Assessment of color changes and adverse effects of over-the-counter bleaching protocols: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess color change efficacy and the adverse effects of varied over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching protocols. METHODOLOGY: The study included randomized clinical trials evaluating color changes from OTC bleaching agents. Nine databases were searched, including the partial capture of the grey literature. The RoB2 tool analyzed the individual risk of bias in the studies. Frequentist network meta-analyses compared treatments through common comparators (∆Eab* and ∆SGU color changes, and tooth sensitivity), integrating direct and indirect estimates and using the mean and risk differences as effect measures with respective 95% confidence intervals. The GRADE approach assessed the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS: Overall, 37 remaining studies constituted the qualitative analysis, and ten composed the meta-analyses. The total sample included 1,932 individuals. ∆Eab* was significantly higher in groups 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP) strips (≥ 14 h). ∆SGU was significantly higher in groups at-home 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) (≥ 14 h), followed by 6% HP strips (≥ 14 h) and 3% HP strips (≥ 14 h). At-home 10% CP (7-13 h) and placebo showed lower risks of tooth sensitivity without significant differences between these treatments. CONCLUSION: Considering the low level of evidence, OTC products presented satisfactory short-term effects on tooth bleaching compared to the placebo, with little to no impact on dentin hypersensitivity and gingival irritation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: OTC products are proving to be practical alternatives for tooth whitening. However, patients should be advised about the possible risks of carrying out such procedures without professional supervision.

Analysis of the access of pregnant women to the first programmatic dental appointment: an ecological study.

To plan and evaluate public health policies, it is important to understand the influence of social factors on the quality and access to dental care. This study aimed to verify the potential association between the indicators of pregnant women receiving dental care and the social and health care indicators of cities in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. A cross-sectional ecological study was performed with secondary data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Health Care Department of the Ministry of Health regarding the cities of Minas Gerais. The study analyzed three health care indicators (such as more than six prenatal, the proportion of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus tests, and oral health coverage) and four social indicators (average monthly wage, illiteracy rate, proportion of employed population, and rate of adequate sanitary sewerage). Bivariate analysis (Mann-Whitney test) and logistic regression were performed using Jamovi software. All of the indicators analyzed were associated with the access of pregnant women to dental care. However, in the regression models, only health care indicators remained statistically significant. Thus, although social indicators are associated with the access of pregnant women to dental appointments, access to primary health care and the teamwork of primary health care teams may overcome social inequality in the access of pregnant women to dental care.

Analysis of the access of pregnant women to the first programmatic dental appointment: an ecological study

Abstract To plan and evaluate public health policies, it is important to understand the influence of social factors on the quality and access to dental care. This study aimed to verify the potential association between the indicators of pregnant women receiving dental care and the social and health care indicators of cities in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. A cross-sectional ecological study was performed with secondary data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Health Care Department of the Ministry of Health regarding the cities of Minas Gerais. The study analyzed three health care indicators (such as more than six prenatal, the proportion of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus tests, and oral health coverage) and four social indicators (average monthly wage, illiteracy rate, proportion of employed population, and rate of adequate sanitary sewerage). Bivariate analysis (Mann-Whitney test) and logistic regression were performed using Jamovi software. All of the indicators analyzed were associated with the access of pregnant women to dental care. However, in the regression models, only health care indicators remained statistically significant. Thus, although social indicators are associated with the access of pregnant women to dental appointments, access to primary health care and the teamwork of primary health care teams may overcome social inequality in the access of pregnant women to dental care.

Associação de fatores sociais e orçamentários ao acesso ao cuidado em saúde bucal de grandes municípios brasileiros: um estudo ecológico / Association of social and budgetary factors with access to oral health care in large Brazilian municipalities: an ecological study

