Prevalence of and factors associated with the use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement among university students / Prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de metilfenidato para neuroaprimoramento farmacológico entre estudantes universitários

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with the use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement among undergraduate students. Methods Simple random sample of students of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (n=438), invited to answer an online questionnaire about the use of methylphenidate. Data collection occurred from September 2014 to January 2015. The sample was described by means of proportions, means and standard deviations. A multivariate analysis was performed using the Classification and Regression Tree algorithm to classify the cases of use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement in groups, based on the exposure variables. Results Out of 378 students included, 5.8% (n=22) reported using methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement; in that, 41% (9/22) in the 4 weeks prior to the survey. The housing situation was the variable most often associated with the use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement. Eleven students reported using methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement and other purposes 4 weeks prior to the survey, 27% of whom had no medical prescription to purchase it. Conclusion The use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement is frequent among Brazilian undergraduate students and should be considered a serious public health problem, especially due to risks of harm and adverse effects associated with its use.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso de metilfenidato para neuroaprimoramento entre estudantes universitários. Métodos Amostra aleatória simples de discentes da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (n=438), convidados a responder um questionário online sobre o consumo de metilfenidato. A coleta ocorreu de setembro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015. A amostra foi descrita em termos de proporções, médias e desvio padrão. A análise multivariada foi realizada utilizando o algoritmo Classification and Regression Tree para classificação dos casos de uso do metilfenidato para neuroaprimoramento em grupos, com base nas variáveis de exposição. Resultados Dos 378 alunos incluídos, 5,8% (n=22) declararam ter feito uso de metilfenidato para neuroaprimoramento, sendo 41% (9/22) nas 4 semanas anteriores à pesquisa. A situação da moradia foi a variável mais associada ao uso de metilfenidato para neuroaprimoramento. Relataram o uso do metilfenidato para neuroaprimoramento e outros fins nas 4 semanas anteriores à pesquisa 11 estudantes, sendo que 27% não apresentaram prescrição médica para adquiri-lo. Conclusão O uso de metilfenidato para neuroaprimoramento ocorre no meio acadêmico brasileiro e deve ser considerado sério problema de saúde pública, principalmente diante dos riscos de danos e efeitos adversos associados ao seu uso.

Prevalence of and factors associated with the use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement among university students.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with the use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement among undergraduate students. METHODS: Simple random sample of students of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (n=438), invited to answer an online questionnaire about the use of methylphenidate. Data collection occurred from September 2014 to January 2015. The sample was described by means of proportions, means and standard deviations. A multivariate analysis was performed using the Classification and Regression Tree algorithm to classify the cases of use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement in groups, based on the exposure variables. RESULTS: Out of 378 students included, 5.8% (n=22) reported using methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement; in that, 41% (9/22) in the 4 weeks prior to the survey. The housing situation was the variable most often associated with the use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement. Eleven students reported using methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement and other purposes 4 weeks prior to the survey, 27% of whom had no medical prescription to purchase it. CONCLUSION: The use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement is frequent among Brazilian undergraduate students and should be considered a serious public health problem, especially due to risks of harm and adverse effects associated with its use.

Prescription, dispensation and marketing patterns of methylphenidate / Padrões de prescrição, dispensação e comercialização de metilfenidato

OBJECTIVE To analyze the patterns and legal requirements of methylphenidate consumption. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of the data from prescription notification forms and balance lists of drugs sales – psychoactive and others – subject to special control in the fifth largest city of Brazil, in 2006. We determined the defined and prescribed daily doses, the average prescription and dispensation periods, and the regional sales distribution in the municipality. In addition, we estimated the costs of drug acquisition and analyzed the individual drug consumption profile using the Lorenz curve. RESULTS The balance lists data covered all notified sales of the drug while data from prescription notification forms covered 50.6% of the pharmacies that sold it, including those with the highest sales volumes. Total methylphenidate consumption was 0.37 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day. Sales were concentrated in more developed areas, and regular-release tablets were the most commonly prescribed pharmaceutical formulation. In some regions of the city, approximately 20.0% of the prescriptions and dispensation exceeded 30 mg/day and 30 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Methylphenidate was widely consumed in the municipality and mainly in the most developed areas. Of note, the consumption of formulations with the higher abuse risk was the most predominant. Both its prescription and dispensation contrasted with current pharmacotherapeutic recommendations and legal requirements. Therefore, the commercialization of methylphenidate should be monitored more closely, and its use in the treatment of behavioral changes of psychological disorders needs to be discussed in detail, in line with the concepts of the quality use of medicines. .

