Virtual BUILD Research Collaboratory: A biomedical data science training using innovative pedagogy to address structures of racism and inequitable stress for undergraduates of color.

OBJECTIVE: The unprecedented events of 2020 required a pivot in scientific training to better prepare the biomedical research workforce to address global pandemics, structural racism, and social inequities that devastate human health individually and erode it collectively. Furthermore, this pivot had to be accomplished in the virtual environment given the nation-wide lockdown. METHODS: These needs and context led to leveraging of the San Francisco Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (SF BUILD) theories of change to innovate a Virtual BUILD Research Collaboratory (VBRC). The purpose of VBRC was to train Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) students to apply their unique perspectives to biomedical research. These training activities were evaluated using a pre-post survey design that included both validated and new psychosocial scales. A new scale was piloted to measure culturally relevant pedagogy. RESULTS: VBRC scholars increased science identity on two items: thinking of myself as a scientist (+1point, p = 0.006) and belonging to a community of scientists (+1point, p = 0.069). Overall, scholars perceived stress also decreased over VBRC (-2.35 points, p = 0.02). Post VBRC, scholars had high agency scores (µ = 11.02, Md = 12, range = 6-12, σ = 1.62) and cultural humility scores (µ = 22.11, Md = 23, range = 12-24, σ = 2.71). No notable race/ethnic differences were found in any measures. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our innovative approach to data science training for BIPOC in unprecedented times shows promise for better preparing the workforce critically needed to address the fundamental gaps in knowledge at the intersection of public health, structural racism, and biomedical sciences.

Institutionalizing Community-engaged Translational Science in an Academic Institution: A Community Stakeholder-Driven Process.

BACKGROUND: Although studies have described the power imbalance in academic-community partnerships, little has been published describing how community-based participatory research-informed practitioners can change academic institutions to promote more effective community-engaged research. OBJECTIVES: This paper describes a university-funded community-based participatory project in which academic researchers and their community partners worked together to articulate, develop and advocate for institutionalizing best practices for equitable partnerships throughout the university. METHODS: Findings derive from a collaborative ethnographic process evaluation. RESULTS: The study describes the integral steps proposed to promote equitable community-university research collaboration, the process by which these principles and best practice recommendations were developed, and the institutional change outcomes of this process. CONCLUSIONS: When universities make even small investments toward promoting and nurturing community-engaged research, the quality of the science can be enhanced to advance health equity and community-university relationships can improve, particularly if based on trust, mutual respect, and openness to accomplish a shared vision.

Survey data on energy-saving policies, energy price, crisis and household energy-saving behavior.

The state policies and energy prices are evaluated to play a crucial role in the context of crises occurring in each country. The authors collected data on state policies and energy prices concerning energy-saving behavior during crises, with a particular focus on the Covid-19 crisis. The data was gathered from 1216 respondents, who are households. The data's reliability was assessed using Smart-PLS software. The data will provide research ideas related to state policies, energy prices, and energy-saving behavior associated with crises similar to Covid-19.

Impact of resource distributions on the competition of species in stream environment.

Our earlier work in Nguyen et al. (Maximizing metapopulation growth rate and biomass in stream networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.05555 , 2023) shows that concentrating resources on the upstream end tends to maximize the total biomass in a metapopulation model for a stream species. In this paper, we continue our research direction by further considering a Lotka-Volterra competition patch model for two stream species. We show that the species whose resource allocations maximize the total biomass has the competitive advantage.

The CTSA Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) Task Force's recommendations for the CTSA program consortium.

The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program recognizes that advancing diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) requires moving beyond statements of commitment to transformative actions. In 2021, the CTSA Program created a Task Force (TF) to initiate work in support of structural and transformational initiatives that advance DEIA for the consortium and its individual hubs. We describe the process of forming the expertise-driven (DEIA) TF and our activities to date. We 1) developed and adopted the DEIA Learning Systems Framework to guide our approach; 2) defined a set of recommendations across four focus areas (Institutional; Programmatic; Community-Centered; and Social, Cultural, Environmental); and 3) designed and disseminated a survey to capture the CTSA Program's baseline demographic, community, infrastructural, and leadership diversity. The CTSA Consortium also elevated the TF to a standing Committee to extend our understanding, development, and implementation of DEIA approaches to translational and clinical science. These initial steps provide a foundation for collectively fostering environment that support DEIA across the research continuum.

