Physical Activity and Sleep in Adults and Older Adults in Southern Brazil.

Good sleep quality is a well-known indicator of physical and mental health, well-being, and overall vitality. This study aimed to verify the association between the practice of physical activity and sleep duration and quality in adults and older adults in southern Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out with 820 individuals of both sexes aged 18 years or more, where sociodemographic variables were collected and also health-related variables. This study included 523 (63.8%) women and 297 (36.2%) men, and the prevalence of adequate sleep hours was 41.5% (95%CI: 39.1; 44.9). People who performed leisure walking were 34% more likely to present adequate sleep duration (PR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.10; 1.64) compared to those who did not perform leisure walking. Individuals who met the recommendations for moderate or vigorous physical activity were more likely to have good sleep quality (PR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.34). Future health behavior modification strategies to improve sleep quality at the population level should consider encouraging lifestyle improvements, thus increasing the practice of physical activities.

Global, regional, and national trends and patterns in physical activity research since 1950: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: National, regional and global scientific production and research capacity for physical activity - PA may contribute to improving public health PA policies and programs. There is an uneven distribution of research productivity by region and country income group, where countries with the highest burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to physical inactivity having low research productivity. A first step towards improving global research capacity is to objectively quantify patterns, trends, and gaps in PA research. This study describes national, regional and global trends and patterns of PA research from 1950 to 2019. METHODS: A systematic review using searches in PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Knowledge databases was conducted in August 2017 and updated between January and May 2020. The review was registered at the PROSPERO database number CRD42017070153. PA publications per 100,000 inhabitants per country was the main variable of interest. Descriptive and time-trend analyses were conducted in STATA version 16.0. RESULTS: The search retrieved 555,468 articles of which 75,756 were duplicates, leaving 479,712 eligible articles. After reviewing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23,860 were eligible for data extraction. Eighty-one percent of countries (n = 176) had at least one PA publication. The overall worldwide publication rate in the PA field was 0.46 articles per 100,000 inhabitants. Europe had the highest rate (1.44 articles per 100,000 inhabitants) and South East Asia had the lowest (0.04 articles per 100,000 inhabitants). A more than a 50-fold difference in publications per 100,000 inhabitants was identified between high and low-income countries. The least productive and poorest regions have rates resembling previous decades of the most productive and the richest. CONCLUSION: This study showed an increasing number of publications over the last 60 years with a growing number of disciplines and research methods over time. However, striking inequities were revealed and the knowledge gap across geographic regions and by country income groups was substantial over time. The need for regular global surveillance of PA research, particularly in countries with the largest data gaps is clear. A focus on the public health impact and global equity of research will be an important contribution to making the world more active.

Eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior among Brazilian schoolchildren: National Student Health Survey, 2015. / Hábitos alimentares, atividade física e comportamento sedentário entre escolares brasileiros: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2015.

INTRODUCTION: Urbanization and industrialization have contributed to changes in eating patterns, as well as the emergence of sedentary behaviors and reduced physical activity. OBJECTIVES: To identify and describe the prevalence of eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior in Brazilian schoolchildren, and to analyze their association with sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: Data from the National Student Health Survey (PeNSE) of 2015 were used. Prevalence rates, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. The analyses were adjusted for age and maternal schooling. RESULTS: The majority of adolescents: consumed beans (65.1%) and snacks (52.3%); had more than three days of physical education at school (50.7%); practiced physical activity out of school for more than three days (55.4%); had a sedentary behavior (73.3%); and, had physical activity during 60min/day for less than four days a week (72.7%). In general, girls were more exposed to unhealthy eating habits and sedentary behavior, and a higher socioeconomic level was associated with higher prevalence of the indicators studied. High consumption of unhealthy foods, increased sedentary behavior and reduction in the practice of physical activity. CONCLUSION: An association of unhealthy attitudes with sociodemographic characteristics was observed among schoolchildren. Strategies that focus on reducing these behaviors will contribute to health promotion actions in the school and family environments.

Associations Between Social Capital and Depressive Symptoms Among College Students in 12 Countries: Results of a Cross-National Study.

INTRODUCTION: A mental health crisis has hit university campuses across the world. This study sought to determine the prevalence and social determinants of depressive symptoms among university students in twelve countries. Particular focus was placed on the association between social capital and depressive symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students at their first year at university in Europe, Asia, the Western Pacific, and Latin and North America. Data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire, including questions on sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and social capital. The simplified Beck's Depression Inventory was used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms. Social capital was assessed using items drawn from the World Bank Integrated Questionnaire to Measure Social Capital. Multilevel analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between social capital and depressive symptoms, adjusting for individual covariates (e.g., perceived stress) and country-level characteristics (e.g., economic development). RESULTS: Among 4228 students, 48% presented clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Lower levels of cognitive (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.44-2.29) and behavioral social capital (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.29-1.76) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. The likelihood of having depressive symptoms was also significantly higher among those living in regions with lower levels of social capital. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that lower levels of individual and macro-level social capital contribute to clinically relevant depressive symptoms among university students. Increasing social capital may mitigate depressive symptoms in college students.

