Thermography in ergonomic assessment: a study of wood processing industry workers.

Background: Workers in the wood processing industry perform activities that demand great physical and ergonomic demands, which favors the emergence of inflammatory processes and in turn the occurrence of heat regions in the body, thus making it possible to assess the inflammatory level by means of temperature gradients. This study aimed to evaluate the use of thermography as an ergonomic analysis tool to identify regions with musculoskeletal overload in workers in a wood processing industry. Methods: The study was conducted with nine workers in the central-west region of Brazil. The evaluations to obtain the thermographic images were carried out before the beginning of the workday, on Monday (day I) and on Friday (day II), in order to verify the overload regions in the accumulation of days worked. The thermal images were collected in an acclimatized room with controlled conditions where the participants remained with the upper part of their bodies bare for acclimatization, and then the lumbar and scapular regions were evaluated. The images were obtained using the FLUKE TI 400 Thermal Imager, with analysis using the SmartView software program to demarcate the body regions of interest. Results: The mean temperature values obtained on day I did not significantly differ from the mean values obtained on day II. Qualitative analysis showed thermal patterns with high temperature at the same points on both evaluated days. Although the thermographic analysis performed in this study cannot provide definitive results, they generally helped to provide evidence for a more accurate diagnosis in the evaluated workers.

Validity of the Body Adiposity Index in Predicting Body Fat in Adults: A Systematic Review.

The Body Adiposity Index (BAI) is a practical anthropometric method used to measure body fat (BF) percentage (BF%). Recently developed, the validity and precision of BAI has been studied with adult samples of men and women, populations from different countries and ethnicities, varying amounts of BF, and sensitivity to detecting change over time. However, it is still necessary to determine its potential use in clinical practice and epidemiologic studies. Thus, our objective was to verify, through a systematic review, the validity of the BAI in predicting BF% in adults. Two independent researchers performed a search using PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. In order to be included, the studies had to use dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. We excluded studies with samples from individuals with diseases or syndromes that alter the regional distribution of BF%. We included 19 studies with samples on individuals from different continents, varied ethnicities, both sexes, and a wide age range (18-83 y). The concordance of the BAI with DXA assessed by Lin's concordance correlation coefficient showed results classified as poor (pc < 0.90). Bland-Altman plots showed that the BAI produced large individual errors when predicting BF% in all studies using this analysis. The studies were consistent in affirming that the BAI showed limited capacity to estimate BF% in adults. The BAI shows wide individual errors, in agreement with the reference method, and a lack of sensitivity in detecting change in BF% over time. The method presents a systematic error of BF% overestimation in individuals with ≤20% of BF, and underestimation in individuals with >30% of BF, regardless of sex, age, and ethnicity. The results of this systematic review show enough evidence that the BAI does not present satisfying results, and its use is not recommended for BF% determination in adults.

Análise de indicadores de saúde de pacientes com diabetes atendidos pelo Centro Hiperdia de Viçosa / Analysis of health indicators in patients with diabetes treated at Hiperdia Center of Viçosa

A prevalência de diabetes mellitus está sendo considerada uma epidemia global, com 382 milhões de pessoas atualmenteafetadas em todo o mundo e previsão de aumento para 592 milhões para o ano 2035. Atualmente, o Brasil é o quarto paísno mundo em número de diabetes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever as características epidemiológicasde indivíduos com diabetes mellitus atendidos no Centro Hiperdia da cidade de Viçosa-MG, considerando característicassociodemográficos, fatores de risco modificáveis e não modificáveis. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo,documental e de corte transversal. Foram analisados 547 prontuários, sendo 218 inativos e 329 pacientes ativos. Aanálise dos pacientes ativos demonstrou que 51% do número total de pacientes apresentavam diabetes mellitus tipo 2associada à hipertensão. Em relação aos pacientes ativos, 72% apresentavam baixa renda familiar, 74% apresentavambaixa escolaridade, 74%, 78% e 57% apresentavam hipertensão arterial, sobrepeso/obesidade, inatividade física,respectivamente. A presença de dois ou mais antecedentes familiares para doenças coronarianas e metabólicas foiencontrada em 79% dos pacientes. A análise da glicemia de jejum e pós-prandial demonstrou valores inadequados emmais de 50% dos pacientes ativos. Os pacientes com diabetes atendidos pelo Centro Hiperdia de Viçosa apresentaramtanto fatores de risco modificáveis quanto não modificáveis, sendo ambos complicadores para o controle do diabetese de um bom estado de saúde.(AU)