Efficacy of a Primary Care-Based Mobile Application to Increase Hepatitis C Screening Among Asian Americans: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening remains suboptimal. We assessed the efficacy of a mobile application and provider alert in enhancing HCV screening among Asian Americans. Methods: A secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized clinical trial was performed during the birth cohort screening era to assess the efficacy of a Hepatitis App (intervention), a multilingual mobile application delivering interactive video education on viral hepatitis and creating a Provider Alert printout, at primary care clinics within 2 healthcare systems in San Francisco from 2015 to 2017. A comparison group received usual care and a similar intervention on nutrition and physical activity. The outcome was electronic health record (EHR) documentation of HCV screening along with patient-provider communication about testing and test ordering. Results: Four hundred fifty-two participants (mean age 57 years, 36% male, 80% foreign-born) were randomized by provider clusters to the intervention (n = 270) or comparison groups (n = 182). At 3-month follow up, the intervention group was more likely than the comparison group to be aware of HCV (75% vs 59%, P = .006), to discuss HCV testing with their providers (63% vs 13%, P < .001), to have HCV testing ordered (39% vs 10%, P < .001), and to have EHR-verified HCV testing (30% vs 6%, P < .001). Within the intervention group, being born between 1945 and 1965 (odds ratio, 3.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-7.32) was associated with increased HCV testing. Conclusions: The Hepatitis App delivered in primary care settings was effective in increasing HCV screening in a socioeconomically diverse Asian American cohort. This highlights the importance of mobile technology as a patient-centered strategy to address gaps in HCV care.

Addressing the challenges of conducting community-engaged research during COVID-19: Rapid development and evaluation of a COVID-19 Research Patient and Community Advisory Board (PCAB).

Introduction: We created a COVID-19 Research Patient and Community Advisory Board (PCAB) to provide patient and community input into clinical and translational research studies. The purpose of this article is to describe the PCAB creation, implementation, and evaluation. Methods: We identified PCAB members who had participated in previous stakeholder engaged activities at our institution and invited their participation. We created a systematic consultation process where researchers could submit plain language research summaries and questions for the PCAB. A facilitated 1-hour virtual consultation was then held where PCAB members provided feedback. We assessed satisfaction of PCAB members and researchers who received consultations using surveys. We also reviewed video recordings of PCAB consultations and reflections from team meetings to identify key lessons learned. Results: Twenty-seven PCAB members took part in 23 consultation sessions. Twenty-two completed an evaluation survey (81% response rate). Most members agreed or strongly agreed their opinions were valued (86%), it was a productive use of time (86%) and were satisfied (86%). Nineteen researchers completed an evaluation survey (83% response rate). Researchers reported positive experiences of working with the PCAB. Additional insights include limited funding in COVID-19 research for equitable community engagement, deficiencies in researcher communication skills, and a lack of cultural humility incorporated into study activities. Conclusions: PCAB members provided recommendations that maximized the patient-centeredness and health equity focus of COVID-19 research. The detailed description of the process of developing, implementing, and evaluating our PCAB can be used as a template for others wishing to replicate this engagement model.

Alveolar defects before and after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE): a CBCT assessment.