Hábitos alimentares, atividade física e comportamento sedentário entre escolares brasileiros: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2015 / Eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior among Brazilian schoolchildren: National Student Health Survey, 2015

RESUMO: Introdução: A urbanização e a industrialização colaboraram para a alteração nos padrões de alimentação, bem como para o surgimento de comportamentos sedentários e a redução da atividade física. Objetivos: Identificar e descrever a prevalência de hábitos alimentares, prática de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em escolares brasileiros e analisar sua associação com as características sociodemográficas. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015. Foram calculadas prevalências, razões de prevalências e intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). As análises foram ajustadas para idade escolaridade materna. Resultados: A maioria consumia feijão (65,1%) e guloseimas (52,3%), teve mais de três dias de aula de Educação Física escolar (50,7%), realizava atividade física fora da escola por mais de três dias (55,4%), tinha comportamento sedentário (73,3%) e realizava atividade física durante 60 min/dia por menos de quatro dias na semana (72,7%). Em geral, as meninas estavam mais expostas a práticas alimentares não desejáveis e ao comportamento sedentário, e o melhor nível socioeconômico associou-se a maiores prevalências dos indicadores estudados. Elevado consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, aumento do comportamento sedentário e redução na prática de atividade física. Conclusão: Observou-se associação de atitudes não saudáveis com características sociodemográficas entre os escolares. Estratégias que foquem na redução desses comportamentos irão contribuir para ações de promoção da saúde nos ambientes escolar e familiar.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Urbanization and industrialization have contributed to changes in eating patterns, as well as the emergence of sedentary behaviors and reduced physical activity. Objectives: To identify and describe the prevalence of eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior in Brazilian schoolchildren, and to analyze their association with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Data from the National Student Health Survey (PeNSE) of 2015 were used. Prevalence rates, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. The analyses were adjusted for age and maternal schooling. Results: The majority of adolescents: consumed beans (65.1%) and snacks (52.3%); had more than three days of physical education at school (50.7%); practiced physical activity out of school for more than three days (55.4%); had a sedentary behavior (73.3%); and, had physical activity during 60min/day for less than four days a week (72.7%). In general, girls were more exposed to unhealthy eating habits and sedentary behavior, and a higher socioeconomic level was associated with higher prevalence of the indicators studied. High consumption of unhealthy foods, increased sedentary behavior and reduction in the practice of physical activity. Conclusion: An association of unhealthy attitudes with sociodemographic characteristics was observed among schoolchildren. Strategies that focus on reducing these behaviors will contribute to health promotion actions in the school and family environments.

Sociodemographic inequalities in leisure-time physical activity and active commuting to school in Brazilian adolescents: National School Health Survey (PeNSE 2009, 2012, and 2015). / Desigualdades sociodemográficas na prática de atividade física de lazer e deslocamento ativo para a escola em adolescentes: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2009, 2012 e 2015).

The objective of this study was to identify inequalities in leisure-time physical activity and active commuting to school in Brazilian adolescents, as well as trends according to gender, type of school, maternal schooling, and geographic region, from 2009 to 2015. This was a descriptive study based on data from the Brazilian National School Health Survey (PeNSE) in 2009, 2012, and 2015. Students were defined as active in their leisure time when they practiced at least 60 minutes of physical activity a day on five or more of the seven days prior to the interview. Active commuting to school was defined as walking or biking to school on the week prior to the interview. The outcomes were stratified by gender, type of school, maternal schooling, and geographic region. Inequalities were assessed by differences and ratios between the estimates, as well as summary inequality indices. The 2009, 2012, and 2015 surveys included 61,301, 61,145, and 51,192 schoolchildren, respectively. Prevalence of leisure-time physical activity was 13.8% in 2009, 15.9% in 2012, and 14.7% in 2015; the rates for active commuting to school were 70.6%, 61.7%, and 66.7%, respectively. Boys showed 10 percentage points higher prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and 5 points higher active commuting to school than girls. Children of mothers with more schooling showed a mean of 10 percentage points higher prevalence of leisure-time physical activity than children of mothers with the lowest schooling and some 30 percentage points lower in relation to active commuting to school. The observed inequalities remained constant over the course of the period. The study identified socioeconomic and gender inequalities that remained constant throughout the period and which were specific to each domain of physical activity.

Desigualdades sociodemográficas na prática de atividade física de lazer e deslocamento ativo para a escola em adolescentes: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2009, 2012 e 2015) / Desigualdades sociodemográficas en la práctica de actividad física durante el tiempo libre y desplazamiento activo hacia la escuela en adolescentes: Encuesta Nacional de Salud del Escolar (PeNSE 2009, 2012 e 2015) / Sociodemographic inequalities in leisure-time physical activity and active commuting to school in Brazilian adolescents: National School Health Survey (PeNSE 2009, 2012, and 2015)

