RESUMO
Although the African continent is, for the moment, less impacted than the rest of the world, it still faces the risk of a spread of COVID-19. In this study, we have conducted a systematic review of the information available in the literature in order to provide an overview of the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 pandemic in West Africa and of the impact of risk factors such as comorbidities, climatic conditions and demography on the pandemic. Burkina Faso is used as a case study to better describe the situation in West Africa. The epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in West Africa is marked by a continuous increase in the numbers of confirmed cases. This geographic area had on 29 July 2020, 131 049 confirmed cases by polymerase chain reaction, 88 305 recoveries and 2102 deaths. Several factors may influence the SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Africa: (i) comorbidities: diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure could lead to an increase in the number of severe cases of SARS-CoV-2; (ii) climatic factors: the high temperatures could be a factor contributing to slow the spread of the virus and (iii) demography: the West Africa population is very young and this could be a factor limiting the occurrence of severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in West Africa is relatively slow compared to European countries, vigilance must remain. Difficulties in access to diagnostic tests, lack of hospital equipment, but also the large number of people working in the informal sector (such as trading, businesses, transport and restoration) makes it difficult to apply preventive measures, namely physical distancing and containment.
Assuntos
Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , África Ocidental/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19 , Administração de Caso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Clima , Comorbidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto JovemRESUMO
En el presente trabajo se propone un modelo de evaluación fármaco-económico del tipo de análisis costo-efectividad con el objeto de mejorar el procedimiento de la selección de alternativas asociadas a la elaboración y empleo de Nutrición Parenteral (NP) en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de un Servicio de Neonatología. Los costos se valoran en unidades monetarias y los beneficios en unidades naturales de efectividad. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de febrero a septiembre de 1997, de los pacientes internados en la UCI de un Servicio de Neonatología que requerían NP. Dicho servicio pertenece a un hospital público de la ciudad de Córdoba. Se establecieron las alternativas de comparación: 1- Preparación y utilización de mezclas de NP en la misma Institución, independiente del Servicio de Farmacia (SF). 2- Preparación y utilización de mezclas de NP en la misma Institución, tras la implementación de una unidad de NP dependiente del SF. 3- Tercerizar la elaboración de NP...
