Dietary energy density was associated with diet quality in Brazilian adults and older adults.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies present association of low dietary energy density with higher intake of vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber, lower intake of fat, and better balance of macronutrients. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between dietary energy density and diet quality measured by an index of diet quality. This study used data from 496 adults and 445 older adults of cross-sectional population-based survey from São Paulo conducted in 2008-2009, Brazil. Dietary intake data was assessed by two 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary energy density values were calculated based on foods only method. Dietary energy density and revised Brazilian Health Eating Index and its components, were estimated by usual intake using Multiple Source Method. The relationship between dietary energy density and the total revised Brazilian Health Eating Index and its components were assessed by Gaussian family log-link model for each age group. The analyses showed an inverse association between dietary energy density and total revised Brazilian Health Eating Index in adults (T2:ß = 0.96, p < 0.001; T2:ß = 0.86, p < 0.001) and older adults (T2:ß = 0.96, p < 0.001; T2:ß = 0.90, p < 0.001), and an inverse association between dietary energy density and nine of twelve revised Brazilian Health Eating Index components in adult and/or older adults groups. Dietary energy density was associated with diet quality in Brazilian adults and older adults regardless of sex, per capita household income, body mass index, physical activity level, current smoking habits status, alcohol beverage drinking status and usual energy intake (kilocalories) from beverages.

Densidade energética da dieta e fatores associados: como está a população de São Paulo? / Dietary energy density and associated factors: how is the population of Sao Paulo doing?

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a densidade energética da dieta de adultos do município de São Paulo e fatores associados. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Participantes do estudo ISA-Capital, com amostragem probabilística (n = 710 adultos). O consumo alimentar foi avaliado pelo R24h. As correlações foram investigadas pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. As associações com dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida foram investigadas por modelos de regressão multivariados. RESULTADOS: A densidade energética média foi 1,98 kcal/g (IC95% [1,94; 2,01]) e correlacionou-se positivamente com a ingestão de energia, gordura, carboidrato, colesterol, gordura saturada, sacarose, gordura trans e açúcar adicionado e negativamente com fibras. Apenas idade e hábito de fumar apresentaram associação com a densidade energética. CONCLUSÕES: Os valores elevados da densidade energética da dieta e a relação demonstrada com outros constituintes nutricionais denotam má qualidade da dieta nessa população, o que pode estar contribuindo para crescentes taxas de excesso de peso. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):638-45.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dietary energy density in adults living in Sao Paulo and associated factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects were participants of ISA-Capital study, which was carried out with probabilistic sampling (n = 710 adults). Food consumption was assessed by R24h. Correlations with dietary constituents were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Associations with demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle data were investigated by multivariate regression models. RESULTS: The average energy density was 1.98 kcal/g (95% CI [1.94, 2.01]). It was positively correlated with energy, fat, carbohydrate, cholesterol, saturated fat, sucrose, trans fat and added sugar intake; and negatively correlated with fiber intake. Only age and smoking were associated with energy density. CONCLUSIONS: High values ​​of energy density and the relationship determined with other nutritional constituents denote the poor quality of the diet in this population, which may be contributing to the rising rates of overweight. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):638-45.

[Dietary energy density and associated factors: how is the population of Sao Paulo doing?]. / Densidade energética da dieta e fatores associados: como está a população de São Paulo?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dietary energy density in adults living in Sao Paulo and associated factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects were participants of ISA-Capital study, which was carried out with probabilistic sampling (n = 710 adults). Food consumption was assessed by R24h. Correlations with dietary constituents were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Associations with demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle data were investigated by multivariate regression models. RESULTS: The average energy density was 1.98 kcal/g (95% CI [1.94, 2.01]). It was positively correlated with energy, fat, carbohydrate, cholesterol, saturated fat, sucrose, trans fat and added sugar intake; and negatively correlated with fiber intake. Only age and smoking were associated with energy density. CONCLUSIONS: High values of energy density and the relationship determined with other nutritional constituents denote the poor quality of the diet in this population, which may be contributing to the rising rates of overweight.

Avaliação de saúde mental em gestantes / Mental health assessment of pregnant women

O período gravídico-puerperal é a fase de maior incidência de transtornos psíquicos na mulher, necessitando de atenção especial para manutenção de bem-estar e prevenção de dificuldades futuras para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional do filho. A presente pesquisa objetivou verificar, através de um estudo piloto, a prevalência de sintomas psiquiátricos e uso de álcool entre gestantes do sistema público de saúde de Juiz de Fora, MG. Foram entrevistadas 33 gestantes de três unidades de saúde, e utilizados os instrumentos QMPA e MINI/DSM-IV. Verificou-se que 54,5% das entrevistadas apresentou sete ou mais sintomas psiquiátricos descritos no QMPA, com destaque para a subescala de ansiedade. Dentre os resultados do MINI/DSM-IV, destacaram-se os índices elevados de Agorafobia atual (37,7%), Agorafobia sem Transtorno de Pânico (33,3%), Síndrome Psicótica (25,0%), Episódio Depressivo Maior Atual (24,2%) e Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada (15,2%). Os altos índices encontrados de transtornos psiquiátricos indicaram a necessidade de investigações clínicas mais detalhadas para a avaliação da saúde mental dessas gestantes e possível indicação para tratamento. O estudo piloto se configura numa importante etapa da pesquisa, pois os resultados preliminares, bem como as dificuldades metodológicas iniciais, servem para o aprofundamento e a qualificação do estudo definitivo.

The pregnancy and puerperium period is a phase of increased incidence of mental disorders in women, requiring special attention to ensure the maintenance of their well-being and prevention of future cognitive and emotional difficulties for their child. The present research aimed at verifying, through a pilot study, the incidence of psychiatric symptoms and alcohol use among pregnant women attending the public health system of Juiz de Fora, MG. 33 pregnant women of 3 health units had been interviewed using the instruments QMPA and MINI/DSM-IV. It was verified that 54.5% of the women interviewed presented seven or more psychiatric symptoms described in the QMPA, with a prominence of the anxiety subscale. Amongst the results of the MINI/DSM-IV, the high incidence of current Agoraphobia can be highlighted (37.7%), Agoraphobia without Panic Disorder (33.3%), Psychotic Syndrome (25.0%), Bigger Depressive Episode Current (24.2%) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (15.2%). The high incidence of psychiatric disorders found indicated the necessity of detailed clinical inquiries for the evaluation of the mental health of pregnant women and possible referal for treatment. The pilot study constitutes an important stage of the research, since the preliminary results, as well as the initial methodological difficulties, will ensure the improvement of the final study.