ASSESSMENT OF WEIGHT LOSS AFTER NON-ADJUSTABLE AND ADJUSTABLE INTRAGASTRIC BALLOON USE.

BACKGROUND: Intragastric balloon (IGB) use is indicated for patients whose BMI precludes the option of bariatric surgery or who need to lose weight prior to undergoing surgery. It is a minimally invasive procedure and currently there are two main models of IGBs in use, the non-adjustable intragastric balloon (NIB), implanted for six months, and the adjustable intragastric balloon (AIB), implanted for up to 12 months. OBJECTIVE: Analyze clinical characteristics between patients receiving non-adjustable gastric balloon and the adjustable (prolonged implantation) intragastric balloon. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 470 patients diagnosed as obese or overweight who had balloon implantation from October 2011 to July 2018. The associations between percentage excess weight loss versus clinical and demographic variables were calculated using the chi-squared test. Independent samples were submitted to the Student's t test to determine the quantitative variables, with a confidence interval of 95%. Calculation of excess weight was based on an estimated ideal weight that would correspond to a BMI of 24.99 kg/m2. RESULTS: A total of 414 patients completed the treatment achieving an average total body weight loss (%TBWL) of 15.4±7 with the NIB and 15.5±9.6 with the AIB. Overweight patients achieved higher excess weight loss (%EWL) values using AIBs (157.2±82.5) and obese patients did so with NIB use (56±29.7). Women achieved higher %EWL values (65.6±62.2) than men (48±27.1). Individuals who attended >4 consultations with a nutritionist (60.8%) achieved TBWL >18%. All of those P-values were <0.001. CONCLUSION: Obese individuals and women registered the greatest weight losses. Overweight patients achieved greater losses using AIB and obese patients did so using NIBs. NIB use was associated with higher EWL percentages. Nutritional accompaniment had a positive impact on the %TBWL.

Avaliação de perda de peso após o uso de balão intragástrico não ajustável e ajustável / Assessment of weight loss after non-adjustable and adjustable intragastric balloon use

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Intragastric balloon (IGB) use is indicated for patients whose BMI precludes the option of bariatric surgery or who need to lose weight prior to undergoing surgery. It is a minimally invasive procedure and currently there are two main models of IGBs in use, the non-adjustable intragastric balloon (NIB), implanted for six months, and the adjustable intragastric balloon (AIB), implanted for up to 12 months. OBJECTIVE: Analyze clinical characteristics between patients receiving non-adjustable gastric balloon and the adjustable (prolonged implantation) intragastric balloon. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 470 patients diagnosed as obese or overweight who had balloon implantation from October 2011 to July 2018. The associations between percentage excess weight loss versus clinical and demographic variables were calculated using the chi-squared test. Independent samples were submitted to the Student's t test to determine the quantitative variables, with a confidence interval of 95%. Calculation of excess weight was based on an estimated ideal weight that would correspond to a BMI of 24.99 kg/m2. RESULTS: A total of 414 patients completed the treatment achieving an average total body weight loss (%TBWL) of 15.4±7 with the NIB and 15.5±9.6 with the AIB. Overweight patients achieved higher excess weight loss (%EWL) values using AIBs (157.2±82.5) and obese patients did so with NIB use (56±29.7). Women achieved higher %EWL values (65.6±62.2) than men (48±27.1). Individuals who attended >4 consultations with a nutritionist (60.8%) achieved TBWL >18%. All of those P-values were <0.001. CONCLUSION: Obese individuals and women registered the greatest weight losses. Overweight patients achieved greater losses using AIB and obese patients did so using NIBs. NIB use was associated with higher EWL percentages. Nutritional accompaniment had a positive impact on the %TBWL.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O uso do balão intragástrico (BIG) é indicado para pacientes cujo IMC contraindica a cirurgia bariátrica ou que necessitam perder peso antes da cirurgia. É um procedimento minimamente invasivo e atualmente existem dois modelos principais de BIG - o balão intragástrico não ajustável (BINA), implantado por seis meses, e o balão intragástrico ajustável (BIA), por até 12 meses. OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores associados aos resultados clínicos comparando o uso de balão intragástrico não ajustável com o uso de balão intragástrico ajustável. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em 470 pacientes, com sobrepeso ou obesidade, submetidos ao tratamento entre outubro 2011 e julho de 2018. A associação entre as porcentagens da perda de excesso de peso (%PEP) e da perda do peso total (%PPT) com as variáveis demográficas e clínicas foram calculados com o teste qui-quadrado (P<0,05). Foi utilizado o teste t de Student para amostras independentes para comparar variáveis quantitativas, com IC 95%. O cálculo do excesso de peso foi estimado em peso ideal correspondente a um IMC de 24.99 kg/m2. RESULTADOS: Um total de 414 pacientes realizaram o tratamento até o final, com %PPT média de 15,4±7 no BINA e 15,5±9,6 no BIA. Os com sobrepeso apresentaram maiores %PEP no BIA (157,2±82,5) e os obesos maiores %PEP no BINA (56±29,7), com P<0,001. Mulheres (65,6±62,2) apresentaram maiores %PEP do que homens (48±27,1), com P<0,001. Os indivíduos que atenderam a >4 consultas com nutricionista obtiveram %PPT >18% (60,8%), com P<0,001. CONCLUSÃO: Obesos e mulheres tiveram maiores perdas ponderais. Maior perda de peso foi identificada em pacientes com sobrepeso que utilizaram BIA e em obesos os quais utilizaram BINA. O BINA esteve associado com maiores taxas de %PEP. O acompanhamento nutricional impactou positivamente na %PPT.

