Use of prasugrel and clinical outcomes in African-American patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of prasugrel after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in African American (AA) patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). BACKGROUND: AA patients are at higher risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes after PCI and may derive greater benefit from the use of potent antiplatelet therapy. METHODS: Using the multicenter PROMETHEUS observational registry of ACS patients treated with PCI, we grouped patients by self-reported AA or other races. Clinical outcomes at 90-day and 1-year included non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), major adverse cardiac events (composite of death, MI, stroke, or unplanned revascularization) and major bleeding. RESULTS: The study population included 2,125 (11%) AA and 17,707 (89%) non-AA patients. AA patients were younger, more often female (46% vs. 30%) with a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and prior coronary intervention than non-AA patients. Although AA patients more often presented with troponin (+) ACS, prasugrel use was much less common in AA vs. non-AA (11.9% vs. 21.4%, respectively, P = 0.001). In addition, the use of prasugrel increased with the severity of presentation in non-AA but not in AA patients. Multivariable logistic regression showed AA race was an independent predictor of reduced use of prasugrel (0.42 [0.37-0.49], P < 0.0001). AA race was independently associated with a significantly higher risk of MI at 90-days and 1 year after PCI. CONCLUSIONS: Despite higher risk clinical presentation and worse 1-year ischemic outcomes, AA race was an independent predictor of lower prasugrel prescription in a contemporary population of ACS patients undergoing PCI.

Renin-Angiotensin System Antagonists in Patients Without Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Percutaneous Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

There is a paucity of evidence on the impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) on long-term outcomes in patients with ejection fraction (EF) >40% after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We compared long-term all-cause mortality between patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >40% discharged on ACEi/ARB with patients who were discharged on neither of these agents. Patients discharged after percutaneous intervention for STEMI from our catheterization laboratories from January 2002 to December 2011 were considered for inclusion. Patients were excluded if they had LVEF <40% or chronic kidney disease or hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg any time after the procedure). Long-term mortality and discharge medications were determined using the Social Security Death Index and electronic medical record review, respectively. A total of 988 patients were included. The median follow-up duration was 4.6 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in long-term all-cause mortality in patients discharged on ACEi/ARB compared with those who were not discharged on these medications. The number needed to treat to prevent 1 death at 1 year was 714. In addition, multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling failed to demonstrate any beneficial effect of ACEi/ARB similar to Kaplan-Meir analysis (hazard ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.57 to 1.36). In conclusion, we found no significant benefit in long-term mortality using ACEi/ARB in patients with LVEF >40% after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI.