RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a relatively new form of behaviour therapy, which has relational frame theory as its theoretical foundation. Since ACT is not aimed primarily at reducing psychopathological symptoms, changes are likely to be needed in the nature and purpose of the assessment measures used. AIM: To provide an up-to-date overview of ACT-measures that are suitable for use with adults and that will assist Dutch-speaking clinicians and researchers. METHOD: We performed a systematic review of the literature. RESULTS: More than 50 ACT-related questionnaires were identified; of these, the AAQ-II was the most suitable for acceptance as an act component, the CFQ was the most appropriate for defusion and the SACS was the best for self as context; the FFMQ-SF was regarded as the best for contact with the present moment, the VLQ for values, the ELS for committed action and the FIT-60 for psychological flexibility. CONCLUSION: Clinicians and researchers with an interest in ACT have many measures at their disposal. Most of these are available free of charge and can also be used without payment.
Assuntos
Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso/métodos , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Transtornos de Ansiedade/terapia , Humanos , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/terapiaRESUMO
Using the valence force field model of Perebeinos and Tersoff (2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 241409(R)), different energy modes of suspended graphene subjected to tensile or compressive strain are studied. By carrying out Monte Carlo simulations it is found that: (i) only for small strains (|ε| ≈ 0.02) is the total energy symmetrical in the strain, while it behaves completely differently beyond this threshold; (ii) the important energy contributions in stretching experiments are stretching, angle bending, an out-of-plane term, and a term that provides repulsion against π-π misalignment; (iii) in compressing experiments the two latter terms increase rapidly, and beyond the buckling transition stretching and bending energies are found to be constant; (iv) from stretching-compressing simulations we calculated the Young's modulus at room temperature 350 ± 3.15 N m(-1 ), which is in good agreement with experimental results (340 ± 50 N m(-1 )) and with ab initio results (322-353) N m(-1 ); (v) molar heat capacity is estimated to be 24.64 J mol(-1 ) K(-1 ) which is comparable with the Dulong-Petit value, i.e. 24.94 J mol(-1) K(-1), and is almost independent of the strain; (vi) nonlinear scaling properties are obtained from height-height correlations at finite temperature; (vii) the used valence force field model results in a temperature independent bending modulus for graphene, and (viii) the Grüneisen parameter is estimated to be 0.64.
Assuntos
Grafite/química , Física/métodos , Simulação por Computador , Módulo de Elasticidade , Elasticidade , Modelos Estatísticos , Método de Monte Carlo , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Temperatura , TermodinâmicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Given high relapse rates and residual symptoms in depression, new strategies to increase treatment effectiveness are required. A promising avenue is to investigate how electronic momentary assessment technology may contribute to clinical assessment and interventions in depression. METHOD: A literature search was conducted focusing on the potential contribution of momentary assessments to clinical applications in depression. RESULTS: Momentary assessments are able to reveal subtle, small but repetitive and relevant patterns of emotional expression that predict future course of depression. A momentary assessment tool may expose manageable pieces of daily life behaviour contributing to the depressive experience that patients can influence. The use of this explicit knowledge of daily life experience is understudied with regard to its contribution to diagnostic assessment, monitoring of treatment effects and feedback interventions in depressed patients. The clinical application of momentary assessments may stimulate a shift from passive consumption of treatment to an active role for patients in their recovery and increased patient ownership. CONCLUSION: The precise, prospective and fine-grained information that momentary assessment technology provides may contribute to clinical practice in various ways. Future studies should examine the clinical impact of its use and the feasibility of its implementation in mental health care.
Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas/psicologia , Depressão/diagnóstico , Monitorização Ambulatorial/métodos , Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Depressão/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Humanos , Monitorização Ambulatorial/instrumentação , Prevenção SecundáriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Daily life affective responses are closely linked to vulnerability and resilience in depression. Prediction of future clinical course may be improved if information on daily life emotional response patterns is taken into account. METHOD: Female subjects with a history of major depression (n=83), recruited from a population twin register, participated in a longitudinal study using momentary assessment technology with 4 follow-up measurements. The effect of baseline daily life emotional response patterns (affect variability, stress-sensitivity and reward experience) on follow-up depressive symptomatology was examined. RESULTS: Both reward experience (B=-0.30, p=0.001) and negative affect variability (B=0.46, p=0.001) predicted future negative affective symptoms independent of all other dynamic emotional patterns and conventional predictors. CONCLUSION: Daily life information on dynamic emotional patterns adds to the prediction of future clinical course, independent of severity of symptoms and neuroticism score. Better prediction of course may improve decision-making regarding quantitative and qualitative aspects of treatment.
Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas/psicologia , Afeto , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Doenças em Gêmeos/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Bélgica , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria , Recidiva , Recompensa , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Quantification of hepatic perfusion parameters greatly contributes to the assessment of liver function. The purpose of this study was to describe and validate the use of dynamic MRI for the noninvasive assessment of hepatic perfusion parameters. The signal from a fast T(1)-weighted spoiled gradient-echo sequence preceded by a nonslice-selective 90 degrees pulse and a spoiler gradient was calibrated in vitro with tubes filled with various gadolinium concentrations. Dynamic images of the liver were obtained after intravenous bolus administration of 0.05 mmol/kg of Gd-DOTA in rabbits with normal liver function. Hepatic, aortic, and portal venous signal intensities were converted to Gd-DOTA concentrations according to the in vitro calibration curve and fitted with a dual-input one-compartmental model. With MRI, hepatic blood flow was 100 +/- 35 mL min(-1) 100 mL(-1), the arterial fraction 24 +/- 11%, the distribution volume 13.0 +/- 3.7%, and the mean transit time 8.9 +/- 4.1 sec. A linear relationship was observed between perfusion values obtained with MRI and with radiolabeled microspheres (r = 0.93 for hepatic blood flow [P < 0.001], r = 0.79 for arterial blood flow [P = 0.01], and r = 0.91 for portal blood flow [P < 0.001]). Our results indicate that hepatic perfusion parameters can be assessed with dynamic MRI and compartmental modeling.