Correction to: Cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis-an Italian consensus.

In the original article, Maria Pia Amato's second affiliation was not included. The second affiliation is IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy. The correct affiliation is presented here.

Cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis-an Italian consensus.

The aim of this consensus paper was to define the state of the art on cognitive assessment of persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), with the purpose of providing recommendations for the Italian centers involved in MS management. While there are no formal guidelines published regarding the assessment of cognitive function in MS, on the basis of an expert opinion meeting, held in Milan (Italy) on July 4, 2016, we report the recommendations of a panel of Italian experts including MS neurologists and neuropsychologists for the assessment and follow-up of cognitive function in adult MS subjects.

Neuropsychological and virtual reality assessment in topographical disorientation.

Although literature does not provide a unique explanation, the importance of hippocampus for human topographical learning and orientation is assumed to be relevant by most of the authors. There is considerable evidence that the hippocampus is necessary for acquiring cognitive maps of allocentric space, which includes topographical knowledge of large-scale real environments. This study aimed to investigate neuropsychological and behavioral characteristics of topographical disorientation in a 71 years old patient, affected by an ischemic bilateral occipital lesion involving the hippocampus. Several assessment methods have been involved: neuropsychological test, paper and pencil test for the evaluation of topographical abilities, and a Virtual Reality tool. Experimental evidences for the value of an integrated evaluation approach in underlying spatial orientation difficulties are provided.