BONE HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF ELDERLY PATIENTS UNDERGOING BARIATRIC SURGERY.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery promotes changes in body composition, that can include the loss of bone mineral density (BMD). There is a lack of studies on the evolution of bone health of elderly people who underwent bariatric surgery, in general, and when comparing the gastric bypass (GB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) techniques. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bone health of elderly patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: This is a prospective randomized clinical study, that was carried out with individuals of both sexes, ≥65 years, undergoing GB or SG and who met the inclusion criteria. Age, gender and comorbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and osteoarthrosis) were collected and analyzed at baseline. Anthropometric data (weight, body mass index, percentage of weight loss, percentage of excess weight loss), laboratory tests related to bone health and bone mineral density were analyzed before and 24 months after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients (GB, n=18; SG, n=18) were evaluated. At baseline, except for sex and preoperative body mass index, which was higher in GB, groups were similar. After 24 months, GB was superior for weight loss (%WL) and excess weight loss (%EWL). Regarding bone health, a significant decrease of BMD was observed in the spine, total proximal femur and femoral neck in all groups, with an average decrease of 5.1%, 10.5% and 15.1%, respectively. In addition, the observed decrease in BMD was up to 25% in the total femur after 24 months, six patients went from normal BMD to osteopenia and one from osteopenia to osteoporosis. There was no difference in parathormone values. However, there was an association between the increase in parathormone and the decrease in BMD in the spine, mainly in the GB group. There was no association between %WL and %EWL with the reduction in BMD. CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery was related to the reduction of BMD in elderly patients, but there was no statistical difference between the two surgical techniques.

Avaliação da saúde óssea de pacientes idosos submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica / Bone health assessment of elderly patients undergoing bariatric surgery

ABSTRACT Background: Bariatric surgery promotes changes in body composition, that can include the loss of bone mineral density (BMD). There is a lack of studies on the evolution of bone health of elderly people who underwent bariatric surgery, in general, and when comparing the gastric bypass (GB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) techniques. Objective: To evaluate the bone health of elderly patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Methods: This is a prospective randomized clinical study, that was carried out with individuals of both sexes, ≥65 years, undergoing GB or SG and who met the inclusion criteria. Age, gender and comorbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and osteoarthrosis) were collected and analyzed at baseline. Anthropometric data (weight, body mass index, percentage of weight loss, percentage of excess weight loss), laboratory tests related to bone health and bone mineral density were analyzed before and 24 months after surgery. Results: A total of 36 patients (GB, n=18; SG, n=18) were evaluated. At baseline, except for sex and preoperative body mass index, which was higher in GB, groups were similar. After 24 months, GB was superior for weight loss (%WL) and excess weight loss (%EWL). Regarding bone health, a significant decrease of BMD was observed in the spine, total proximal femur and femoral neck in all groups, with an average decrease of 5.1%, 10.5% and 15.1%, respectively. In addition, the observed decrease in BMD was up to 25% in the total femur after 24 months, six patients went from normal BMD to osteopenia and one from osteopenia to osteoporosis. There was no difference in parathormone values. However, there was an association between the increase in parathormone and the decrease in BMD in the spine, mainly in the GB group. There was no association between %WL and %EWL with the reduction in BMD. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery was related to the reduction of BMD in elderly patients, but there was no statistical difference between the two surgical techniques.

RESUMO Contexto: A cirurgia bariátrica promove mudanças na composição corporal, que incluem a perda de densidade mineral óssea (DMO). Faltam estudos que avaliem a evolução da saúde óssea de idosos que foram submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica, e sobre eventuais diferenças nessa evolução, quando comparadas as técnicas Bypass gástrico (BP) e gastrectomia vertical (GV). Objetivo: Avaliar a saúde óssea de pacientes idosos com obesidade submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo prospectivo randomizado, realizado com indivíduos de ambos os sexos, ≥65 anos, submetidos a BP ou GV e que atendiam os critérios de inclusão. Idade, sexo e comorbidades (diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia e osteoartrose) foram coletados no momento da cirurgia bariátrica. Dados antropométricos (peso, índice de massa corporal, percentual de perda de peso, percentual de excesso de peso), exames laboratoriais relacionados a saúde óssea e densitometria óssea foram realizados antes e com 24 meses de pós-operatório. A evolução das variáveis estudadas foi feita comparando o pré e pós-operatório da casuística como um todo e dos grupos separadamente e entre si. Resultados: Um total de 36 pacientes (BP, n=18; GV, n=18) foram avaliados. As características basais da amostra, exceto pelo sexo e índice de massa corporal, que era maior no BP, foram homogêneas. Após 24 meses, o BP foi superior para perda de peso (%PP) e perda de excesso de peso (%PEP). Quanto à saúde óssea, observou-se uma diminuição significante da DMO na coluna, fêmur proximal total e colo do fêmur em ambos os grupos, com uma média de queda de 5,1%, 10,5% e 15,1%, respectivamente. Além disso, a queda da DMO observada foi de até 25% no fêmur total após 24 meses, seis pacientes passaram de DMO normal para osteopenia e um de osteopenia para osteoporose. Não houve diferença nos valores de paratormônio. Entretanto, houve associação entre o aumento do paratormônio e a redução da DMO na coluna, particularmente no grupo BP. Não foi observado associação entre %PP e %PEP com a redução da DMO. Conclusão: A cirurgia bariátrica se relacionou com a redução da DMO, porém sem diferença estatística entre as duas técnicas cirúrgicas.