Avaliação da dor durante o cateterismo por via transradial utilizando Escala Visual Analógica / Pain assessment during transradial catheterization using the Visual Analogue Scale

Pacientes submetidos a procedimentos por via transradial podem apresentar dor associada ao espasmo da artéria radial. A dor pode ser avaliada utilizando-se a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), um método unidimensional de fácil aplicação. Analisamos a percepção de dor utilizando a EVA e a correlacionamos com a percepção de espasmo pelo operador. Métodos: Registro observacional, prospectivo, unicêntrico, que incluiu pacientes submetidos a procedimentos diagnósticos ou terapêuticos por acesso transradial. A EVA é constituída por uma linha horizontal de 100 mm, que traz nos extremos as inscrições “ausência de dor” e “dor insuportável”. O paciente foi instruído a marcar o ponto que representava a dor percebida no momento do procedimento. O operador quantificou o espasmo como zero se sem dor, 1 para dor sem resistência à movimentação dos cateteres, 2 para resistência leve, 3 para resistência moderada e 4 para resistência intensa.Resultados: A avaliação de dor pelo paciente por meio da EVA foi possível em todos os pacientes, e teve média de 25,5 ± 25,7 mm. Pelo operador, o espasmo foi classificado em grau zero em 53 casos (35,8%); grau 1 em 67 (45,3%); grau 2 em 24 (16,2%); grau 3 em 3 (2,0%); e grau 4 em 1 (0,7%). Os coeficientes de correlação tau b de Kendall e Ro de Spearman foram, respectivamente, de 0,527 e 0,647, mostrando correlação positivamoderada entre a percepção de dor pelo paciente e a percepção de espasmo pelo operador. Conclusões: A EVA pode ser utilizada para a avaliação de espasmo durante os procedimentos que utilizem avia transradial, tendo demonstrado correlação positiva com a avaliação de espasmo pelo operador...

Patients undergoing transradial procedures may experience pain associated with radial arteryspasm. The pain can be assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), an easy-to-apply, one-dimensionalmethod. This study analyzed the perception of pain using the VAS and correlated it with the perception ofspasm by the interventionist. Methods: This was an observational, prospective, single-center registry, which included patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic transradial procedures. The VAS consists of a 100-mm horizontalline, which has at its extremes the words "no pain" and "unbearable pain". The patient was instructed to identify the point that represented the perceived pain during the procedure. The interventionist quantified the spasm as zero for no pain, 1 for pain with no resistance to catheter movement, 2 for mild resistance, 3 for moderate resistance, and 4 for intense resistance.Results: Pain assessment by patients using the VAS was possible in all patients, and had a mean of 25.5 ± 25.7 mm. For the interventionist, spasm was classified as grade zero in 53 cases (35.8%); grade 1 in 67 (45.3%); grade 2 in 24 (16.2%); grade 3 in 3 (2.0%); and grade 4 in 1 patient (0.7%). Kendall's tau b and Spearman’s (rho) rank correlation coefficients were, respectively, 0.527 and 0.647, showinga moderate positive correlation between the perception of pain by the patient and the perception of spasm by the operator...