Objetivo: Analisar a associação do acesso a ações preventivas em saúde bucal e do tratamento mutilador, ofertado pelos serviços públicos de grandes municípios brasileiros, com as suas características sociais e a composição orçamentária. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo ecológico com dados secundários de 323 municípios brasileiros com mais de 100 mil habitantes. As variáveis selecionadas para estudo foram os indicadores sociais (desigualdade social, renda, trabalho, escolaridade, infraestrutura sanitária), indicadores orçamentários (capacidade arrecadatória, dependência de recursos federais) e indicadores de saúde bucal (cobertura de equipes básicas de saúde bucal, acesso a ações preventivas e acesso a tratamento mutilador). Os dados dos indicadores de saúde bucal foram dicotomizados entre municípios com maior e menor acesso às ações preventivas ou ao tratamento mutilador. A associação das variáveis dependentes foi testada por meio de testes bivariados e regressão logística. Resultados: Um maior acesso às ações preventivas foi observado nos municípios com melhores condições sociais e orçamentárias. Por outro lado, um maior acesso ao tratamento mutilador foi observado em municípios com condições sociais orçamentárias inferiores. Conclusão: Apenas a infraestrutura sanitária e cobertura de equipes básicas de saúde bucal se mantiveram associados ao acesso às ações preventivas, enquanto o indicador de desigualdade social manteve-se associado ao tratamento mutilador. Descritores: indicadores sociais; disparidades nos níveis de saúde; mensuração das desigualdades em saúde; financiamento governamental.Associação de fatores sociais e orçamentários ao acesso ao cuidado em saúde bucal de grandes municípios brasileiros: um estudo ecológico

Aim: To analyze the correlation of access to preventive oral health measures and mutilating treatment, offered by the public health system of large Brazilian municipalities, considering social conditions and budgetary compositions. Methods:An ecological study was carried out with secondary data from 323 Brazilian municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. The variables selected for the study were social indicators (social inequality, income, work, education, sanitary infrastructure); budget indicators (collection capacity, dependence on federal resources); and oral health indicators (coverage of basic oral health teams, access to preventive actions, and access to mutilating treatment). Oral health indicators were dichotomized between municipalities with higher and lower access to preventive oral health measures and mutilating treatment. The association of dependent variables was tested using bivariate tests and logistic regression. Results: Higher access to preventive measures was observed in municipalities with better social and budgetary conditions. By contrast, higher access to mutilating treatment was observed in municipalities with lower social budgetary conditions. Conclusion: Only health infrastructure and coverage of basic oral health teams remained associated with access to preventive actions, while the indicator of social inequality remained associated with mutilating treatment.

Analysis of financial resources for public health in Brazilian capitals: a time trend ecological study.

This study aimed to analyze part of the financial resources used to fund public health actions in the 26-Brazilian capitals, from 2008 to 2018. This is a time-trend ecological study involving revenue and expenditure indicators provided by the Information System on Public Budget for Health (SIOPS). The values were deflated based on the Extended National Consumer Price Index of 2018 in Brazil to allow the comparison over the years. The mean annual variation of health investments, in Brazilian Reais (BRL) was assessed using linear regressions. Pearson's correlation coefficients were estimated between federal revenues and expenditures with the capitals' resources. All capitals presented statistically significant positive correlations for the origin of the budget resource invested in health. The lowest coefficient was found in the capital city of Macapá (Amapá State) (r = 0.860) and the highest, in Fortaleza (Ceará State) (r = 0.997). Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais State) was the capital with the highest annual increase in federal transfers (about BRL 67.91 per year) and Teresina (Piauí State) presented the highest annual increase in health expenditures among the capitals (about BRL 55.42 per year). We found a increase in the transfers of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) and municipal resources in almost all capitals, but there are still inequalities in the distribution of financial resources among Brazilian capitals from different regions. Health funding is affected by the municipalization of SUS and it is not the single factor affecting the access and quality of health services.

Analysis of financial resources for public health in Brazilian capitals: a time trend ecological study / Análise de recursos financeiros para saúde pública nas capitais brasileiras: um estudo ecológico de tendências temporais / Análisis de recursos financieros para la salud pública en capitales brasileñas: un estudio ecológico de tendencia temporal

This study aimed to analyze part of the financial resources used to fund public health actions in the 26-Brazilian capitals, from 2008 to 2018. This is a time-trend ecological study involving revenue and expenditure indicators provided by the Information System on Public Budget for Health (SIOPS). The values were deflated based on the Extended National Consumer Price Index of 2018 in Brazil to allow the comparison over the years. The mean annual variation of health investments, in Brazilian Reais (BRL) was assessed using linear regressions. Pearson's correlation coefficients were estimated between federal revenues and expenditures with the capitals' resources. All capitals presented statistically significant positive correlations for the origin of the budget resource invested in health. The lowest coefficient was found in the capital city of Macapá (Amapá State) (r = 0.860) and the highest, in Fortaleza (Ceará State) (r = 0.997). Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais State) was the capital with the highest annual increase in federal transfers (about BRL 67.91 per year) and Teresina (Piauí State) presented the highest annual increase in health expenditures among the capitals (about BRL 55.42 per year). We found a increase in the transfers of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) and municipal resources in almost all capitals, but there are still inequalities in the distribution of financial resources among Brazilian capitals from different regions. Health funding is affected by the municipalization of SUS and it is not the single factor affecting the access and quality of health services.