INTRODUCTION: Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE) promote maxillary expansion in skeletally mature patients. This technique is effective; however, some side effects are still unknown. OBJECTIVES: evaluate the presence of alveolar defects (dehiscences and fenestrations) in patients submitted to the SARPE. The null hypothesis tested was: SARPE does not influence the number of dehiscences and fenestrationss. METHODS: A retrospective quasi-experiment study of a convenience sample of 279 maxillary teeth, in 29 patients evaluated with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) at T1 (before SARPE), T2 (after expansion) and T3 (after retention), was performed. The examined teeth were: canines, first and second premolars, first and second molars. in axial, coronal, and cross-sectional views. The evaluations involved viewing slices from mesial to distal of the buccal roots. RESULTS: All statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.3 and SUDAAN softwares. Alpha used in the study was 0.05. Alveolar defects increased statistically from T1 (69.0%) to T2 (96.5%) and T3 (100%). Dehiscences increased 195% (Relative Risk 2.95) at the end of expansion (T2). After retention (T3), individuals were on average 4.34 times more likely to develop dehiscences (334% increase). Fenestrations did not increase from T1 to T2 (p = 0.0162, 7.9%) and decreased from T2 to T3 (p = 0.0259, 4.3%). Presence of fenestrations at T1 was a significant predictor for the development of dehiscences in T2 and T3. Dehiscences increased significantly in all teeth, except second molars. CONCLUSION: The null hypothesis was rejected. After SARPE the number of dehiscences increased and fenestrations decreased. Previous alveolar defects were predictor for dehiscences after SARPE.

Knowledge Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities in Health and Prevention Research for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders: A Report From the 2021 National Institutes of Health Workshop.

Asian Americans (AsA), Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) comprise 7.7% of the U.S. population, and AsA have had the fastest growth rate since 2010. Yet the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has invested only 0.17% of its budget on AsA and NHPI research between 1992 and 2018. More than 40 ethnic subgroups are included within AsA and NHPI (with no majority subpopulation), which are highly diverse culturally, demographically, linguistically, and socioeconomically. However, data for these groups are often aggregated, masking critical health disparities and their drivers. To address these issues, in March 2021, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, in partnership with 8 other NIH institutes, convened a multidisciplinary workshop to review current research, knowledge gaps, opportunities, barriers, and approaches for prevention research for AsA and NHPI populations. The workshop covered 5 domains: 1) sociocultural, environmental, psychological health, and lifestyle dimensions; 2) metabolic disorders; 3) cardiovascular and lung diseases; 4) cancer; and 5) cognitive function and healthy aging. Two recurring themes emerged: Very limited data on the epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes for most conditions are available, and most existing data are not disaggregated by subgroup, masking variation in risk factors, disease occurrence, and trajectories. Leveraging the vast phenotypic differences among AsA and NHPI groups was identified as a key opportunity to yield novel clues into etiologic and prognostic factors to inform prevention efforts and intervention strategies. Promising approaches for future research include developing collaborations with community partners, investing in infrastructure support for cohort studies, enhancing existing data sources to enable data disaggregation, and incorporating novel technology for objective measurement. Research on AsA and NHPI subgroups is urgently needed to eliminate disparities and promote health equity in these populations.

Alveolar defects before and after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE): a CBCT assessment

ABSTRACT Introduction: Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE) promote maxillary expansion in skeletally mature patients. This technique is effective; however, some side effects are still unknown. Objectives: evaluate the presence of alveolar defects (dehiscences and fenestrations) in patients submitted to the SARPE. The null hypothesis tested was: SARPE does not influence the number of dehiscences and fenestrationss. Methods: A retrospective quasi-experiment study of a convenience sample of 279 maxillary teeth, in 29 patients evaluated with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) at T1 (before SARPE), T2 (after expansion) and T3 (after retention), was performed. The examined teeth were: canines, first and second premolars, first and second molars. in axial, coronal, and cross-sectional views. The evaluations involved viewing slices from mesial to distal of the buccal roots. Results: All statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.3 and SUDAAN softwares. Alpha used in the study was 0.05. Alveolar defects increased statistically from T1 (69.0%) to T2 (96.5%) and T3 (100%). Dehiscences increased 195% (Relative Risk 2.95) at the end of expansion (T2). After retention (T3), individuals were on average 4.34 times more likely to develop dehiscences (334% increase). Fenestrations did not increase from T1 to T2 (p = 0.0162, 7.9%) and decreased from T2 to T3 (p = 0.0259, 4.3%). Presence of fenestrations at T1 was a significant predictor for the development of dehiscences in T2 and T3. Dehiscences increased significantly in all teeth, except second molars. Conclusion: The null hypothesis was rejected. After SARPE the number of dehiscences increased and fenestrations decreased. Previous alveolar defects were predictor for dehiscences after SARPE.