OBJETIVO Analisar padrões e requisitos legais do consumo de metilfenidato. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal realizado em Belo Horizonte, MG, em 2006. Foram analisados dados de notificações de receitas de metilfenidato e de balanços de vendas de medicamentos – psicoativos e outros – sujeitos a controle especial. Determinou-se a dose diária definida, a dose diária prescrita, o período médio de prescrição e de dispensação, bem como a distribuição regional das vendas desse medicamento no município. Foram estimados, ainda, os gastos com a aquisição do medicamento e analisado o perfil de consumo individual do fármaco por meio da Curva de Lorenz. RESULTADOS Os dados dos balanços mensais de comercialização de psicotrópicos cobriram toda a comercialização notificada do fármaco, enquanto aqueles coletados nas notificações de receita cobriram 50,6% das farmácias que o comercializaram, incluindo aquelas de maior volume de venda. O consumo de metilfenidato foi 0,37 DDD/1.000 habitantes/dia. As vendas concentraram-se em áreas mais desenvolvidas e as formulações farmacêuticas de liberação não controlada foram as mais prescritas. A prescrição e a dispensação com dosagens > 30 mg/dia e período de tratamento > 30 dias apresentaram valores em torno de 20,0% em algumas regiões da cidade. CONCLUSÕES O consumo de metilfenidato apresentou-se elevado no município, maior em áreas mais favorecidas economicamente e predominando o consumo de formulações com maior risco de abuso. Tanto a prescrição quanto a dispensação apresentaram características não compatíveis com as recomendações farmacoterapêuticas e determinações legais. O controle de venda do fármaco ...

Prescription, dispensation and marketing patterns of methylphenidate.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the patterns and legal requirements of methylphenidate consumption. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of the data from prescription notification forms and balance lists of drugs sales - psychoactive and others - subject to special control in the fifth largest city of Brazil, in 2006. We determined the defined and prescribed daily doses, the average prescription and dispensation periods, and the regional sales distribution in the municipality. In addition, we estimated the costs of drug acquisition and analyzed the individual drug consumption profile using the Lorenz curve. RESULTS The balance lists data covered all notified sales of the drug while data from prescription notification forms covered 50.6% of the pharmacies that sold it, including those with the highest sales volumes. Total methylphenidate consumption was 0.37 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day. Sales were concentrated in more developed areas, and regular-release tablets were the most commonly prescribed pharmaceutical formulation. In some regions of the city, approximately 20.0% of the prescriptions and dispensation exceeded 30 mg/day and 30 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Methylphenidate was widely consumed in the municipality and mainly in the most developed areas. Of note, the consumption of formulations with the higher abuse risk was the most predominant. Both its prescription and dispensation contrasted with current pharmacotherapeutic recommendations and legal requirements. Therefore, the commercialization of methylphenidate should be monitored more closely, and its use in the treatment of behavioral changes of psychological disorders needs to be discussed in detail, in line with the concepts of the quality use of medicines.

[Factors associated with benzodiazepine prescription by local health services in Coronel Fabriciano, Minas Gerais State, Brazil]. / Fatores associados ao uso de benzodiazepínicos no serviço municipal de saúde da cidade de Coronel Fabriciano, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Numerous countries have witnessed increasing misuse of benzodiazepines. This cross-sectional study assessed the factors associated with prescription of benzodiazepines for users of the Municipal Health Service in Colonel Fabriciano, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Data were collected from official records on drug prescription (n = 1,866) from September to October 2006. Bivariate and multivariate analyses using Poisson regression were performed. Prolonged benzodiazepine use was independently associated with benzodiazepine type and patient participation in health programs. Concomitant use of other psychoactive drugs was independently associated with age and participation in health programs. Type of benzodiazepine (clonazepam or diazepam) was independently associated with age and gender, as well as with participation in health programs. Factors associated with benzodiazepine prescription show the problem's extent and should be considered in planning interventions to rationalize the use of these drugs in Brazil, particularly through health program planning.