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar parte dos recursos utilizados para financiar ações de saúde pública nas 26 capitais brasileiras entre 2008 e 2018. O estudo ecológico de tendências temporais envolveu indicadores de receitas e gastos fornecidos pelo Sistema de Informação sobre Orçamento Público em Saúde (SIOPS). Os valores foram deflacionados com base no Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo de 2018 no Brasil para permitir a comparação ao longo dos anos. A variação anual média dos investimentos em saúde, em Reais (BRL), foi avaliada com o uso de regressões lineares. Os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson foram estimados entre as receitas e gastos federais com os recursos das capitais. Todas as capitais apresentaram correlações estatisticamente positivas com a origem do recurso orçamentário investido em saúde. O menor coeficiente foi encontrado na cidade de Macapá (Amapá) (r = 0,860), e o mais alto em Fortaleza (Ceará) (r = 0.997). Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais) foi a capital com o maior aumento anual em transferências federais (cerca de BRL 67,91 por ano) e Teresina (Piauí) apresentou o maior aumento anual nos gastos em saúde (cerca de BRL 55,42 por ano). Houve um aumento real nas transferências no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e nos recursos municipais em quase todas as capitais, mas ainda persistem desigualdades na distribuição dos recursos financeiros entre as capitais brasileiras das cinco regiões. O financiamento da saúde é afetado pela municipalização do SUS, e não é o único fator que afeta o acesso e a qualidade dos serviços de saúde.

El objetivo fue analizar la parte de recursos financieros utilizados para financiar acciones de salud públicas en 26 capitales brasileñas, entre 2008 y 2018. Se trata de un estudio ecológico de tendencia temporal, implicando indicadores de ingresos y gastos proporcionados por el Sistema de Información sobre el Presupuesto Público para Salud (SIOPS). Se deflactaron los valores basados en el Índice de Precios al Consumidor, ampliado de 2018 en Brasil, para permitir la comparación a lo largo de los años. La variación anual media de inversiones en salud, en Reales brasileños (BRL), fue evaluada usando regresiones lineales. Se estimaron los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson entre los ingresos y gastos federales, respecto a los recursos de las capitales. Todas las capitales presentaron estadísticamente correlaciones positivas significativas respecto a la fuente presupuestaria originaria invertida en salud. El coeficiente más bajo se encontró en la capital de Macapá (Amapá) (r = 0.860) y el más alto en Fortaleza (Ceará) (r = 0.997). Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais) fue la capital con el incremento anual más alto en transferencias federales (cerca de BRL 67.91 por año) y Teresina (Piauí) presentó el incremento anual más alto en gastos de salud entre todas las capitales (sobre BRL 55.42 por año). Hubo un incremento real de transferencias en el Sistema Único de Salud brasileño (SUS), así como recursos municipales en casi todas las capitales, pero existen todavía inequidades en la distribución de recursos financieros entre las capitales brasileñas de diferentes regiones. La financiación de la salud está afectada por la municipalización del SUS, y no es el único factor que afecta al acceso y calidad de los servicios de salud.

Quality of life of Family Health Strategy professionals: a systematic review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Individuals' quality of working life and motivation are directly related to their satisfaction and wellbeing. Although studies on the quality of life of family health workers have been conducted, there are none correlating these professionals' wellbeing with this work model. OBJECTIVE: To review the scientific literature in order to identify the levels of quality of life, in their dimensions, of Family Health Strategy workers. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of observational studies developed through a partnership between two postgraduate schools (Piracicaba and Uberlândia). METHODS: The review followed the PRISMA recommendations and was registered in the PROSPERO database. Ten databases were used, including the "grey literature". Two evaluators selected the eligible studies, collected the data and assessed the risk of biases, independently. The JBI tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A complementary statistical analysis was conducted on the means and standard deviations of the results from the WHOQOL-100 and WHOQOL-bref questionnaires. RESULTS: The initial search presented 1,744 results, from which eight were included in the qualitative analysis. The studies were published between 2007 and 2018. The total sample included 1,358 answered questionnaires. All the studies presented low risk of bias. The complementary analysis showed that the environmental factor (mean score 56.12 ± 2.33) had the most influence on the quality of life of community health workers, while physical health (mean score 14.29 ± 0.21) had the most influence on graduate professionals. CONCLUSION: Professionals working within the Family Health Strategy had dimensions of quality of life that varied according to their professional category.

