Cost minimization analysis of catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by catheter technology.

AIM: Compare the 1-year costs of three catheter ablation technologies for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). MATERIALS & METHODS: A decision tree model was developed to estimate 1-year hospital costs associated with an index and potential repeat PAF ablation procedure using the Thermocool® Smarttouch® Catheter (ST), Thermocool SF Catheter (SF) or Arctic Front Advance Cryoballoon (CB). Model parameters were estimated using the results of two recently published studies. RESULTS: The ST resulted in average per-patient savings for combined inpatient and outpatient populations of US$1488 and US$4494 compared with SF and  CB, respectively. These cost savings were greater in the inpatient setting. CONCLUSION: The 1-year expected hospital visit costs for PAF ablation were lower with ST than with SF or CB.

Microlitiasis testicular múltiple bilateral asociado a hidrocele izquierdo en un joven de 26 años de edad. Informe de caso y revisión de la literatura / Multiple testicular microlithiasis bilateral associated with left hydrocele in a 26-year-old boy. Case report and literature review

La microlitiasis testicular (TM) es una patología que generalmente se diagnostica de manera incidental. En Ecuador, no existen reportes de esta entidad en adultos. Los informes científicos indican una mayor incidencia en individuos afroamericanos, sin especificar la etiología; La microlitiasis testicular se asocia con subfertilidad e infertilidad. Su relación con las neoplasias testiculares es controvertida. Aquí presentamos un caso clínico, sus diferentes asociaciones clínicas, y una posible conducta terapéutica.

Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is a pathology usually diagnosed incidentally. In Ecuador, there are not reports of this entity in adults. Scientific reports indicate a higher incidence in African-American individuals, without specifying the etiology; testicular microlithiasis is associated with subfertility and infertility. Its relationship with testicular neoplasms is controversial. Here we present a clinical case, it's different clinical associations, and a possible therapeutic conduct.

Predictors, Morbidity, and Costs Associated with Pneumothorax during Electronic Cardiac Device Implantation.

BACKGROUND: Pneumothorax (PTX) is a major cause of morbidity associated with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). We sought to evaluate predictors of PTX at our centers during CIED implantations, including the venous access technique utilized, as well as to determine morbidity and costs associated with PTX. METHODS: We reviewed records of all patients undergoing cardiac device implant or revision with new venous access at our institutions between 2008 and 2014. Common demographic and procedure characteristics were collected including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and method of venous access (axillary vein vs classic proximal subclavian vein technique). RESULTS: We identified 1,264 patients who met criteria for our analysis, with a total of 21 PTX cases during CIED implantation. The strongest predictor for PTX was the venous access strategy: 0 of 385 (0%) patients with axillary vein approach versus 21 of 879 (2.4%) with traditional subclavian vein approach, P = 0.0006. Additional predictors of PTX included advanced age, female sex, low BMI, and a new device implant (vs device upgrade). The occurrence of PTX was associated with increased length of stay: 3.0 days (median; interquartile range [IQR] 3) versus 1.0 day (median; IQR: 1), P = 0.0001, with a cost increase of 361.4%. CONCLUSION: An axillary vein vascular access strategy was associated with greatly reduced risk of iatrogenic PTX versus the traditional subclavian approach for CIED placement. Similarly, device upgrade with patent vascular access carried less risk of PTX compared to new device implantation. PTX occurrence significantly prolonged hospitalization and increased costs.

Is there an association between external cardioversions and long-term mortality and morbidity? Insights from the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management study.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac electric therapies effectively terminate tachyarrhythmias. Recent data suggest a possible increase in long-term mortality associated with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks. Little is known about the association between external cardioversion episodes (ECVe) and long-term mortality. We sought to assess the safety of repeated ECVe with regard to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed the data of the 4060 patients from the AFFIRM (Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management) trial. In particular, associations of ECVe with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and hospitalizations after ECVe were studied. Over an average follow-up of 3.5 years, 660 (16.3%) patients died, 331 (8.2%) from cardiovascular causes. A total of 207 (5.1%) and 1697 (41.8%) patients had low ejection fraction and nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation, respectively; 2460 patients received no ECVe, whereas 1600 experienced ≥ 1 ECVe. Death occurred in 412 (16.7%), 196 (16.5%), 39 (13.5%), and 13 (10.4%) of patients with 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 ECVe, respectively. There was no significant association between ECVe and mortality within any of the 4 subgroups defined by ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation type, although myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft, and digoxin were significantly associated with death (estimated hazard ratios, 1.65, 1.59, and 1.62, respectively; P < 0.0001). ECVe were associated with increased cardiac hospitalization reported at the next follow-up visit (39.3% versus 5.8%; estimated odds ratio, 1.39; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In the AFFIRM study, there was no significant association between ECVe and long-term mortality, even though ECVe were associated with increased hospitalizations from cardiac causes. Digoxin, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery bypass graft were significantly associated with mortality.