RESUMO Introdução: A expansão rápida da maxila assistida cirurgicamente (ERMAC) promove expansão em pacientes esqueleticamente maduros. Essa técnica é efetiva; entretanto, alguns efeitos colaterais ainda são desconhecidos. Objetivos: Avaliar a presença de defeitos alveolares (deiscência e fenestração) em pacientes submetidos à ERMAC. A hipótese nula testada foi que a ERMAC não influenciaria o número de deiscências e fenestrações. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo quase-experimental de uma amostra de conveniência de 279 dentes superiores, de 29 pacientes que foram avaliados por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) em T1 (antes da ERMAC), T2 (após expansão) e T3 (após contenção). Caninos, primeiros e segundos pré-molares, primeiros e segundos molares foram examinados em cortes axiais, coronais e sagitais. As raízes vestibulares desses dentes foram avaliadas da face mesial até a distal. Resultados: Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas usando os softwares SAS 9.3 e SUDAAN. O alfa usado no estudo foi de 0,05. Os defeitos alveolares aumentaram significativamente de T1 (69,0%) para T2 (96,5%) e T3 (100%). Deiscências aumentaram 195% (risco relativo de 2,95%) no final da expansão (T2). Após contenção (T3), os pacientes tiveram, em média, 4,34 vezes mais chance de desenvolver deiscência (334% de aumento). As fenestrações não aumentaram de T1 para T2 (p= 0.0162, 7.9%) e diminuíram de T2 para T3 (p = 0.0259, 4,3%). A presença de fenestrações em T1 foi um preditor significativo para o desenvolvimento de deiscências em T2 e T3. Deiscências aumentaram significativamente em todos os dentes, exceto nos segundos molares. Conclusão: A hipótese nula foi rejeitada. Após a ERMAC, o número de deiscências aumentou e o de fenestrações diminuiu. Defeitos alveolares prévios foram preditores de deiscências após a ERMAC.

Death Toll of COVID-19 on Asian Americans: Disparities Revealed.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the structural inequities facing communities of color and its consequences in lives lost. However, little is known about the COVID-related disparities facing Asian Americans amidst the heightened racism and violence against this community. We analyze the mortality toll of COVID-19 on Asian Americans using multiple measures. In 2020, one in seven Asian American deaths was attributable to COVID-19. We find that while Asian Americans make up a small proportion of COVID-19 deaths in the USA, they experience significantly higher excess all-cause mortality (3.1 times higher), case fatality rate (as high as 53% higher), and percentage of deaths attributed to COVID-19 (2.1 times higher) compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Mounting evidence suggest that disproportionately low testing rates, greater disease severity at care presentation, socioeconomic factors, and racial discrimination contribute to the observed disparities. Improving data reporting and uniformly confronting racism are key components to addressing health inequities facing communities of color.

Cancer health disparities in racial/ethnic minorities in the United States.

There are well-established disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes by race/ethnicity that result from the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, socio-environmental, behavioural and biological factors. However, large research studies designed to investigate factors contributing to cancer aetiology and progression have mainly focused on populations of European origin. The limitations in clinicopathological and genetic data, as well as the reduced availability of biospecimens from diverse populations, contribute to the knowledge gap and have the potential to widen cancer health disparities. In this review, we summarise reported disparities and associated factors in the United States of America (USA) for the most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and colon), and for a subset of other cancers that highlight the complexity of disparities (gastric, liver, pancreas and leukaemia). We focus on populations commonly identified and referred to as racial/ethnic minorities in the USA-African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and Hispanics/Latinos. We conclude that even though substantial progress has been made in understanding the factors underlying cancer health disparities, marked inequities persist. Additional efforts are needed to include participants from diverse populations in the research of cancer aetiology, biology and treatment. Furthermore, to eliminate cancer health disparities, it will be necessary to facilitate access to, and utilisation of, health services to all individuals, and to address structural inequities, including racism, that disproportionally affect racial/ethnic minorities in the USA.

Power Dynamics in Community-Based Participatory Research: A Multiple-Case Study Analysis of Partnering Contexts, Histories, and Practices.