Quality of life of Family Health Strategy professionals: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Individuals' quality of working life and motivation are directly related to their satisfaction and wellbeing. Although studies on the quality of life of family health workers have been conducted, there are none correlating these professionals' wellbeing with this work model. OBJECTIVE: To review the scientific literature in order to identify the levels of quality of life, in their dimensions, of Family Health Strategy workers. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of observational studies developed through a partnership between two postgraduate schools (Piracicaba and Uberlândia). METHODS: The review followed the PRISMA recommendations and was registered in the PROSPERO database. Ten databases were used, including the "grey literature". Two evaluators selected the eligible studies, collected the data and assessed the risk of biases, independently. The JBI tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A complementary statistical analysis was conducted on the means and standard deviations of the results from the WHOQOL-100 and WHOQOL-bref questionnaires. RESULTS: The initial search presented 1,744 results, from which eight were included in the qualitative analysis. The studies were published between 2007 and 2018. The total sample included 1,358 answered questionnaires. All the studies presented low risk of bias. The complementary analysis showed that the environmental factor (mean score 56.12 ± 2.33) had the most influence on the quality of life of community health workers, while physical health (mean score 14.29 ± 0.21) had the most influence on graduate professionals. CONCLUSION: Professionals working within the Family Health Strategy had dimensions of quality of life that varied according to their professional category.

Assessment of dental age estimation methods applied to Brazilian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To review the scientific literature of studies on dental age estimation methods applied to Brazilian children. METHODS: A systematic literature review was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020136170). Six scientific databases were used as primary search sources (PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, Embase and Web of Science) and two databases (Open Grey and Open Thesis) were searched to partially select the "grey literature." Only cross-sectional studies were included. The risk of bias was assessed by means of Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for Systematic Reviews. The standardized mean difference (SMD) between the estimated dental and chronological ages was meta-analysed via random effects model. RESULTS: The search resulted in 2,527 studies, from which 13 met the eligibility criteria. Out of the eligible studies, 76.92% had low risk of bias and high methodological quality. Ten studies provided proper information to be included in the meta-analysis.The methods and their SMD between estimated and chronological ages were: Willems'=0.05, Lilequist and Lundberg's = -0.11, Nolla's = 0.22, Mornstad's = 0.27, Cameriere's = -0.31, Demirjian's = 0.74 and Haavikko's = -0.87. CONCLUSION: Although originally trained in populations worldwide, most of the international methods for radiographical dental age estimation had optimal performance in Brazilian children.

Assessment of the stresses produced on the bone implant/tissue interface to the different insertion angulations of the implant - a three-dimensional analysis by the finite elements method.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to assess the stresses produced on the surface of the bone tissue around dental implants with three different insertion angulations subjected to axial and oblique loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was created according to the recommendations of the Checklist for Reporting In-vitro Studies (CRIS). The Straumann™ bone level RC (4.1 x 10 mm) implant, Cone Morse connection (CM), RC Straumann Variobase™ with abutment (3.5 mm) was placed in the region of element 16, with the platform positioned at the height of the bone crest. Three assessment models were produced: model M1 or control - implant perpendicular to the bone crest; model M2 - implant angulated at 17° relative to the bone crest; and model M3 - implant angulated at 30° relative to the bone crest. The masticatory loads were simulated with 100 N of intensity and two loading patterns (axial and oblique) were applied to each model. Then, the models were exported to the finite elements simulation software Ansys Workbench V19.2 (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA). To assess the finite elements, qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. RESULTS: It was observed that, under axial loading, qualitatively, the peaks occurred in the cavosurface region, palatal aspect in M1 and M2, and buccal aspect in M3. Quantitatively, the greatest angulation resulted in a low stress peak. Under oblique loading, qualitatively, the peaks occurred in the cavosurface region, buccal aspect in the three groups. Quantitatively, the greatest angulation of the implant resulted in an increase in stress peaks on the buccal aspect. CONCLUSIONS: Under axial loading, the three insertion angulations of the implant - M1, M2, and M3 - were clinically viable. When subjected to oblique loading, the 30° angulation (M3) suggested a significant risk of bone loss and it was contraindicated. Key words:Finite element analysis, dental implants, load support.

