RESUMO
Objective: with the objective of testing the expression of the protein markers MIB, CK14, p63, p16, Cal A, and Cys A in the pathogenesis of oral spindle cell carcinoma, we conducted an immunohistochemical study of the expression of the protein markers MIB, CK14, p63, p16, Cal A, and Cys A in human biopsy specimens of these lesions. Methods: fifteen histological specimens of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip were obtained from the Department of Oral Pathology, Bahia Federal University. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Heidelberg University, Germany. Results: statistical analysis revealed no association between markers. There was strong positive staining for Ck14, MIB, and Cal A in 93.3% of cases, thus establishing a strong association. Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression.
RESUMO
OBJETIVOS: Investigar se há associação entre intensidade e frequência de uso de crack e o nível econômico de dependentes da droga e verificar se há relação entre classe econômica e intensidade e frequência de uso de crack em homens adultos em internação psiquiátrica. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal quantitativo. Instrumentos: entrevista estruturada, Critérios de Classificação Econômica Brasil e Miniexame do Estado Mental. Tratamento estatístico: análises descritivas e inferenciais (testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis - nível de significância de 5%). RESULTADOS: Duzentos e vinte e um participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: (1) Grupo de maior nível econômico (classes A e B) e (2) Grupo de menor nível econômico (Classes C, D e E). Não houve diferença significativa (p = 0,893 - teste de Mann-Whitney) entre os grupos quanto à intensidade e à frequência de uso de crack. Também não houve relação significativa (p = 0,549 - teste de Kruskal-Wallis) entre classe econômica (A, B, C, D e E) e intensidade e frequência de uso de crack. CONCLUSÃO: Os dependentes de crack de maior e de menor poder aquisitivo não diferiram de forma significativa com relação à intensidade e à frequência de uso da droga. Não houve relação entre classe econômica e intensidade e frequência de uso de crack nesta amostra.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether a relationship exists between the intensity and frequency of crack consumption and the economic level of the drug addicts, and verify if there is a relationship between economic class and frequency and intensity of crack consumption in adult men during a psychiatric hospitalization. METHOD: This is quantitative study. Instruments: structured interview, Brazil Economic Classification Criteria and Mini Mental State Examination. Statistical analysis: descriptive and inferential analysis (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test - significance level of 5%). RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty one participants were divided into two groups: (1) Higher socioeconomic status group (classes A and B) and (2) lower socioeconomic status group (Classes C, D and E). There was no significant difference (p = 0.893 - Mann-Whitney) between the groups regarding the intensity and frequency of crack use. There was also no significantly relationship (p = 0.549 - Kruskal-Wallis) between economic class (A, B, C, D and E) and frequency and intensity of crack use. CONCLUSION: The crack-dependent higher and lower buying power did not differ significantly with respect to intensity and frequency of drug use. There was no relationship between socioeconomic status and frequency and intensity of crack use in this sample.