Self-reported physical activity using International Physical Activity Questionnaire in adolescents and young adults with visual impairment.

BACKGROUND: Young people with visual impairment (VI) face many environmental barriers that influence physical activity. OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study were to assess the level of physical activity (PA) in students with VI, with regard to their age, gender, level of VI, body mass index and abdominal obesity (AO), and to identify the percentage of study participants who did not meet the international recommendations for PA. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements were taken to assess the body mass index and waist-to-height ratio. The PA level was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire- Long Form. A sample of 122 students with VI aged 15.1-22.7 years were included in the study. RESULTS: The mean total PA was 8514.5 ± 7201.0 Metabolic Equivalents min/week. Students with normal weight and excess weight had much greater total PA scores than those who were underweight (p < 0.05). Students with abdominal obesity had slightly lower total PA than those without AO. Blind students were engaged less in PA in most of the domains than partially-sighted students. Overall, 39.3% of participants did not meet the recommendation of 75 min/week of vigorous PA, and 23.8% did not meet the recommendation of almost 150 min/week of moderate PA. In total, 32.8% of participants did not meet the international recommendations of 420 min/week moderate or vigorous PA. CONCLUSION: To improve the PA level of students with VI, health promotion initiatives focused on promoting PA during their school days and free time are required, based on innovative methods adjusted to their needs.

[The use of controlled physical training in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with intervention - assessment of effects on biochemical parameters and functional myocardial]. / Zastosowanie kontrolowanego treningu fizycznego u chorych po ostrym zespole wiencowym leczonych interwencyjnie - ocena wplywu na parametry biochemiczne i czynnosciowe miesnia serca.

UNLABELLED: Diseases of the cardiovascular system is one of the most common causes of death among people over 65 years. Due to its course and incidence are a major cause of disability and impaired quality of life for seniors, as well as a serious economic problem in health care. Important role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease plays making systematic physical activity, which is a component of any rehabilitation program. Regular physical training by doing cardio-and vasoprotective has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular status and physical performance in patients with diagnosed coronary heart disease, regardless of age. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of controlled exercise on selected biochemical parameters and functional myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 89 patients were divided into 3 subgroups. In group I (n = 30) was performed 2 weeks cardiac rehabilitation program, in group II (n = 30) 4 weekly. Streamline the program consisted of a series of interval training performed using a bicycle ergometer and general exercise. The remaining group (gr. III, n = 29) participated in individually selected training program. In all subjects before and after the training cycle underwent thoracic impedance plethysmography, also determined the level of plasma natriuretic peptide NT-proBNP and echocardiography and exercise test. RESULTS: After training, in groups, which carried out a controlled physical training, improvement was observed: exercise capacity of patients respectively in group I (p = 0.0003), group II (p = 0.0001) and group III (p = 0.032), stroke volume SV, cardiac output CO and global myocardial contractility, there was also reduction in the concentration of natriuretic peptide NT-proBNP. Furthermore, the correlation between the results shown pletyzmography parameters and NT-proBNP, SV, CO and EF. CONCLUSIONS: Regular physical training as part of the cardiac rehabilitation has a beneficial effect on biochemical parameters and functional myocardial infarction in patients with ACS. Size of the observed changes conditioned by the nature and duration of the training.

[Assessment the lifestyle in patients after recent acute coronary syndrome qualified for cardiac rehabilitation and in healthy subjects]. / Ocena stylu zycia chorych po swiezo przebytym ostrym zespole wiencowym zakwalifikowanych do rehabilitacji kardiologicznej oraz zdrowych.

UNLABELLED: Results of a lot of research indicate that preventive activities consisting in the fighting of risk factors have the greatest influence on the reduction of the incidence of ischaemic heart disease. THE AIM OF THE STUDY was to assess the lifestyle in patients after recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) qualified for cardiac rehabilitation and in healthy subjects (with no diagnosis of coronary thrombosis). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research included 86 patients, 64 men and 22 women aged 42-78 (mean age 61.7 +/- 9.6 years) after recent ACS, treated with PCI (percutaneous coronary interventions), and qualified for cardiac rehabilitation (stage II)--group I. The control group included 88 people, 54 men and 34 women aged 34-75 (mean age 56.2 +/- 9.7 years), who were clinically healthy--group II. The assessment of a lifestyle was performed based on the presence of four positive behaviours, i.e. eating appropriate amount of vegetables and (or) fruit every day, refraining from smoking, satisfactory levels of physical activity, and correct body mass. Based on these factors, a lifestyle index was calculated, from 0 (no positive health behaviours) to 4 (all positive health behaviours present), the so-called healthy lifestyle index. RESULTS: Among the examined elements of lifestyle index in ill and healthy subjects, satisfactory physical activity was the rarest (in 16.67% of men and in 9.09% women after ACS and in 16.22% of healthy men and 11.63% healthy women). Healthy lifestyle index was determined in 4.88% of patients after ACS. It was not found in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the lifestyle index shows that a change of one's lifestyle is necessary as an initial and secondary prevention.