Assessment of carvacrol paste as endodontic medication associated with laser photobiomodulation in tissue repair: an experimental study in rats / Avaliação da pasta de carvacrol como medicação endodôntica associada à fotobiomodulação a laser no reparo: um estudo experimental em ratos

This study aimed to analyze the tissue reaction caused by carvacrol paste associated or not with laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) at λ660 nm in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into four groups and they received the following interventions: subcutaneous implantation of empty polyethylene tubes (CTR), implantation of tubes containing carvacrol paste (CVC), implantation of empty tubes and LPBM (LLLT), and implantation of tubes containing carvacrol paste and LPBM (CVCLT). The animals were euthanized at three, eight, and 15 days after surgery. The inflammatory reaction and fibroplasia were analyzed histomorphometrically. Significant differences among the groups were determined by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). In the 3-day period, the CVCLT group had low inflammatory infiltration (p<0.01). In the 8- and 15-day periods, the LLLT and CVCLT groups presented a low amount of lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate (p<0.01 and p<0.05). Regarding the formation of fibrous tissue, the CVC group had the highest formation of type III collagen in the 8-day period (p<0.001). In the 15-day period, the CVCLT group had a lower formation of type I collagen than the CTR and LLLT groups (p<0.05). The use of the carvacrol paste associated with photobiomodulation optimizes the inflammatory period and tissue repair.

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a reação tecidual causada pela pasta de carvacrol associada ou não à fotobiomodulação a laser (LPBM) a λ660 nm no tecido subcutâneo de ratos. Sessenta ratos Wistar foram divididos em quatro grupos e receberam as seguintes intervenções: implantação subcutânea de tubos de polietileno vazios (CTR); implantação de tubos contendo pasta de carvacrol (CVC); implantação de tubos vazios e LPBM (LLLT); implantação de tubos contendo pasta de carvacrol e LPBM (CVCLT). Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 03, 08 e 15 dias após a cirurgia. A reação inflamatória e a fibroplasia foram analisadas histologicamente. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos foram determinadas pelo teste ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). No período de três dias, o grupo CVCLT apresentou menor infiltração inflamatória (p<0,01). No período de 8 e 15 dias, os grupos LLLT e CVCLT apresentaram menor quantidade de infiltrado inflamatório linfocitário (p<0,01 e p<0,05). Em relação à formação de tecido fibroso, o grupo CVC apresentou maior formação de colágeno tipo III no período de 8 dias (p<0,001). No período de 15 dias, o grupo CVCLT apresentou menor formação de colágeno tipo I em relação aos grupos CTR e LLLT (p<0,05). O uso da pasta de carvacrol associado à fotobiomodulação a laser otimiza o período inflamatório e o reparo tecidual.

Assessment of health technical efficiency in the cities of the Rota dos Bandeirantes health region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. / Avaliação da eficiência técnica em saúde dos municípios da região de saúde Rota dos Bandeirantes do estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

Although administrators unanimously agree that the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) is underfunded, it is also unanimous that there are problems in the efficiency of expenditures management. From this perspective, this study assessed the health technical efficiency in the seven cities of the Rota dos Bandeirantes health region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2009 to 2012, through the Health Technical Efficiency Index. This index includes structure and results indicators, mainly from the goals and indicators agreement system, and it is collected from the database of the SUS Informatics Department. It was identified that only one city reached high health technical efficiency, while the other cities presented low efficiency. It was concluded that cities with higher income available and higher per capita expenditures achieved the best health indicator results and, therefore, better health technical efficiency indexes. However, some cities, even though small in structure, obtained better results than neighboring cities, which shows structure management efficiency. Thus, the resource represented an essential condition for efficiency, however not sufficient.

Embora haja uma unanimidade nas falas dos gestores que o Sistema Único de Saúde é subfinanciado, é unânime também o fato de haver problemas na eficiência da gestão dos gastos. Nesta perspectiva, este estudo faz uma avaliação da eficiência técnica em saúde dos sete municípios da região de saúde Rota dos Bandeirantes do estado de São Paulo no período de 2009 a 2012, utilizando-se o Índice de Eficiência Técnica em Saúde. Este índice é composto por meio de indicadores estruturais e indicadores de resultados, oriundos principalmente, do sistema de pactuação de metas e indicadores e coletados da base de dados do Departamento de Informática do SUS. Identificou-se que apenas o município de Barueri atingiu alta eficiência técnica em saúde, enquanto que os demais apresentaram baixa eficiência. Concluiu-se que os municípios com maior receita disponível e maior gasto per capita atingiram os melhores resultados nos indicadores de saúde e, portanto, melhores índices de eficiência técnica em saúde. Todavia alguns municípios, mesmo com uma pequena estrutura, atingiram resultados melhores que seus vizinhos, demostrando eficiência na gestão de sua estrutura e, desta forma, o recurso mostrou-se como condição necessária para que haja eficiência, porém, não suficiente.