The Edmonton Obesity Staging System: assessing a potential tool to improve the management of obesity surgery in the Brazilian public health services.

BACKGROUND: Limited access to publicly funded, insurance-covered, and self-paid obesity surgery is a reality worldwide. Waiting lists for procedures are usually based on chronologic criteria and body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity categorization. Obesity classification systems assess overall health and have been proposed as an alternative. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between BMI-based classification and the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) to support current evidence that the assessment of the clinical severity of obesity could be a helpful tool to maximize access to surgery. SETTING: University hospital, Brazil. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all 2011 to 2014 adult patients who underwent obesity surgery under the public health system. Data on sex, age, presurgical BMI, and co-morbidities were extracted from hospital records. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess the strength and direction of the relationship between BMI classification and EOSS. RESULTS: Of 565 patients, 79% were female, mean age 44.1 ± 10.9 years and mean BMI 46.9 ± 6.2 kg/m2. The most common EOSS stage was 2 (86.5%), followed by stages 3 (8.5%) and 1 (4.9%). There was no correlation between the severity of obesity measured by BMI and EOSS (ρ = -.030, P = .475). Older patients had higher Edmonton scores (ρ = .308, P < .001). No difference was observed regarding sex. CONCLUSIONS: No correlation was found between EOSS and BMI and between these and sex. Age correlated with both obesity indicators. EOSS was reproducible in Brazilian surgical patients and may be an important tool from a health services perspective contributing to the more efficient use of limited resources for obesity surgery.

BARIATRIC SURGERY AND BINGE EATING DISORDER: SHOULD SURGEONS CARE ABOUT IT? A LITERATURE REVIEW OF PREVALENCE AND ASSESSMENT TOOLS.

BACKGROUND: Eating pathologies among bariatric surgery candidates are common and associated with adverse surgical outcomes, including weight regain and low quality of life. However, their assessment is made difficult by the great variety and inconsistent use of standardized measures. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) in presurgical patients and to make a critical appraisal of assessment tools for BED. METHODS: A search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 1994 to March 2017. Data were extracted, tabulated and summarized using a narrative approach. RESULTS: A total of 21 observational studies were reviewed for data extraction and analysis. Prevalence of BED in bariatric populations ranged from 2% to 53%. Considerable variation in patient characteristics and in BED assessment measures was evident among the studies. In addition, several methodological weaknesses were recognized in most of the studies. Ten different psychometric instruments were used to assess BED. Clinical interviews were used in only 12 studies, though this is the preferred tool to diagnose BED. CONCLUSION: Study heterogeneity accounted for the variability of the results from different centers and methodological flaws such as insufficient sample size and selection bias impaired the evidence on the magnitude of BED in surgical settings. For the sake of comparability and generalizability of the findings in future studies, researchers must recruit representative samples of treatment-seeking candidates for bariatric surgery and systematically apply standard instruments for the assessment of BED.

Cirurgia bariátrica e transtorno de compulsão alimentar: os cirurgiões devem se preocupar com isso? Uma revisão da literatura sobre a prevalência e os métodos de diagnóstico / Bariatric surgery and binge eating disorder: should surgeons care about it? a literature review of prevalence and assessment tools

