Assuntos
Atitude , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Organizações , SARS-CoV-2 , Fatores SexuaisAssuntos
Mobilidade Ocupacional , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Universidades , Mulheres , COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , Pesquisa , EnsinoRESUMO
SCOPE: The mechanisms and involvement of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the protection from obesity and insulin resistance induced by intake of a high-fat diet rich in omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: C57BL/6J mice are fed either a low-fat (control group) or one of two isocaloric high-fat diets containing either lard (HFD) or fish oil (HFN3) as fat source and evaluated for body weight, adiposity, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis, and inguinal white and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iWAT and iBAT, respectively) gene expression, lipidome, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. HFN3 intake protected from obesity, glucose and insulin intolerances, and hyperinsulinemia. This is associated with increased energy expenditure, iWAT UCP1 expression, and incorporation of n-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids in iWAT and iBAT triacylglycerol. Importantly, HFN3 is equally effective in reducing body weight gain, adiposity, and glucose intolerance and increasing energy expenditure in wild-type and UCP1-deficient mice without recruiting other thermogenic processes in iWAT and iBAT, such as mitochondrial uncoupling and SERCA-mediated calcium and creatine-driven substrate cyclings. CONCLUSION: Intake of a high-fat diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids protects both wild-type and UCP1-deficient mice from obesity and insulin resistance by increasing energy expenditure through unknown mechanisms.
Assuntos
Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Intolerância à Glucose/dietoterapia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Proteína Desacopladora 1/genética , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/análise , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Óleos de Peixe/química , Intolerância à Glucose/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Obesidade/etiologia , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/genética , ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio do Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Termogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Termogênese/genética , Proteína Desacopladora 1/metabolismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Recently, new studies have brought to light the potential risks of low dose radiation (LDR) in cancer. In this review, we discuss in detail the detrimental effects of LDR in some model organisms and animal models, as well as potential risks to human beings from some routine medical screening procedures. Furthermore, cellular mechanisms by which LDR exerts its negative effects like endoplasmic reticulum stress, epigenetic changes and microRNAs are also reviewed. A few studies are discussed that have reported some benefits of LDR through changes in energy metabolism. Lastly, we focus on breast cancer, one of the predominant forms of cancer potentially affected by LDR and some of the benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as dietary compounds that offer protection against radiation effects on cancer cells and cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, LDR exerts mainly damaging effects through diverse cell and molecular mechanisms, with a few beneficial effects reported. In some cancers, surrounding adipose tissue of the breast may contribute to obesity-related cancer. Further, preclinical data suggest that anti-inflammatory dietary compounds such as PUFA and other dietary interventions may protect against radiation effects on cancer cells and cancer progression.