Avaliação da eficiência técnica em saúde dos municípios da região de saúde Rota dos Bandeirantes do estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Assessment of health technical efficiency in the cities of the Rota dos Bandeirantes health region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Resumo Embora haja uma unanimidade nas falas dos gestores que o Sistema Único de Saúde é subfinanciado, é unânime também o fato de haver problemas na eficiência da gestão dos gastos. Nesta perspectiva, este estudo faz uma avaliação da eficiência técnica em saúde dos sete municípios da região de saúde Rota dos Bandeirantes do estado de São Paulo no período de 2009 a 2012, utilizando-se o Índice de Eficiência Técnica em Saúde. Este índice é composto por meio de indicadores estruturais e indicadores de resultados, oriundos principalmente, do sistema de pactuação de metas e indicadores e coletados da base de dados do Departamento de Informática do SUS. Identificou-se que apenas o município de Barueri atingiu alta eficiência técnica em saúde, enquanto que os demais apresentaram baixa eficiência. Concluiu-se que os municípios com maior receita disponível e maior gasto per capita atingiram os melhores resultados nos indicadores de saúde e, portanto, melhores índices de eficiência técnica em saúde. Todavia alguns municípios, mesmo com uma pequena estrutura, atingiram resultados melhores que seus vizinhos, demostrando eficiência na gestão de sua estrutura e, desta forma, o recurso mostrou-se como condição necessária para que haja eficiência, porém, não suficiente.

Abstract Although administrators unanimously agree that the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) is underfunded, it is also unanimous that there are problems in the efficiency of expenditures management. From this perspective, this study assessed the health technical efficiency in the seven cities of the Rota dos Bandeirantes health region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2009 to 2012, through the Health Technical Efficiency Index. This index includes structure and results indicators, mainly from the goals and indicators agreement system, and it is collected from the database of the SUS Informatics Department. It was identified that only one city reached high health technical efficiency, while the other cities presented low efficiency. It was concluded that cities with higher income available and higher per capita expenditures achieved the best health indicator results and, therefore, better health technical efficiency indexes. However, some cities, even though small in structure, obtained better results than neighboring cities, which shows structure management efficiency. Thus, the resource represented an essential condition for efficiency, however not sufficient.

Assessment of the effectiveness of invisible aligners compared with conventional appliance in aesthetic and functional orthodontic treatment: A systematic review.

To seek scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of invisible aligners, in the aesthetic and functional aspects, compared with that of conventional braces. An electronic search was performed with a complementary grey literature search for in vivo research. No language restrictions were applied. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials and GreyLiterature databases were used. Studies were first selected by title and abstract; those potentially eligible were read in full. Non-randomized studies were assessed for risk of bias using the tools Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) and Cochrane Collaboration Common Scheme for Bias as a function of the presence of randomization. The search found 559 studies, of which 55 were potentially eligible. A total of 4 articles were included in this systematic literature review: three non-randomized controlled studies and one randomized controlled study, three with low risk of bias (RoB) and one with moderate RoB. Three studies showed time of correction of dental crowding shorter or equal to that of the control group and only one study showed less time of correction using conventional braces. Invisible aligners were deficient with respect to anterior/posterior and vertical corrections compared with fixed orthodontic appliances. Invisible aligners are effective in promoting dental alignment, but present clinical limitations in relation to the conventional system.

Assessment of the ergonomic risk from saddle and conventional seats in dentistry: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify whether the saddle seat provides lower ergonomic risk than conventional seats in dentistry. METHODS: This review followed the PRISMA statement and a protocol was created and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017074918). Six electronic databases were searched as primary study sources. The "grey literature" was included to prevent selection and publication biases. The risk of bias among the studies included was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the effect of seat type on the ergonomic risk score in dentistry. The heterogeneity among studies was assessed using I2 statistics. RESULTS: The search resulted in 3147 records, from which two were considered eligible for this review. Both studies were conducted with a total of 150 second-year dental students who were starting their laboratory activities using phantom heads. Saddle seats were associated with a significantly lower ergonomic risk than conventional seats [right side (mean difference = -3.18; 95% CI = -4.96, -1.40; p < 0.001) and left side (mean difference = -3.12; 95% CI = -4.56, -1.68; p < 0.001)], indicating posture improvement. CONCLUSION: The two eligible studies for this review provide moderate evidence that saddle seats provided lower ergonomic risk than conventional seats in the examined population of dental students.