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Eating pathologies among bariatric surgery candidates are common and associated with adverse surgical outcomes, including weight regain and low quality of life. However, their assessment is made difficult by the great variety and inconsistent use of standardized measures. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) in presurgical patients and to make a critical appraisal of assessment tools for BED. METHODS: A search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 1994 to March 2017. Data were extracted, tabulated and summarized using a narrative approach. RESULTS: A total of 21 observational studies were reviewed for data extraction and analysis. Prevalence of BED in bariatric populations ranged from 2% to 53%. Considerable variation in patient characteristics and in BED assessment measures was evident among the studies. In addition, several methodological weaknesses were recognized in most of the studies. Ten different psychometric instruments were used to assess BED. Clinical interviews were used in only 12 studies, though this is the preferred tool to diagnose BED. CONCLUSION: Study heterogeneity accounted for the variability of the results from different centers and methodological flaws such as insufficient sample size and selection bias impaired the evidence on the magnitude of BED in surgical settings. For the sake of comparability and generalizability of the findings in future studies, researchers must recruit representative samples of treatment-seeking candidates for bariatric surgery and systematically apply standard instruments for the assessment of BED.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Os transtornos alimentares entre os candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica são comuns e estão associados a resultados cirúrgicos adversos, incluindo recuperação de peso e baixa qualidade de vida. No entanto, sua avaliação é difícil pela grande variedade e uso inconsistente de métodos de avaliação padronizados. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta revisão foi sintetizar o conhecimento atual sobre a prevalência do transtorno de compulsão alimentar (TCA) em pacientes pré-cirúrgicos e fazer uma avaliação crítica dos instrumentos de avaliação para TCA. MÉTODOS: A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science de janeiro de 1994 a março de 2017. Os dados foram extraídos, tabulados e resumidos usando uma abordagem narrativa. RESULTADOS: Um total de 21 estudos observacionais foram revisados para extração e análise de dados. A prevalência de TCA nas populações bariátricas variou de 2% a 53%. Variações consideráveis nas características dos pacientes e nas medidas de avaliação do TCA foram evidentes entre os estudos. Além disso, várias fragilidades metodológicas na maioria dos estudos foram reconhecidas. Estudos utilizaram 10 diferentes instrumentos psicométricos para avaliar a TCA. Entrevistas clínicas foram utilizadas em 12 estudos, embora seja a ferramenta preferencial para diagnosticar o TCA. CONCLUSÃO: A heterogeneidade dos estudos foi responsável pela variabilidade dos resultados nos diferentes centros e falhas metodológicas, como tamanho insuficiente da amostra e viés de seleção, prejudicaram a estimativa da magnitude do TCA em cenários cirúrgicos. Para fins de comparabilidade e generalização dos achados em estudos futuros, os pesquisadores devem recrutar amostras representativas de candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica e fazer a aplicação sistemática de instrumentos padronizados para a avaliação do TCA.

Assessment of Weight Loss With the Intragastric Balloon in Patients With Different Degrees of Obesity.

INTRODUCTION: The intragastric balloon (IGB) is an endoscopic device for the treatment of obesity. Best results are observed in patients who follow a dietary program but few studies have assessed the results of this treatment in patients with different degrees of obesity. AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of IGB in patients with different degrees of obesity. METHOD: A total of 2002 patients with IGB were retrospectively evaluated and were divided into groups according to initial body mass index (BMI) range, as follows: group 1, 27 to 29.9 kg/m; group 2, 30 to 34.9 kg/m; group 3, 35 to 39.9 kg/m; group 4, 40 to 44.9 kg/m; group 5, ≥45 kg/m. Weight was assessed in 3 different times: before (T0), 1 month (T1), 6 months (T2), and 6 months after removal of the IGB (T3). RESULTS: A total of 946 patients lost follow-up. Overall, 40 (3.78%) removed the device before programmed by intolerance, and 1016 patients completed the 6-month treatment. The mean weight loss was 18.9%, excess weight loss 60.1% and an BMI reduction of 6.76 points. 6 months after removal of the balloon 842 patients had continued follow-up (82.8%). At this time, weight loss was 19.84%, excess weight loss was 59.49%, and BMI reduction of 7.06 points. In all groups there was statistical difference between the times T0 and T1 and between T1 and T2 (P<0.001). There was no statistical difference between T2 and T3, in any group. CONCLUSION: IGB provided sustained weight loss in patients who remained in dietary follow-up for 1 year.

Functional assessment of older obese patients candidates for bariatric surgery.