Fatores associados ao uso de benzodiazepínicos no serviço municipal de saúde da cidade de Coronel Fabriciano, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Factors associated with benzodiazepine prescription by local health services in Coronel Fabriciano, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

O uso inadequado de benzodiazepínicos é observado em diversos países. Este estudo transversal avaliou os fatores associados à prescrição de benzodiazepínicos para os usuários do Serviço Municipal de Saúde de Coronel Fabriciano, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi feita a partir da notificação das receitas (n = 1.866), entre setembro e outubro de 2006. Análises bivariada e multivariada, utilizando regressão de Poisson, foram executadas. O uso prolongado de benzodiazepínicos foi associado independentemente com o tipo de benzodiazepínico prescrito e cadastro em programas de saúde. O uso concomitante de outros psicofármacos foi associado independentemente com a idade e cadastro nos programas de saúde. O tipo de benzodiazepínico utilizado (Diazepam ou Clonazepam) esteve independentemente associado com a idade e sexo dos pacientes, bem como, com a participação em programas de saúde. Os fatores associados à prescrição de benzodiazepínicos evidenciam a amplitude do problema e devem ser considerados no planejamento de intervenções para a racionalização da utilização desses medicamentos no município, particularmente na organização dos programas de saúde.

Numerous countries have witnessed increasing misuse of benzodiazepines. This cross-sectional study assessed the factors associated with prescription of benzodiazepines for users of the Municipal Health Service in Colonel Fabriciano, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Data were collected from official records on drug prescription (n = 1,866) from September to October 2006. Bivariate and multivariate analyses using Poisson regression were performed. Prolonged benzodiazepine use was independently associated with benzodiazepine type and patient participation in health programs. Concomitant use of other psychoactive drugs was independently associated with age and participation in health programs. Type of benzodiazepine (clonazepam or diazepam) was independently associated with age and gender, as well as with participation in health programs. Factors associated with benzodiazepine prescription show the problem's extent and should be considered in planning interventions to rationalize the use of these drugs in Brazil, particularly through health program planning.

Pharmaceutical assistance within the SUS: the experience of students in rural internship from a pharmacy course / Assistência farmacêutica no SUS: a experiência dos alunos no internato rural do curso de farmácia

The 2002 Brazilian Curricular Lines established a new curriculum for Pharmacy Programs, including amplified information about the Unified Health System (SUS). Following this, some Colleges have implemented a Rural Internship (RI) discipline, as a way to promote: a) adequate information on the SUS, and b) students' interaction with pharmaceutical assistance. In this study we analyzed the perceptions of students enrolled in the Rural Internship program of the undergraduate Pharmacy Program at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Eight students participated in this study and their perceptions and ideas were obtained by focus groups, both before and after the RI. This information was analyzed by content analysis. The students had a fragmented, distorted view on assistance, before as well as after taking the RI. Nevertheless, the RI provided students with a view of the professional realities and difficulties routinely faced by pharmacists in the public health system. The RI course of the Pharmacy Programs was viewed as an opportunity to improve the professional work within the SUS.

As Diretrizes Curriculares de 2002 implantaram um novo currículo para o Curso de Farmácia, trazendo como propósito a aprendizagem para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Para atender a esta demanda, algumas Faculdades têm implantado a disciplina de Internato Rural (IR) como forma de viabilizar o ensino para o SUS e a interação do aluno com a assistência farmacêutica. Este trabalho analisa a concepção de alunos do IR do Curso de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais sobre a assistência farmacêutica e sobre a atividade do profissional farmacêutico no SUS. A coleta das informações foi realizada por meio da técnica do grupo focal antes e após o IR. Para a análise dos discursos foi utilizada a técnica da análise de conteúdo. Participaram do estudo oito estudantes. Observou-se que os alunos apresentavam uma visão fragmentada sobre a assistência, tanto antes como após o internato. O IR proporcionou aos estudantes uma visão da realidade e o reconhecimento das dificuldades que o profissional ainda enfrenta nos serviços. Além disso, notou-se que a disciplina de internato no curso de farmácia pode ser uma alternativa que contribui para a atuação e a formação do farmacêutico para o SUS.