[Assessment of the periodontal state in subjects with metabolic syndrome]. / Ocena stanu przyzebia u chorych na zespól metaboliczny.

UNLABELLED: Occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MS) increases cardiovascular risk in comparison with healthy subjects. In many studies the role of infection in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is emphasised. The aim of the study was to assess the periodontal state in subjects with metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 300 subjects with MS (mean age 42.0 +/- 9.5 years)--group I. 80 subjects (mean age 36 +/- 7.8 years) without MS were enrolled into the control group--group II. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to IDF criteria. To assess the periodontal state we evaluated: the depth of periodontal pocket, Russel index, gingival index, Aproximal Plaque Index (API) and alveolar process radiography. RESULTS: In patients with MS periodontal diseases were more frequent than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal diseases are more frequent in subjects with metabolic syndrome than in the population of subjects without metabolic syndrome. Prophylaxis and treatment of periodontal diseases should be the crucial element of therapy in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

[Assessment of periodontal state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease--part II]. / Ocena stanu przyzebia u chorych na przewlekla obturacyjna chorobe pluc--czesc II.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to estimate the periodontal state in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 100 patients with COPD (68 men and 32 women), aged 30-83 years (mean 63.1 +/- 10.17 years). All patients were in the II grade COPD (moderate COPD). FEV1/FVC<70% and FEV1 was within 79% and 50% of the predicted value. Beta2-adrenomimetic inhalants or in nebulization, theophylline were applied in the therapy. The control group consisted of 101 subjects (38 men and 63 women), aged 42-88 years (mean 65.3-10.36 years), with no respiratory tract diseases. The rate of smoking was similar in both groups. To examine periodontal state, periodontal pocket depth was measured (with periodontal sound), Periodontal Index (PI) and dental plaque index were assessed. RESULTS: The frequency and severity of periodontal diseases in COPD patients were demonstrated to be significantly increased as compared to the control group (p<0.05). Adult chronic periodontitis (ACP) was observed significantly more frequently in COPD patients (84.21%) than in the control group (59.74%, p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between periodontal pocket depth and dental plaque index in patients with COPD. CONCLUSION: The frequency and intensification of periodontal diseases speak for their cause-and-effect relationship with COPD. The prophylaxis and treatment of periodontal diseases should be of great importance in the COPD therapy, which may increase its effectiveness.

[Assessment of oral cavity mucosa and teeth state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease--part I]. / Ocena stanu blony sluzowej jamy ustnej i uzebienia u chorych na przewlekla obturacyjna chorobe pluc--czesc I.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to assess the state of oral cavity mucosa and teeth in patients with chronic obturative pulmonary disease (COPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 100 patients with COPD (68 men and 32 women), aged 30-83 years (mean 63.1 +/- 10.17 years). All patients demonstrated II grade COPD (moderate COPD). FEV1/FVC<70% and FEV1 was within 79% and 50% of the predicted value. Beta2-adrenomimetic inhalants or in nebulization, theophylline were applied in the therapy. The control group consisted of 101 subjects (38 men and 63 women), aged 42-88 years (mean 65.3-10.36 years), with no respiratory tract ailments. The rate of smoking was similar in both groups. The examination of oral cavity mucosa and teeth state was performed in artificial lightening with the use of probe and mouth mirror. The number of lacking teeth and the advancement of caries were determined. RESULTS: Thrush appeared to be the most frequent oral cavity mucosa ailment in COPD patients. Toothlessness and reduced teeth number were observed significantly more often in COPD patients than in the control group (p<0.05). The frequency and the type of caries did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>0.05).