CONTEXT: Obesity in the elderly is associated with exacerbation of functional decline (dependency), that occurs with aging, because of decreased muscle mass and strength, and increased joint dysfunction. Consequently, there is progressive loss of independence, autonomy, chronic pain and impaired quality of life. The weight loss can bring benefits in all these aspects, especially when accompanied by exercises. Elderly patients with morbid obesity may be submitted to surgical treatment, taking into account that the massive weight loss, eventually caused by bariatric surgery, may exacerbate the loss of muscle mass and nutritional complications that may bring harm to the overall health and quality of life of these patients. The functional assessment of elderly patients, candidates for bariatric surgery and the extent to which surgery can bring benefits to the patients, in the field of functionality, has still to be determined. OBJECTIVE: To describe profile functionality in obese elderly referred to a bariatric surgery program. METHODS: Patients with age ≥ 60 and BMI ≥ 35 underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment that evaluates co morbidities, medication use, ability to perform basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, and the "Timedupandgo" test to evaluate mobility, whose cut-off point was ≤ 10 seconds. Statistical analysis was performed in order to see if there is a positive correlation of dependency with BMI and age (over or under 65 years). Results Forty subjects have completed evaluation. The mean age was 64.1 years (60-72) and 75% were women. They had an average weight of 121.1 kg (72.7-204) and a mean BMI of 47.2 kg/m2 (35.8-68.9). 16 patients (40%) have shown dependency for activities of daily living, 19 (47,5%) for instrumental activities of daily living and 20 patients (50%) had a "Timedupandgo" test over 10 seconds. Statistical analysis (t-Student, Mann-Whitney, Binary Logistic Regression) has shown positive correlation of dependency in activities of daily living for BMI >49 kg/m2, dependency in instrumental activities of daily living for BMI >46,5 kg/m2, and "Timedupandgo" test greater than 10 seconds for BMI >51 kg/m2 (P<0,05). No dependency difference was observed for patients over or under 65 years age. CONCLUSIONS: Functional decline is observed in almost half of the morbid obese patients over 60 years old. It is related to increasing BMI (BMI >46,5 kg/m2) but not related to age (60 to 65 years or over 65 years). Functional decline should be considered a co-morbidity in the elderly obese patients and should be assessed before bariatric surgery in this population.

Functional assessment of older obese patients candidates for bariatric surgery / Avaliação funcional de pacientes idosos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica

Context Obesity in the elderly is associated with exacerbation of functional decline (dependency), that occurs with aging, because of decreased muscle mass and strength, and increased joint dysfunction. Consequently, there is progressive loss of independence, autonomy, chronic pain and impaired quality of life. The weight loss can bring benefits in all these aspects, especially when accompanied by exercises. Elderly patients with morbid obesity may be submitted to surgical treatment, taking into account that the massive weight loss, eventually caused by bariatric surgery, may exacerbate the loss of muscle mass and nutritional complications that may bring harm to the overall health and quality of life of these patients. The functional assessment of elderly patients, candidates for bariatric surgery and the extent to which surgery can bring benefits to the patients, in the field of functionality, has still to be determined. Objective To describe profile functionality in obese elderly referred to a bariatric surgery program. Methods Patients with age ≥60 and BMI ≥35 underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment that evaluates co morbidities, medication use, ability to perform basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, and the “Timedupandgo” test to evaluate mobility, whose cut-off point was ≤10 seconds. Statistical analysis was performed in order to see if there is a positive correlation of dependency with BMI and age (over or under 65 years). Results Forty subjects have completed evaluation. The mean age was 64.1 years (60-72) and 75% were women. They had an average weight of 121.1 kg (72.7-204) and a mean BMI of 47.2 kg/m2 (35.8-68.9). 16 patients (40%) have shown dependency for activities of daily living, 19 (47,5%) for instrumental activities of daily living and 20 patients (50%) had a “Timedupandgo” test over 10 seconds. Statistical analysis (t-Student, ...

Contexto A obesidade em idosos está associada ao maior comprometimento da funcionalidade, que ocorre com o envelhecimento e em decorrência de perda de massa e força muscular, além de disfunção articular. Como consequência, há perda progressiva de autonomia, dor crônica, diminuição de qualidade de vida e dependência progressiva. A perda de peso pode trazer benefícios em todos esses aspectos, principalmente quando acompanhada de exercícios físicos. Pacientes idosos com obesidade mórbida podem ser submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico, levando-se em consideração que a perda de peso maciça, proporcionada pela cirurgia bariátrica, pode agravar a perda de massa muscular e trazer complicações nutricionais que poderão prejudicar a saúde global e a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. A avaliação funcional de pacientes idosos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica e, em que medida a cirurgia pode trazer benefícios ao paciente no campo da funcionalidade ainda precisam ser determinadas. Objetivos Objetivo - O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil de funcionalidade de pacientes idosos em um programa de cirurgia bariátrica. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou por meio de entrevista, exame físico, exames laboratoriais e revisão de prontuários pacientes com obesidade graus II e III, candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica, com 60 anos ou mais. A análise incluiu peso, IMC, presença de comorbidades mais comuns, utilização de medicações para doenças crônicas e testes funcionais. Para os últimos foram utilizados questionários de avaliação de atividades diárias, atividades diárias instrumentalizadas e o teste “Timeupandgo” que avalia mobilidade, cujo tempo de corte é de até ...