Peri-implant assessment via cone beam computed tomography and digital periapical radiography: an ex vivo study.

OBJECTIVES: This research evaluated detail registration in peri-implant bone using two different cone beam computer tomography systems and a digital periapical radiograph. METHODS: Three different image acquisition protocols were established for each cone beam computer tomography apparatus, and three clinical situations were simulated in an ex vivo fresh pig mandible: buccal bone defect, peri-implant bone defect, and bone contact. Data were subjected to two analyses: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative analyses involved a comparison of real specimen measures using a digital caliper in three regions of the preserved buccal bone - A, B and E (control group) - to cone beam computer tomography images obtained with different protocols (kp1, kp2, kp3, ip1, ip2, and ip3). In the qualitative analyses, the ability to register peri-implant details via tomography and digital periapical radiography was verified, as indicated by twelve evaluators. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The quantitative assessment showed means statistically equal to those of the control group under the following conditions: buccal bone defect B and E with kp1 and ip1, peri-implant bone defect E with kp2 and kp3, and bone contact A with kp1, kp2, kp3, and ip2. Qualitatively, only bone contacts were significantly different among the assessments, and the p3 results differed from the p1 and p2 results. The other results were statistically equivalent. CONCLUSIONS: The registration of peri-implant details was influenced by the image acquisition protocol, although metal artifacts were produced in all situations. The evaluators preferred the Kodak 9000 3D cone beam computer tomography in most cases. The evaluators identified buccal bone defects better with cone beam computer tomography and identified peri-implant bone defects better with digital periapical radiography.

Self-perceived quality of health and satisfaction by elderly seen by the Family Health Strategy team / Autopercepção da qualidade de saúde e satisfação de idosos acompanhados por equipe Estratégia Saúde da Família

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the profile of elderly followed up by Family Health Strategy teams and the influence of self-reported chronic diseases on demographic variables, describing self-perception and satisfaction with quality of health. Methods: This is a cross-sectional population- based study carried out with 301 elderly residents in two areas of a city in southern Brazil. Data were collected through a questionnaire based on the Health, Well-Being, and Aging Study adapted by researchers, and a playful scale to assess satisfaction with health. For the statistical analysis, the χ2 test was used (p<0.05). Results: Regarding cognitive assessment, the majority was classified as independent (86.4%), not requiring caregiver assistance to answer the questionnaire. The population was predominantly female (55.8%), White (64.8%), married (51.2%), and catholic (82.1%). A total of 47.5% considered their current health status as regular. Regarding satisfaction with health, 72.4% were happy, even reporting having at least one chronic health problem (58.5%). Conclusion: The presence of chronic diseases was reported by most respondents, and the practice of self-medication is significantly more frequent among the aged. Nevertheless, the degree of satisfaction with their health status was predominantly positive, both related to the previous year and compared to others of the same age.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar o perfil de idosos acompanhados por equipes Estratégia Saúde da Família e a influência de doenças crônicas autorreferidas nas variáveis sociodemográficas, descrevendo a autopercepção e a satisfação com a qualidade de sua saúde. Métodos: Pesquisa transversal, de base populacional, realizada com 301 idosos residentes em duas áreas de um município do sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por um questionário baseado no questionário do estudo Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento, adaptado pelos pesquisadores, e um escala lúdica, para avaliar a satisfação com a saúde. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste χ2 (p<0,05). Resultados: Com relação à avaliação cognitiva, a maioria da população foi classificada como independente (86,4%), não necessitando de auxílio de cuidador para responder o questionário. A população foi predominantemente feminina (55,8%), branca (64,8%), casada (51,2%) e católica (82,1%). Ainda, 47,5% consideraram seu estado de saúde atual como regular. Com relação à satisfação com a saúde, 72,4% sentiam-se felizes, mesmo tendo relatado possuir, no mínimo, um problema de saúde crônico (58,5%). Conclusão: A presença de doenças crônicas foi relatada pela maioria dos entrevistados, com a prática de automedicação significativamente mais frequente nestes idosos. Apesar disto, o grau de satisfação com suas condições de saúde foi referido de forma predominantemente positiva, tanto em relação ao ano anterior quanto quando comparado a outras pessoas da mesma idade.

