos , Monoterpenos/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Rubiaceae/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Brasil , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaio Cometa , Etnofarmacologia , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Alcaloides Indólicos/química , Alcaloides Indólicos/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides Indólicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Estrutura Molecular , Monoterpenos/química , Monoterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Solubilidade , Solventes/química , Temperatura , Moduladores de Tubulina/efeitos adversos , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Moduladores de Tubulina/isolamento & purificação , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Phenols are a large and diverse class of compounds, many of which occur naturally in a variety of food plants; they exhibit a wide range of biological effects, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, hepatoprotective, antithrombotic, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, and vasodilatory actions. We examined the genotoxic and clastogenic potential of three phenolic compounds: caffeic, cinnamic and ferulic acids, using the comet and micronucleus assays in vitro. Drug-metabolizing rat hepatoma tissue cells (HTCs) were used. Three different concentrations (50, 500 and 1500 µM) of these phenolic acids were tested on the HTCs for 24 h. The caffeic, cinnamic and ferulic acids were not genotoxic by the comet assay (P > 0.05). However, the micronucleus test showed an increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells for the three compounds, indicating that these substances have clastogenic effects in HTC.