Community-based participatory research has a long-term commitment to principles of equity and justice with decades of research showcasing the added value of power-sharing and participatory involvement of community members for achieving health, community capacity, policy, and social justice outcomes. Missing, however, has been a clear articulation of how power operates within partnership practices and the impact of these practices on outcomes. The National Institutes of Health-funded Research for Improved Health study (2009-2013), having surveyed 200 partnerships, then conducted seven in-depth case studies to better understand which partnership practices can best build from community histories of organizing to address inequities. The diverse case studies represented multiple ethnic-racial and other marginalized populations, health issues, and urban and rural areas and regions. Cross-cutting analyses of the qualitative results focus on how oppressive and emancipatory forms of power operate within partnerships in response to oppressive conditions or emancipatory histories of advocacy within communities. The analysis of power was conducted within each of the four domains of the community-based participatory research conceptual model, starting from how contexts shape partnering processes to impact short-term intervention and research outputs, and contribute to outcomes. Similarities and differences in how partnerships leveraged and addressed their unique contexts and histories are presented, with both structural and relational practices that intentionally addressed power relations. These results demonstrate how community members draw from their resilience and strengths to combat histories of injustice and oppression, using partnership principles and practices toward multilevel outcomes that honor community knowledge and leadership, and seek shared power, policy, and community transformation changes, thereby advancing health equity.

Results on stochastic reaction networks with non-mass action kinetics.

In 2010, Anderson, Craciun, and Kurtz showed that if a deterministically modeled reaction network is complex balanced, then the associated stochastic model admits a stationary distribution that is a product of Poissons [1]. That work spurred a number of followup analyses. In 2015, Anderson, Craciun, Gopalkrishnan, and Wiuf considered a particular scaling limit of the stationary distribution detailed in [1], and proved it is a well known Lyapunov function [2]. In 2016, Cappelletti and Wiuf showed the converse of the main result in [1]: if a reaction network with stochastic mass action kinetics admits a stationary distribution that is a product of Poissons, then the deterministic model is complex balanced [3]. In 2017, Anderson, Koyama, Cappelletti, and Kurtz showed that the mass action models considered in [1] are non-explosive (so the stationary distribution characterizes the limiting behavior). In this paper, we generalize each of the three followup results detailed above to the case when the stochastic model has a particular form of non-mass action kinetics.

Three-dimensional assessment of the middle cranial fossa and central skull base following Herbst appliance treatment.

OBJECTIVES:: The purpose of this three-dimensional (3D) study was to assess retrospectively the middle cranial fossa and central skull base of patients treated with the Herbst appliance (HA). MATERIALS AND METHODS:: 3D surface virtual models of 40 Class II, division 1 malocclusion patients were generated from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) acquired before treatment (T0) and after 8 months of HA treatment (T1). T0 and T1 3D models were superimposed volumetrically at the anterior cranial fossa. Twenty subjects who had been treated with the Herbst appliance (HAG) were compared to 20 subjects who were not treated orthopedically. The latter group served as a comparison control group (CG). Quantitative assessments of the location and directional changes were made with linear and angular measurements between anatomical landmarks. Qualitative assessments of the spatial behavior of the middle cranial fossa and central skull base relative to the anterior cranial fossa were displayed graphically for visualization with color maps and semitransparent overlays. Non-parametric tests were performed to compare the between the HAG and CG. RESULTS:: Point-to-point linear measurements and skeletal rotation (pitch, roll, and yaw) changes were very small along the observational period and were not significantly different between HAG and CG. Visual analysis of color maps and overlays confirmed that no changes in the cranial base were associated with HA. CONCLUSIONS:: HA therapy did not produce clinically significant changes in the middle cranial fossa and central skull base.

Impact of Participatory Health Research: A Test of the Community-Based Participatory Research Conceptual Model.