Erros na prescrição hospitalar de medicamentos potencialmente perigosos / Errors in hospital prescriptions of high-alert medications

OBJETIVO:Os erros de medicação são atualmente um problema mundial de saúde pública, sendo os mais sérios os de prescrição. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a prática da prescrição de medicamentos de alto risco e sua relação com a prevalência de erros de medicação em ambiente hospitalar. MÉTODOS:Estudo transversal retrospectivo abrangendo 4.026 prescrições com medicamentos potencialmente perigosos. Durante 30 dias de 2001, foram analisadas todas as prescrições recebidas na farmácia de um hospital de referência de Minas Gerais. As prescrições foram analisadas quanto a: legibilidade, nome do paciente, tipo de prescrição, data, caligrafia ou grafia, identificação do prescritor, análise do medicamento e uso de abreviaturas. Os erros de prescrição foram classificados como de redação ou decisão, sendo avaliada a influência do tipo de prescrição na ocorrência de erros. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio da prescrição escrita à mão (45,7%). Em 47,0% das prescrições escritas à mão, mistas e pré-digitadas ocorreram erros no nome do paciente, em 33,7% houve dificuldades na identificação do prescritor e 19,% estavam pouco legíveis ou ilegíveis. No total de 7.148 medicamentos de alto risco prescritos, foram observados 3.177 erros, sendo mais freqüente a omissão de informação (86,5%). Os erros se concentraram principalmente nos medicamentos heparina, fentanil e midazolam; e os setores de tratamento intensivo e a neurologia apresentaram maior número de erros por prescrição. Observou-se o uso intensivo e sem padronização de abreviaturas. Quando computados todos os tipos de erros, verificou-se 3,3 por prescrição. A prescrição pré-digitada apresentou menor chance de erros do que as mistas ou escritas à mão. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem a necessidade da padronização no processo de prescrição e a eliminação daquelas feitas à mão. O uso de prescrições pré-digitadas ou editadas poderá diminuir os erros relacionados...

OBJECTIVE:Medication errors are currently a worldwide public health issue and it is one of the most serious prescription errors. The objective of the study was to evaluate the practice of prescribing high-alert medications and its association with the prevalence of medication errors in hospital settings. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted including 4,026 prescription order forms of high-alert medications. There were evaluated all prescriptions received at the pharmacy of a reference hospital in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, over a 30-day period in 2001. Prescription were checked for legibility, patient name, type of prescription, date, handwriting or writing, prescriber identification, drug prescribed, and use of abbreviations. Prescription errors were classified as writing or decision errors and how the type of prescription affected the occurrence of errors was assessed. RESULTS: Most prescriptions were handwritten (45.7%). In 47.0% of handwritten, mixed and pre-typed prescriptions had patient name errors; the prescriber name was difficult to identify in 33.7%; 19.3% of them were hardly legible or illegible. Of a total of 7,148 high-alert drugs prescribed, 3,177 errors were found, and the most frequent one was missing information (86.5%). Errors occurred mostly in prescriptions of heparin, phentanyl, and midazolam. Intensive care and neurology units had the highest number of errors per prescription. Non-standard abbreviations were frequent and widespread. Overall it was estimated 3.3 errors per prescription order form. Pre-typed prescriptions were less likely to have errors compared to mixed or handwritten prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: The study results show there is a need for standardizing the prescription process and eliminating handwritten prescriptions. The use of pre-typed or edited prescriptions may reduce errors associated to high-alert medications.

