RESUMO
In order to prevent the development or aggravation of an occupational disease or an occupational accident risk lying in an individual employee the Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund (Suva) based on the Swiss Law on Accident Insurance is entitled to prohibit certain activities that have proven to be hazardous to the individual (declaration of "unsuitability" (DOU) or rarely declaration of conditional suitability). Occupational skin and respiratory diseases are the most frequent disorders, and flour; cement, isocyanates and hairdressing substances the most important occupational factors requiring a DOU. This measure also provides financial security to the employee for up to 4 years by the accident insurer in cooperation with the unemployment insurance. For retraining and occupational rehabilitation a special state insurance, the Invalidity insurance is responsible.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trabalho/prevenção & controle , Seguro de Acidentes/legislação & jurisprudência , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Reabilitação Vocacional , Avaliação da Capacidade de Trabalho , Acidentes de Trabalho/legislação & jurisprudência , Adulto , Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/efeitos adversos , Asma/prevenção & controle , Asma/reabilitação , Avaliação da Deficiência , Definição da Elegibilidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Prova Pericial/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Profissionais/reabilitação , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/patologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/reabilitação , Previdência Social/legislação & jurisprudência , Suíça , Indenização aos TrabalhadoresRESUMO
Patients with allergic contact dermatitis due to dichromate are reputed to have a bad prognosis. Based on the Swiss Law on Accidents Insurance, the Swiss National Accidents Insurance Organization (SNAIO) may issue a declaration of medical inability (DMI) in cases of severe occupational dichromate dermatitis. With such a DMI, an employee is not allowed to perform any further work in contact with dichromate or cement. In this study, we reviewed medical records from 88 construction workers with DMI due to occupational dichromate dermatitis, between 1986 and 1989. Follow-up was performed by standardized questionnaire. 63 patients (72%) healed in the first few years after DMI. These patients mostly changed industry and strictly avoided all contact with cement or chromium salts. A few retired early. The outcome of our study is favorable in comparison to studies from other countries without the DMI mechanism. We conclude that strict allergen avoidance enforced by authorities, and financial support in the case of job change, are important factors in improving the prognosis in occupational dichromate dermatitis.