OBJECTIVES: A key challenge in evaluating the impact of community-based participatory research (CBPR) is identifying what mechanisms and pathways are critical for health equity outcomes. Our purpose is to provide an empirical test of the CBPR conceptual model to address this challenge. METHODS: A three-stage quantitative survey was completed: (1) 294 US CBPR projects with US federal funding were identified; (2) 200 principal investigators completed a questionnaire about project-level details; and (3) 450 community or academic partners and principal investigators completed a questionnaire about perceived contextual, process, and outcome variables. Seven in-depth qualitative case studies were conducted to explore elements of the model not captured in the survey; one is presented due to space limitations. RESULTS: We demonstrated support for multiple mechanisms illustrated by the conceptual model using a latent structural equation model. Significant pathways were identified, showing the positive association of context with partnership structures and dynamics. Partnership structures and dynamics showed similar associations with partnership synergy and community involvement in research; both of these had positive associations with intermediate community changes and distal health outcomes. The case study complemented and extended understandings of the mechanisms of how partnerships can improve community conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The CBPR conceptual model is well suited to explain key relational and structural pathways for impact on health equity outcomes.

Chronic disease burden predicts food insecurity among older adults.

OBJECTIVE: Increased out-of-pocket health-care expenditures may exert budget pressure on low-income households that leads to food insecurity. The objective of the present study was to examine whether older adults with higher chronic disease burden are at increased risk of food insecurity. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the 2013 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Health Care and Nutrition Study (HCNS) linked to the 2012 nationally representative HRS. SETTING: USA. SUBJECTS: Respondents of the 2013 HRS HCNS with household incomes <300 % of the federal poverty line (n 3552). Chronic disease burden was categorized by number of concurrent chronic conditions (0-1, 2-4, ≥5 conditions), with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) defined as ≥2 conditions. RESULTS: The prevalence of food insecurity was 27·8 %. Compared with those having 0-1 conditions, respondents with MCC were significantly more likely to report food insecurity, with the adjusted odds ratio for those with 2-4 conditions being 2·12 (95 % CI 1·45, 3·09) and for those with ≥5 conditions being 3·64 (95 % CI 2·47, 5·37). CONCLUSIONS: A heavy chronic disease burden likely exerts substantial pressure on the household budgets of older adults, creating an increased risk for food insecurity. Given the high prevalence of food insecurity among older adults, screening those with MCC for food insecurity in the clinical setting may be warranted in order to refer to community food resources.

The San Francisco Cancer Initiative: A Community Effort To Reduce The Population Burden Of Cancer.

The great potential for reducing the cancer burden and cancer disparities through prevention and early detection is unrealized at the population level. A new community-based coalition, the San Francisco Cancer Initiative (SF CAN), focuses on the city and county of San Francisco, where cancer is the leading cause of death. SF CAN is an integrated, cross-sector collaboration launched in November 2016. It brings together the San Francisco Department of Public Health; the University of California, San Francisco; major health systems; and community coalitions to exert collective impact. Its goals are to reduce the burden of five common cancers-breast, lung and other tobacco-related, prostate, colorectal, and liver-for which there are proven methods of prevention and detection, while reducing known disparities. We describe the infrastructure, coalition building, and early progress of this initiative, which may serve as a model for other municipalities.

Preferences for Depression Help-Seeking Among Vietnamese American Adults.

Culture impacts help-seeking preferences. We examined Vietnamese Americans' help-seeking preferences for depressive symptoms, through a telephone survey (N = 1666). A vignette describing an age- and gender-matched individual with depression was presented, and respondents chose from a list of options and provided open-ended responses about their help-seeking preferences. Results showed that 78.3% would seek professional help, either from a family doctor, a mental health provider, or both; 54.4% preferred to seek help from a family doctor but not from a mental health provider. Most (82.1%) would prefer to talk to family or friends, 62.2% would prefer to look up information, and 50.1% would prefer to get spiritual help. Logistic regression analysis revealed that preferences for non-professional help-seeking options (such as talking to friends or family, looking up information, and getting spiritual help), health care access, and perceived poor health, were associated with increased odds of preferring professional help-seeking. This population-based study of Vietnamese Americans highlight promising channels to deliver education about depression and effective help-seeking resources, particularly the importance of family doctors and social networks. Furthermore, addressing barriers in access to care remains a critical component of promoting professional help-seeking.