OBJETIVO:Los errores de medicación son actualmente un problema mundial de salud pública, siendo los más serios los de prescripción. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la práctica de la prescripción de medicamentos de alto riesgo y su relación con la prevalencia de errores de medicación en ambiente hospitalario. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal retrospectivo abarcando 4.026 prescripciones con medicamentos potencialmente peligrosos. Durante 30 días de 2001, fueron analizadas todas las prescripciones recibidas en la farmacia de un hospital de referencia del estado de Minas Gerais (Sureste de Brasil). Las prescripciones fueron analizadas con relación a: legibilidad, nombre del paciente, tipo de prescripción, fecha, caligrafía o grafía, identificación del prescriptor, análisis del medicamento y uso de abreviaturas. Los errores de prescripción fueron clasificados como de redacción o decisión, siendo evaluada la influencia del tipo de prescripción en la ocurrencia de errores. RESULTADOS: Hubo predominio de la prescripción escrita a mano (45,7%). En 47,0% de las prescripciones escritas a mano, mixtas y pre-digitadas ocurrieron errores en el nombre del paciente, en 33,7% hubo dificultades en la identificación del prescriptor y 19,3% estaban poco legibles o ilegibles. En un total de 7.148 medicamentos de alto riesgo prescritos, fueron observados 3.177 errores, siendo más frecuente la omisión de información (86,5%). Los errores se concentraron principalmente en los medicamentos heparina, fentanil y midazolam; y los sectores de tratamiento intensivo y la neurología presentaron mayor número de errores por prescripción. Se observó el uso intensivo y sin estandarización de abreviaturas. Cuando se computaron todos los tipos de errores, se verificó 3,3 por prescripción. La prescripción pre-digitada presentó menor probabilidad de errores en comparación con las mixtas o escritas a mano. CONCLUSIONES:Los resultados...

Evaluation of pharmaceutical assistance in municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais / Avaliação da assistência farmacêutica nos municípios do estado de Minas Gerais

The study proposal was to evaluate the pharmaceutical assistance in the state of Minas Gerais (MG) utilizing pharmaceutical assistance indicators described in the literature. The evaluated items were: organization, financing, selection, acquisition, programming, distribution, availability and storage of medicines in 18 municipalities of the Regional Management of Health of Belo Horizonte. The results have shown good performance respecting service organization, presence and updating of Municipal Essential Drug List. The main problems were related to stock control and availability of some items. The work has demonstrated the operational viability of indicators, as to evaluate the conditions of pharmaceutical assistance, as to monitor their performance.

A proposta do estudo foi avaliar a assistência farmacêutica no estado de Minas Gerais (MG), utilizando indicadores da assistência farmacêutica descritos na literatura. Os itens avaliados foram: organização, financiamento, seleção, aquisição, programação, distribuição, disponibilidade e armazenamento de medicamentos em 18 municípios da Gerência Regional de Saúde de Belo Horizonte. Os resultados mostraram bom desempenho quanto à organização do serviço, presença e atualização da Relação Municipal de Medicamentos. Os principais problemas foram em relação ao controle de estoque e disponibilidade de alguns itens. O trabalho demonstrou a viabilidade operacional dos indicadores, tanto para avaliar as condições dos serviços farmacêuticos, quanto para monitorar seu desempenho.

[Errors in hospital prescriptions of high-alert medications]. / Erros na prescrição hospitalar de medicamentos potencialmente perigosos.

OBJECTIVE: Medication errors are currently a worldwide public health issue and it is one of the most serious prescription errors. The objective of the study was to evaluate the practice of prescribing high-alert medications and its association with the prevalence of medication errors in hospital settings. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted including 4,026 prescription order forms of high-alert medications. There were evaluated all prescriptions received at the pharmacy of a reference hospital in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, over a 30-day period in 2001. Prescription were checked for legibility, patient name, type of prescription, date, handwriting or writing, prescriber identification, drug prescribed, and use of abbreviations. Prescription errors were classified as writing or decision errors and how the type of prescription affected the occurrence of errors was assessed. RESULTS: Most prescriptions were handwritten (45.7%). In 47.0% of handwritten, mixed and pre-typed prescriptions had patient name errors; the prescriber name was difficult to identify in 33.7%; 19.3% of them were hardly legible or illegible. Of a total of 7,148 high-alert drugs prescribed, 3,177 errors were found, and the most frequent one was missing information (86.5%). Errors occurred mostly in prescriptions of heparin, phentanyl, and midazolam. Intensive care and neurology units had the highest number of errors per prescription. Non-standard abbreviations were frequent and widespread. Overall it was estimated 3.3 errors per prescription order form. Pre-typed prescriptions were less likely to have errors compared to mixed or handwritten prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: The study results show there is a need for standardizing the prescription process and eliminating handwritten prescriptions. The use of pre-typed or edited prescriptions may reduce errors associated to high-alert medications.

