Usefulness of oxidative stress biomarkers evaluated in the snout scraping, serum and Peripheral Blood Cells of Crocodylus moreletii from Southeast Campeche for assessment of the toxic impact of PAHs, metals and total phenols.

In this study, we assessed the effects of inorganic and organic pollutants [As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, PAHs (11 compounds) and total phenols] from a panel of biomarkers [O2, H2O2, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl proteins (RCO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total cytochrome P450 activities] evaluated in the Snout Scraping (SS), Serum (S) and Peripheral Blood Cells (PBC) of the Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) inhabiting the reference locality (Lake Mocu) and polluted locality (Champoton River) using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In male crocodiles from the reference site, only H2O2 in PBC was related to levels of fluoranthene on the Keel of Caudal Scales (KCS), but, in females, no association was detected. In contrast, a sex-linked response was detected in specimens from the polluted locality. Levels of benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, pyrene, phenanthrene, acenaphthene, Zn, Cu, and Pb in KCS of the female crocodil were related to the oxidative stress biomarkers on PBC, incluing the total CYP450 activity and levels of O2, H2O2 in serum. However, in male crocodiles, the oxidative stress in SS and in the serum (TBARS, RCO, CAT, GPx), and SOD in PBC was related to As, Pb, Cu, Fe, and benzo[a]pyrene water concentrations and to the burdens of As, Fe, Mn, indeno[1,2,3cd]pyrene in KCS. These results confirm the usefulness of minimal or non-invasive methods of evaluating the oxidative stress response for the environmental monitoring program on the wild Morelet's crocodile that is subject to special protection in Mexican guidelines.

[Imported and non-imported diseases in the immigrant population. A decade of experience from an infectious diseases unit]. / Enfermedades importadas y no importadas en la población inmigrante. Una década de experiencia desde una unidad de enfermedades infecciosas.

INTRODUCTION: Immigration is an inexorable process. Immigrants may suffer infectious diseases commonly seen in our environment, or those more exotic or more prevalent in their own environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was performed including all immigrants see in an Infectious Diseases Unit of a general hospital from June 2001 to May 2010. RESULTS: We studied 1,071 patients from Latin America (n=405, 37.8%), Northern Africa (n=281, 26.2%), Eastern Europe (n=186, 17.4%), sub-Saharan Africa (n=178, 16.6%), and Asia (21, 2.0%). Transmissible infectious diseases were the leading cause of consultation (53.8%), and they were more common among people coming from Northern Africa (61.6%) and Eastern Europe (69.4%) (P=.001). The second reason for consultation was for common infectious diseases (29%). Tropical infectious diseases were diagnosed in 16.4% of the patients, particularly from sub-Saharan Africa (36%), and Latin America (25.9%) (P<.001). The most common diagnoses were latent tuberculous infection (20.8%) [most common in those from Eastern Europe (27.4%) (P=.004)], respiratory tract infection (12.5%), sexually transmitted infections (10.6%) [most common in patients from Northern Africa (17.1%) (P=.004)], chronic hepatitis (10.4%) [most common in patients from Eastern Europe (26.3%) (P<.001) and sub-Saharan Africa (16.9%) (P=.004)], and active tuberculosis (8.7%) [most common in sub-Saharan Africa patients (15.7%) (P=.001)]. CONCLUSIONS: The spectrum of infectious diseases in the immigrant population in our area is broad, and includes a wide variety of tropical and communicable diseases, but also of common infections. While communicable diseases are the leading cause of consultation, common infections constitute an important part of health care activity.

Itraconazol en el tratamiento de dermatomicosis del cuerpo, ingles e interdigital de pies: valoración de la eficacia de una dosis de 200 mg por 7 días / Itraconazole 200 mg orally once daily for seven days in the treatment of tinea corporis, tinea cruris and pedis

Se trataron 62 pacientes entre 14 y 59 años de edad, con diagnóstico de dermatomicosis del cuerpo, crural o interdigital. El tratamiento consistió en la administración de 200 mg de itraconazol por 7 días. En 43 pacientes se tuvieron cultivos positivos, siendo el hongo más frecuente T. rubrum (28 por ciento), seguido por C. albicans (19 por ciento). Se evaluaron los síntomas de eritema, descamación, fisura, prurito y vesículas. Se encuentra diferencia significativa en la mejoría de los síntomas entre el inicio y los 7 días de tratamiento. Al final del estudio se evalúan 25 pacientes como éxito terapéutico, 36 como mejoría marcada y sólo se presenta un fracaso en el tratamiento. Se concluye la eficacia de este plan de tratamiento