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is being considered a global epidemic, with 382 million people currently affectedworldwide and increase forecast for 592 million for the year 2035. Currently, Brazil is the fourth country in the world innumber of diabetes. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of individuals with diabetes mellitustreated at Hiperdia Center of Viçosa-MG, considering socio demographic, modifiable risk factors and not modifiable.This is a descriptive study, quantitative, documentary and cross-sectional. 547 records were analyzed, 218 retireesand 329 active patients. The analysis of the active patients showed that 51% of the total number of patients had ahigher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with hypertension. In relation to active patients, 72% had lowfamily income, 74% had low education, 74%, 78 % and 57% had high prevalence of hypertension, overweight/obesity,physical inactivity, respectively. The presence of two or more family history of coronary and metabolic diseases wasfound in 79% of patients. The analysis of fasting and postprandial proved inadequate values by more than 50% of theactive patients. Patients with diabetes attended by the Hiperdia Center of Viçosapresented in addition to the diseaseitself, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, both being complicating for diabetes control and a good health.(AU)

Análise de indicadores de saúde de pacientes com diabetes atendidos pelo Centro Hiperdia de Viçosa / Analysis of health indicators in patients with diabetes treated at Hiperdia Center of Viçosa

A prevalência de diabetes mellitus está sendo considerada uma epidemia global, com 382 milhões de pessoas atualmente afetadas em todo o mundo e previsão de aumento para 592 milhões para o ano 2035. Atualmente, o Brasil é o quarto país no mundo em número de diabetes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever as características epidemiológicas de indivíduos com diabetes mellitus atendidos no Centro Hiperdia da cidade de Viçosa-MG, considerando características sociodemográficos, fatores de risco modificáveis e não modificáveis. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo, documental e de corte transversal. Foram analisados 547 prontuários, sendo 218 inativos e 329 pacientes ativos. A análise dos pacientes ativos demonstrou que 51% do número total de pacientes apresentavam diabetes mellitus tipo 2 associada à hipertensão. Em relação aos pacientes ativos, 72% apresentavam baixa renda familiar, 74% apresentavam baixa escolaridade, 74%, 78% e 57% apresentavam hipertensão arterial, sobrepeso/obesidade, inatividade física, respectivamente. A presença de dois ou mais antecedentes familiares para doenças coronarianas e metabólicas foi encontrada em 79% dos pacientes. A análise da glicemia de jejum e pós-prandial demonstrou valores inadequados em mais de 50% dos pacientes ativos. Os pacientes com diabetes atendidos pelo Centro Hiperdia de Viçosa apresentaram tanto fatores de risco modificáveis quanto não modificáveis, sendo ambos complicadores para o controle do diabetes e de um bom estado de saúde.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is being considered a global epidemic, with 382 million people currently affected worldwide and increase forecast for 592 million for the year 2035. Currently, Brazil is the fourth country in the world in number of diabetes. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of individuals with diabetes mellitus treated at Hiperdia Center of Viçosa-MG, considering socio demographic, modifiable risk factors and not modifiable. This is a descriptive study, quantitative, documentary and cross-sectional. 547 records were analyzed, 218 retirees and 329 active patients. The analysis of the active patients showed that 51% of the total number of patients had a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with hypertension. In relation to active patients, 72% had low family income, 74% had low education, 74%, 78 % and 57% had high prevalence of hypertension, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, respectively. The presence of two or more family history of coronary and metabolic diseases was found in 79% of patients. The analysis of fasting and postprandial proved inadequate values by more than 50% of the active patients. Patients with diabetes attended by the Hiperdia Center of Viçosapresented in addition to the disease itself, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, both being complicating for diabetes control and a good health

Variáveis bioquímicas, antropométricas e pressóricas como indicadores de risco cardiovascular em servidores públicos / Biochemical, anthropometric and blood pressure variables as indicators of cardiovascular risk on public employees

INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças cardiovasculares têm sido apontadas como a principal causa de mortalidade e morbidade no Brasil e no mundo. OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular em servidores universitários, utilizando as variáveis bioquímicas, antropométricas e pressóricas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 107 servidores técnico-administrativos da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, no ano de 2010, com idade média de 46,1 ± 10,4 anos. Os parâmetros analisados foram: índice de massa corporal, relação cintura-quadril (RCQ), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), colesterol total (CT), triglicerídeos (TG), lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-C) e lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-C). A análise dos dados consistiu no cálculo das prevalências das variáveis estudadas. Para todos os tratamentos estatísticos adotou-se um nível de significância de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 45% de excesso de peso (IMC ≥ 25,0 kg/m²), 20% da população apresentou RCQ elevada (> 0,85 para as mulheres e ≥ 0,95 para os homens), a pressão arterial se apresentou alta (PAS ≥ 140 mmHg; PAD ≥ 90mmHg) em 24% dos avaliados, o CT obteve 49% de valores elevados (> 199 mg/dL), os triglicerídeos apresentaram 23% valores alterados (> 149 mg/dL), em relação ao LDL-C foram encontrados 31% de valores acima de 129 mg/dL, e 30% dos avaliados apresentaram valores reduzidos de HDL-C (< 40 mg/dL). Observamos que apenas 18,6% dos avaliados não apresentaram nenhum dos FRC analisados, sendo que cerca de metade dos servidores se encontraram na faixa de 2 a 4 FRC. CONCLUSÃO: Foi verificado um elevado percentual de FRC na população de servidores universitários. Dentre as variáveis analisadas, verificamos que excesso de peso, CT, níveis reduzidos de HDL-C e aumentados de LDL-C foram os FRC mais prevalentes.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases have been identified as the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and in the world. OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of cardiovascular factors risk (CFR) over university employees, through the use of biochemical, anthropometric and blood pressure variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participated of the study 107 technical-administrative employees of Universidade Federal de Viçosa, in 2010, with the average age of 46,1 ± 10,4 years old. The analyzed parameters ware: level of body mass (BLM), waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL- C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). The data analysis was to calculate the prevalence of the variables studied. For all statistical treatments was adopted p < 0.05 as significance level. RESULTS: It was found 45% of over-weight (BLM ≥ 25.0 kg/m2), 20% of population showed higher WHR (≥ 0.85 for women and ≥ 0.95 for men) , the blood pressure was also high (SAP ≥ 140 mmHg; DAP ≥ 90mmHg) in 24% of evaluated, the TC obtained 49% of high values (> 199 mg/dL), triglycerides showed 23% of changed values (> 149 mg/dL), although the LDL-C were found 31% of values over 129 mg/dL, and 30% of evaluated showed low values of HDL-C (< 40 mg/dL). It was possible to observe that just 18.6% evaluated did not show any CFR analyzed, taking in consideration that almost half of employees are in the level of 2 to 4 CFR. CONCLUSION: It was verified an increased percentage of CFR over the university employees. Among the analyzed variables it is possible to verify that the over-weight, TC, low levels of HDL-C and high of LDL-C were the most prevalent CFR.

Efeito do índice glicêmico no gasto energético e utilização de substrato energético antes e depois de exercício cicloergométrico / Effect of glycemic index on energy expenditure and energy substrate utilization before and after exercise on a stationary bicycle

OBJETIVO: No presente artigo, avaliou-se o efeito do consumo, durante cinco dias consecutivos, de refeições diferindo em índice glicêmico no gasto energético, na oxidação de substrato energético e no consumo excessivo de oxigênio após o exercício. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 15 homens bem treinados, com idade de M=24,4, DP=3,70 anos e consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) de M=70,00, DP=5,32mL (kg.min)-1. Após o consumo das refeições, os participantes permaneceram por noventa minutos no calorímetro indireto Deltatrac®, para a avaliação dos parâmetros metabólicos. A seguir, foi realizado um exercício de 85 a 95 por cento da frequência cardíaca máxima, em três estágios de dez minutos. Os parâmetros metabólicos foram novamente avaliados durante os sessenta minutos pós-exercício. RESULTADOS: Os tratamentos aplicados no estudo não afetaram o gasto energético, o consumo excessivo de oxigênio e a oxidação lipídica após o exercício. Entretanto, a taxa de oxidação de gordura foi maior durante os noventa minutos no grupo que consumiu a refeição de alto índice glicêmico antes do exercício, em relação ao da refeição de baixo índice glicêmico. Além disso, a taxa de oxidação lipídica do período pós-prandial foi inferior àquela obtida no período pós-exercício. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que enquanto o consumo de refeições de baixo índice glicêmico pode não exercer efeito benéfico, a realização de exercício físico pode promover maior oxidação lipídica e consequentemente afetar a redução do teor de gordura corporal.

OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed, on 5 consecutive days, the effect of consuming meals with different glycemic indices on energy expenditure, energy substrate oxidation and excessive oxygen consumption after exercise. METHODS: A total of 15 well trained men aged M=24.4, SD=3.70 years with a mean body mass index of M=21.97, SD=1.46 kg/m2 and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of M=70.00, SD= 5.32 mL(kg.min)-1 participated in the study. After the meal, the participants remained 90 minutes in the indirect calorimeter Deltatrac® for assessment of the metabolic parameters. Next, they exercised at 85-95 percent of their maximum heart rate in three bouts of 10 minutes. The metabolic parameters were reassessed within the 60 minutes following the exercise. RESULTS: The study treatments did not affect energy expenditure, excessive oxygen consumption or fat oxidation after exercise. However, the rate of fat oxidation in the 90 minutes that followed the meal was higher in those who consumed the high-glycemic index meal than in those who consumed the low-glycemic index meal. Moreover, the postprandial fat oxidation rate was lower than that observed after the exercise. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, while the consumption of low-glycemic index meals may not have beneficial effects, exercise can promote greater fat oxidation and, consequently, reduce body fat.