Preferencia hacia la justicia restaurativa y retributiva y su relación con el nivel de competencia moral / Preference towards restorative and retributive justice and its relation to the level of moral competence

Resumen Este artículo propone identificar la relación entre la preferencia hacia uno de dos tipos de justicia (retributiva y restaurativa) y el nivel de competencia moral en estudiantes universitarios. Se trabajó con una muestra por conveniencia de 120 estudiantes de psicología (93 mujeres y 27 hombres) de 16 a 46 años de edad (M = 19.53, DE = 3.17). Se diseñó y validó la Escala de Preferencia hacia la Justicia Restaurativa/Retributiva, y se aplicó el Test de Juicio Moral. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes presentan una preferencia por la justicia restaurativa, a la vez que evidencian niveles bajos a medios en su competencia moral. Se obtuvo una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre nivel de competencia moral y la preferencia hacia la justicia tanto restaurativa como retributiva para solo uno de los dilemas morales analizados (médico vs. trabajador). Se discuten los resultados asumiendo que el tipo de evento transgresor analizado afecta de forma significativa el índice de competencia moral y la preferencia hacia un tipo de justicia específico. La preferencia tiende hacia la justicia restaurativa con respecto a la justicia retributiva; esta preferencia no se ve influenciada por el sexo o haber sido víctima de un delito.

Abstract In this paper, we aim to identify the relationship between the preference towards one of two types of justice (retributive justice and restorative justice) and the level of moral competence in university students. A convenience sample of 120 Psychology students (93 women and 27 men) aged 16-46 (M=19.53, SD=3.17) participated in this correlational design. The "Preference Scale Towards Restorative/Retributive Justice" was designed and validated and the "Moral Judgement Test" was applied. Results suggest that most students lean towards restorative justice and have low to medium levels of moral competence. We found a positive and statistically significant correlation between moral competence and preference for restorative and retributive justice for one of the analyzed dilemmas (doctor vs. worker). Results are discussed assuming that the type of transgressing event significantly affects moral competence index and favorability toward a specific type of justice. The preference tends toward restorative justice than retributive justice; this preference is not influenced by sex or having been the victim of a crime.

Maternal and congenital syphilis in selected Latin America and Caribbean countries: a multi-country analysis using data from the Perinatal Information System.

UNLABELLED: Background Maternal syphilis has an important impact on reproductive health. In 2010, World Health Organization (WHO)/Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) member countries approved the Strategy and Plan of Action for Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Congenital Syphilis in the Americas by 2015. This paper aims to describe epidemiological and programmatic characteristics related to maternal and congenital syphilis in selected countries of Latin America and Caribbean for the period 2010-12. METHODS: The report is based on a multi-country, quantitative and qualitative analysis from data collected from several sources, representing a compilation of country reports from nine countries as part of the 2012 mid-term evaluation of the Strategy. Data was collected based on standardised procedures at country level. RESULTS: Results are variable among countries. All countries have a strategic national plan to eliminate congenital syphilis, with some distinct characteristics for each country. Protocols and guidelines for the management and treatment of maternal and congenital syphilis in all countries were updated between 2011 and 2013. A high rate of missing information for all countries for some indicators was noticed. CONCLUSIONS: The main limitation of the analyses is the huge amount of missing data. Countries must continue to be supported to build capacity for collecting high-quality data on intervention coverage and inequities, and to use it as a basis for decisions about how best to reach women and children with interventions. A high level political commitment is necessary to put into practice the Regional Initiative to Eliminate Congenital Syphilis, with the support of Health Ministries.