O objetivo foi identificar desigualdades na prática de atividade física de lazer e deslocamento ativo para escola em adolescentes brasileiros, bem como suas tendências de acordo com o sexo, tipo de escola, escolaridade materna e regiões geográficas de 2009 a 2015. Estudo descritivo baseado em dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2009, 2012 e 2015. Foram considerados ativos no lazer aqueles que acumularam, no mínimo, 60 minutos por dia, em cinco ou mais dias da semana anteriores à entrevista. Para deslocamento ativo para escola, foi avaliado o transporte a pé ou de bicicleta para a escola na semana anterior à entrevista. Os desfechos foram estratificados pelo sexo, tipo de escola, escolaridade materna e regiões geográficas. As desigualdades foram avaliadas por meio de diferenças e razões entre as estimativas, bem como por índices sumários de desigualdade. Foram incluídos na PeNSE 2009, 2012 e 2015, 61.301, 61.145 e 51.192 escolares, respectivamente. A prevalência de atividade física de lazer foi 13,8% em 2009, 15,9% em 2012 e 14,7% em 2015; já para o deslocamento ativo para escola, foi 70,6%, 61,7%, 66,7%, respectivamente. Meninos apresentaram uma prevalência de 10 pontos percentuais (p.p.) maior de atividade física de lazer e cerca de 5p.p. no deslocamento ativo para escola do que as meninas. Escolares filhos de mães com maior escolaridade apresentaram, em média, uma prevalência de atividade física de lazer 10p.p. maior do que seu grupo extremo de comparação e cerca de 30p.p. menor com relação ao deslocamento ativo para escola. As desigualdades observadas permaneceram constantes ao longo do período avaliado. Foram identificadas desigualdades socioeconômicas e entre os sexos, que se mantiveram constantes ao longo do período analisado e que foram específicas para cada domínio de atividade física.

El objetivo fue identificar desigualdades en la práctica de actividad física durante el tiempo libre y desplazamiento activo hacia la escuela en adolescentes brasileños, así como sus tendencias de acuerdo con sexo, tipo de escuela, escolaridad materna y regiones geográficas desde 2009 hasta 2015. Estudio descriptivo, basado en datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud del Escolar (PeNSE) de 2009, 2012 y 2015. Se consideraron activos durante el tiempo libre aquellos que acumularon, por lo menos, 60 minutos al día de actividad física durante cinco o más días a la semana anteriores a la entrevista. Para el desplazamiento activo hacia la escuela, se evaluó el transporte a pie o en bicicleta hacia la escuela durante la semana anterior a la entrevista. Los resultados se estratificaron por sexo, tipo de escuela, escolaridad materna y regiones geográficas. Las desigualdades se evaluaron mediante diferencias y razones entre las estimativas, así como por el sumario de los indices de desigualdad. Se incluyeron en el PeNSE 2009, 2012 y 2015, 61.301, 61.145 y 51.192 escolares, respectivamente. La prevalencia de actividad física durante el tiempo libre fue de un 13,8% en 2009, 15,9% en 2012 y 14,7% en 2015; ya para el desplazamiento activo hacia la escuela, fue 70,6%, 61,7%, 66,7%, respectivamente. Los niños presentaron una prevalencia de 10 puntos porcentuales (p.p.) mayor de actividad física durante el tiempo libre y cerca de 5p.p. en el desplazamiento activo hacia la escuela que las niñas. Los escolares -hijos de madres con mayor escolaridad- presentaron una prevalencia media de actividad física durante el tiempo libre 10p.p. mayor que su grupo extremo de comparación, y cerca de 30p.p. menor, con relación al desplazamiento activo hacia la escuela. Las desigualdades observadas permanecieron constantes a lo largo del período evaluado. Se identificaron desigualdades socioeconómicas y entre sexos, que se mantuvieron constantes a lo largo del período analizado, y que fueron específicas para cada dominio de actividad física.

The objective of this study was to identify inequalities in leisure-time physical activity and active commuting to school in Brazilian adolescents, as well as trends according to gender, type of school, maternal schooling, and geographic region, from 2009 to 2015. This was a descriptive study based on data from the Brazilian National School Health Survey (PeNSE) in 2009, 2012, and 2015. Students were defined as active in their leisure time when they practiced at least 60 minutes of physical activity a day on five or more of the seven days prior to the interview. Active commuting to school was defined as walking or biking to school on the week prior to the interview. The outcomes were stratified by gender, type of school, maternal schooling, and geographic region. Inequalities were assessed by differences and ratios between the estimates, as well as summary inequality indices. The 2009, 2012, and 2015 surveys included 61,301, 61,145, and 51,192 schoolchildren, respectively. Prevalence of leisure-time physical activity was 13.8% in 2009, 15.9% in 2012, and 14.7% in 2015; the rates for active commuting to school were 70.6%, 61.7%, and 66.7%, respectively. Boys showed 10 percentage points higher prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and 5 points higher active commuting to school than girls. Children of mothers with more schooling showed a mean of 10 percentage points higher prevalence of leisure-time physical activity than children of mothers with the lowest schooling and some 30 percentage points lower in relation to active commuting to school. The observed inequalities remained constant over the course of the period. The study identified socioeconomic and gender inequalities that remained constant throughout the period and which were specific to each domain of physical activity.