Perfil psicopatológico de atendimentos em serviço de saúde mental do entorno do Distrito Federal / Psychopathological profile of Federal District mental health care services / Perfil psicopatológico del servicio de salud mental del Distrito Federal

Objetivo: Realizar levantamento epidemiológico das psicopatologias mais frequentemente atendidas em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) II no município do entorno do Distrito Federal. Método: Estudo transversal descritivo com coleta de dados por análise documental realizada com 2848 registros de atendimento de um CAPS II do município de Valparaíso de Goiás. Resultados: O maior número de atendimentos foi relacionado transtorno de pânico (20,5%). Os menores números de atendimento foram para o episódio depressivo moderado (1,8%). Conclusão: Com relação à cobertura de contingente populacional, a atenção em saúde mental da região estudada é adequada. Em relação ao seu perfil, atendimentos a pacientes com transtorno de pânico foram predominantes. Conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos atendimentos permite melhor direcionar o cuidado, mas é preciso também traçar estratégias que visem à prevenção do adoecimento quando possível e a promoção da saúde mental.(AU)

Objective: To conduct an epidemiological survey of the psychopathologies most frequently attended at a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS) II in the city around the Federal District. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study with data collection by document analysis performed with 2848 records of attendance of a CAPS II of the city of Valparaíso de Goiás. Results: The largest number of visits was related to panic disorder (20.5%). The lowest attendance numbers were for the moderate depressive episode (1.8%). Conclusion: With regard to population contingent coverage, mental health care in the studied region is adequate. Regarding their profile, attendance to patients with panic disorder was predominant. Knowing the epidemiological profile of care allows better directing care, but it is also necessary to outline strategies aimed at preventing illness when possible and promoting mental health.(AU)

Objetivo: Realizar una encuesta epidemiológica de las psicopatologías más frecuentemente atendidas en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) II en la ciudad alrededor del Distrito Federal. Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo con recolección de datos mediante análisis documental realizado con 2848 registros de asistencia de un CAPS II de la ciudad de Valparaíso de Goiás. Resultados: El mayor número de visitas estuvo relacionado con el trastorno de pánico (20.5%). Los números de asistencia más bajos fueron para el episodio depresivo moderado (1.8%). Conclusión: Con respecto a la cobertura contingente de la población, la atención de salud mental en la región estudiada es adecuada. En cuanto a su perfil, predominó la asistencia a pacientes con trastorno de pánico. Conocer el perfil epidemiológico de la atención permite dirigir mejor la atención, pero también es necesario delinear estrategias destinadas a prevenir enfermedades cuando sea posible y promover la salud mental.(AU)

Leave no one behind: response to new evidence and guidelines for the management of cryptococcal meningitis in low-income and middle-income countries.

In 2018, WHO issued guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and management of HIV-related cryptococcal disease. Two strategies are recommended to reduce the high mortality associated with HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs): optimised combination therapies for confirmed meningitis cases and cryptococcal antigen screening programmes for ambulatory people living with HIV who access care. WHO's preferred therapy for the treatment of HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis in LMICs is 1 week of amphotericin B plus flucytosine, and the alternative therapy is 2 weeks of fluconazole plus flucytosine. In the ACTA trial, 1-week (short course) amphotericin B plus flucytosine resulted in a 10-week mortality of 24% (95% CI -16 to 32) and 2 weeks of fluconazole and flucytosine resulted in a 10-week mortality of 35% (95% CI -29 to 41). However, with widely used fluconazole monotherapy, mortality because of HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis is approximately 70% in many African LMIC settings. Therefore, the potential to transform the management of HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis in resource-limited settings is substantial. Sustainable access to essential medicines, including flucytosine and amphotericin B, in LMICs is paramount and the focus of this Personal View.

Electro activation of persulfate using iron sheet as low-cost electrode: the role of the operating conditions.

This work assesses the role of the operational conditions upon the electro-activation of persulfate (PS) using sacrificed iron electrode as a continuous low-cost Fe2+ source. An aqueous phenol solution (100 mg L-1) was selected as model effluent. The studied variables include current density (1-10 mA cm-2), persulfate concentration (0.7-2.85 g L-1), temperature (30-90°C) and the solution conductivity (2.7-20.7 mS cm-1) using Na2SO4 and NaCl as supporting electrolyte. A mineralization degree of around 80% with Na2SO4 and 92% in presence of NaCl was achieved at 30°C using 2.15 g L-1 PS at the lowest current density tested (1 mA cm-2). Besides PS concentration, temperature was the main variable affecting the process. In the range of 30-70°C, it showed a positive effect, achieving TOC conversion above 95% (using Na2SO4 under the previous conditions) along with a significant increase in iron sludge, which adversely affects the economy of the process. A lumped and simplified kinetic model based on persulfate consumption and TOC mineralization is suggested. The activation energy obtained for the TOC decay was 29 kJ mol-1. An estimated operating cost of US$ 3.00 per m3 was obtained, demonstrating the economic feasibility of this process.

The Einstein-Brazil Fogarty: A decade of synergy.

A rich, collaborative program funded by the US NIH Fogarty program in 2004 has provided for a decade of remarkable opportunities for scientific advancement through the training of Brazilian undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students from the Federal University and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation systems at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The focus of the program has been on the development of trainees in the broad field of Infectious Diseases, with a particular focus on diseases of importance to the Brazilian population. Talented trainees from various regions in Brazil came to Einstein to learn techniques and study fungal, parasitic and bacterial pathogens. In total, 43 trainees enthusiastically participated in the program. In addition to laboratory work, these students took a variety of courses at Einstein, presented their results at local, national and international meetings, and productively published their findings. This program has led to a remarkable synergy of scientific discovery for the participants during a time of rapid acceleration of the scientific growth in Brazil. This collaboration between Brazilian and US scientists has benefitted both countries and serves as a model for future training programs between these countries.