Peri-implant assessment via cone beam computed tomography and digital periapical radiography: an ex vivo study

OBJECTIVES: This research evaluated detail registration in peri-implant bone using two different cone beam computer tomography systems and a digital periapical radiograph. METHODS: Three different image acquisition protocols were established for each cone beam computer tomography apparatus, and three clinical situations were simulated in an ex vivo fresh pig mandible: buccal bone defect, peri-implant bone defect, and bone contact. Data were subjected to two analyses: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative analyses involved a comparison of real specimen measures using a digital caliper in three regions of the preserved buccal bone - A, B and E (control group) - to cone beam computer tomography images obtained with different protocols (kp1, kp2, kp3, ip1, ip2, and ip3). In the qualitative analyses, the ability to register peri-implant details via tomography and digital periapical radiography was verified, as indicated by twelve evaluators. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The quantitative assessment showed means statistically equal to those of the control group under the following conditions: buccal bone defect B and E with kp1 and ip1, peri-implant bone defect E with kp2 and kp3, and bone contact A with kp1, kp2, kp3, and ip2. Qualitatively, only bone contacts were significantly different among the assessments, and the p3 results differed from the p1 and p2 results. The other results were statistically equivalent. CONCLUSIONS: The registration of peri-implant details was influenced by the image acquisition protocol, although metal artifacts were produced in all situations. The evaluators preferred the Kodak 9000 3D cone beam computer tomography in most cases. The evaluators identified buccal bone defects better with cone beam computer tomography and identified peri-implant bone defects better with digital periapical radiography.

Influence of maternal anxiety on child anxiety during dental care: cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES:: Anxiety is usually classified as a disorder of neurotic nature and is often related to contexts of stress, which may include worries, motor tension and autonomic hyperactivity. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of mothers' anxiety on their children's anxiety during dental care. DESIGN AND SETTING:: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted at in a private dentistry school in the south of Brazil. METHODS:: Convenience sampling was used. All mothers of children undergoing treatment were invited to participate in this study. Data to investigate anxiety related to dental treatment among the children were collected through applying the Venham Picture Test (VPT) scale. For the mothers, the Corah scale was applied. A self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire with questions about demographic, behavioral, oral health and dental service variables was also used. RESULTS:: 40 mother-child pairs were included in the study. The results showed that 40% of the children were anxious and 60% of the mothers were slightly anxious. Local anesthesia was the procedure that caused most anxiety among the mothers, making them somewhat uncomfortable and anxious (60%). Family income higher than R$ 1,577.00 had an influence on maternal anxiety (75.6%). Maternal anxiety had an influence on child anxiety (81.3%). CONCLUSION:: Most of the children showed the presence of anxiety, which ranged from fear of dental care to panic, inferring that maternal anxiety has an influence on children's anxiety. Dental procedures did not interfere with the mothers' anxiety, but caused positive feelings, whereas they affected the children more.

Analysis of the Unified Health System funding and expenditure in the municipalities of the "Rota dos Bandeirantes" health region, State of São Paulo, Brazil. / Análise do financiamento e gasto do Sistema Único de Saúde dos municípios da região de saúde Rota dos Bandeirantes do estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

The national scenario of lack of resources in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) has led to major differences in the municipalities funding models. Thus, this study aims to analyze SUS funding and expenditure in seven cities of the Rota dos Bandeirantes health region, State of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, from 2009 to 2012. Settled expenditure indicators were collected from the Public Health Budgets Information System (SIOPS) for analysis, showing descriptive data with absolute and relative frequency calculations. We identified that the per capita income available for the city of Barueri is almost tenfold that of the city of Carapicuíba, and that Barueri's health expenditure per capita is more than double that of the regional average and almost fivefold that of Carapicuíba. The Federal Government is responsible for 95.4% of all funding to municipalities. Most of the available income of the municipalities in the region include their own taxes and state transfers. All the municipalities showed a significant positive trend, both for available income and health expenditure. The regional average of own revenue spent on health is 27.3%. Carapicuíba achieved a level of 37.5%, which is much higher than the minimum of 15% required by the Federal Constitution.