Desabastecimento de medicamentos: determinantes, conseqüências e gerenciamento / Drug shortage: determinants, consequences and management

O artigo analisa o desabastecimento de medicamentos como um problema que transcende o aspecto logístico da área de saúde, discutindo suas implicações para a qualidade, segurança e custo da assistência. A cadeia de abastecimento farmacêutico e os fatores que interferem na capilaridade da distribuição e na disponibilidade do medicamento são discutidos. Ressalta a contribuição da comissão de farmácia e terapêutica para a prevenção e gerenciamento do desabastecimento de medicamentos nos estabelecimentos de saúde. Sugestões de medidas para gestão do desabastecimento de medicamentos são apresentadas. Enfatiza-se a necessidade do medicamento ser considerado pelos componentes da cadeia logística um produto de saúde, com tratamento diferenciado dos bens de consumo comuns.

The present study analyzes drug shortage as a problem reaching beyond the logistic aspect of the health field and discusses its consequences with respect to quality, safety and cost of health care delivery. The pharmaceutical supply chain and the factors that determine the distribution and availability of drugs are discussed. The contribution of the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee in preventing and managing drug shortage in health institutions is stressed and measures for drug shortage management are suggested. Finally it is emphasized that drugs should be considered health products rather than consumer goods and as such be given a different treatment by the supply chain.

[Drug shortage: determinants, consequences and management]. / Desabastecimento de medicamentos: determinantes, conseqüências e gerenciamento.

The present study analyzes drug shortage as a problem reaching beyond the logistic aspect of the health field and discusses its consequences with respect to quality, safety and cost of health care delivery. The pharmaceutical supply chain and the factors that determine the distribution and availability of drugs are discussed. The contribution of the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee in preventing and managing drug shortage in health institutions is stressed and measures for drug shortage management are suggested. Finally it is emphasized that drugs should be considered health products rather than consumer goods and as such be given a different treatment by the supply chain.

Analysis of medical prescriptions dispensed at health centers in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

This article focuses on medical prescriptions dispensed at health centers under the Municipal Health Department in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The study analyzed 4,607 prescriptions from March to April 1999, grouped according to origin (internal or external). The analysis focused on information written on medical prescriptions. The main findings were: (a) an average of 2.4 drugs per prescription in both groups; (b) prescriptions filled out with 4 or more drugs accounted for 18.0% of internal and 17.6% of external prescriptions; (c) 84.3% of internal and 85.5% of external prescriptions provided no instructions for use of medication; (d) information on dosage regimen varied from 51.2% to 97.6% for internal and 57.9% to 96.5% for external prescriptions; (e) generic names were specified for 51.9% and 28.4% of all drugs on internal and external prescriptions, respectively; (f) prescriptions containing standard drugs from the Municipal Health Department accounted for 88.7% of internal and 76.4% of external prescriptions. Data analysis shows the need for continuing education of physicians and adoption of other methods to improve quality of prescriptions and promote rational use of drugs.

Prescrição de medicamentos de uso sistêmico por cirurgiões-dentistas, clínicos gerais / Prescription patterns of drugs of systemic use by dentists

Objetivo - Estudar o padrão de prescrição de medicação antimicrobiana e analgésica/antiinflamatória de uso sistêmico na clínica odontológica. Métodos - Estudo observacional realizado a partir de questionários respondidos por uma amostra representativa randômica de 163 cirurgiões-dentistas, clínicos gerais, da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Alguns dos aspectos verificados foram a prevalência de prescrições dessas medicações nas duas semanas anteriores à aplicação do questionário; uso do nome genérico nas receitas odontológicas; realização de cursos de reciclagem em farmacologia; auto-avaliação sobre o grau de conhecimento e importância dada a esta disciplina para a prática profissional e preenchimento de fichas clínicas e registro nestas das prescrições realizadas. Resultados e Conclusões - Observou-se que os medicamentos são prescritos pelo nome comercial, com tendência a prescrever mais freqüentemente antiinflamatórios em relação aos analgésicos. Uma percentagem de 13 por cento de indivíduos não realiza ficha clínica para todos os seus pacientes e cerca de 43 por cento da amostra não registra suas prescrições. Os cursos de reciclagem em farmacologia parecem não alterar a auto-avaliação sobre o nível de conhecimento em farmacologia e o uso do nome genérico.