Predicting resting energy expenditure among athletes: a systematic review.

Resting energy expenditure (REE) is often estimated in athletes using equations developed from the general population however, the application in athletic-specific populations is questionable. The aim of this systematic review was to compare measured REE and estimations of REE obtained from non-sport participants and athletes. Inclusion criteria met PICO criteria: population - participants involved in organized sport; intervention - resting energy expenditure was obtained by calorimetry; comparator - equations to estimate REE; outcomes - comparisons between measured REE and predicted REE. The search was conducted in Web of Science all databases, PubMed and Scopus. Comparisons between measured REE and predicted REE as well the potential models to estimate REE developed among athletes were summarized. Allowing for variation among studies, equations developed within general populations were not comparable to REE measured by calorimetry in athletes. Equations across athletic samples were obtained but, few studies tested their validity across independent samples of sport participants. Nevertheless, equations developed within athlete populations seem to be widely unused in sports nutrition literature and practice. De Lorenzo and ten Haaf equations appear to present an acceptable agreement with measured REE. Finally, equations used among adults should not be generalised for youth sport participants.

Leisure-time physical activity is negatively associated with depression symptoms independently of the socioeconomic status.

Objective: There are few studies evaluating the relationship between depression symptoms (DS) and physical activity (PA) considering peoples' sociodemographic characteristics. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between DS and PA, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics of European adults. Methods: Participants were 29,285 adults (13,943 men, 47.6%; 15,342 women, 52.4%), aged 50.9 ± 17.4 (50.6 ± 17.3 men, 51.1 ± 17.5 women) from the European Social Survey round 7. DS was assessed with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D8). Leisure-time PA (LTPA) was self-reported. The analysed sociodemographic characteristics were sex, age, living place, household members, marital status, income, and educational level. The relationship between DS and PA, stratified by sociodemographic variables, was examined by linear regression models. Results: Engaging in LTPA was negatively and linearly related to DS, independently of being men or women, being younger, middle or older adult, living in an urban or rural area, having children or not, being single or married, being wealthy or poor, employment status, and to having a lower or a higher education level. Age was the variable with both the least and the greatest effect of LTPA on DS. The least effect of LTPA on DS was observed in younger adults (ß = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.11, -0.05) and the greatest effect in retired people (ß = -0.33, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.29). Conclusion: Independently of sociodemographic characteristics, LTPA is associated with DS and can benefit everyone. Public health policies for promoting mental health should include PA promotion as an important strategy for the prevention or treatment of DS.

Socio-demographic correlates of leisure time physical activity among Portuguese adults.

This study aimed to identify socio-demographic correlates of leisure time physical activity among Portuguese adults. Subjects aged 31-60 years (1,076 males, 1,383 females) were categorized into two groups according to recommended physical activities ranging from ≥ 10 or < 10 MET.hours.week-1. Leisure time physical activity data was self-reported, including activities, duration of each session and frequency. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were applied to the results. Among men, having a high socioeconomic status (OR = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.30-2.76; p = 0.001) was associated with attaining the recommended level of physical activity. For women, middle education levels were associated with physical activity (OR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.01-1.85). Moreover, middle socioeconomic status (OR = 1.45; 95%CI: 0.80-1.91; p = 0.009) was also positively associated with meeting physical activities recommendations in the unadjusted analysis. Men and women had different patterns of socio-demographic correlates. An intervention designed to improve the levels of physical activity among Portuguese adults may take these correlates into account.

Socio-demographic correlates of leisure time physical activity among Portuguese adults / Correlatos sociodemográficos da prática de atividade física de portugueses adultos nos momentos de lazer / Factores sociodemográficos de la actividad física en el tiempo de ocio de los adultos portugueses

This study aimed to identify socio-demographic correlates of leisure time physical activity among Portuguese adults. Subjects aged 31-60 years (1,076 males, 1,383 females) were categorized into two groups according to recommended physical activities ranging from ≥ 10 or < 10 MET.hours.week-1. Leisure time physical activity data was self-reported, including activities, duration of each session and frequency. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were applied to the results. Among men, having a high socioeconomic status (OR = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.30-2.76; p = 0.001) was associated with attaining the recommended level of physical activity. For women, middle education levels were associated with physical activity (OR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.01-1.85). Moreover, middle socioeconomic status (OR = 1.45; 95%CI: 0.80-1.91; p = 0.009) was also positively associated with meeting physical activities recommendations in the unadjusted analysis. Men and women had different patterns of socio-demographic correlates. An intervention designed to improve the levels of physical activity among Portuguese adults may take these correlates into account.

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os correlatos sociodemográficos associados à atividade física dos adultos portugueses nos momentos de lazer. Sujeitos com idades entre os 31-60 anos (1.076 homens, 1.383 mulheres) foram categorizados como fisicamente ativos ou pouco ativos, de acordo com as recomendações da atividade física (≥ 10 MET.horas/semana ou < 10 MET.horas/semana). A atividade física foi autorreportada. O teste do qui-quadrado e regressões logísticas foram aplicados aos dados. Para os homens, um estatuto socioeconômico elevado estava associado ao cumprimento das recomendações da atividade física (OR = 1,89; IC95%: 1,30-2,76; p = 0,001). Para as mulheres, o nível educacional médio (OR = 1,36; IC95%: 1,01-1,85) e um estatuto socioeconômico médio (OR = 1,45; IC95%: 0,80-1,91; p = 0,009) estavam associados a cumprir as recomendações da atividade física. Homens e mulheres apresentaram diferentes correlatos associados à prática de atividade física. Intervenções com o objetivo de melhorar os níveis de atividade física devem considerar os diferentes correlatos identificados.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los correlatos sociodemográficos de la actividad física, realizada durante el tiempo libre, en adultos portugueses. Los participantes con edades entre 31 y 60 años (1.079 hombres, 1.383 mujeres) fueron categorizados en dos grupos, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de actividad física (≥ 10 MET.horas/semana ou < 10 MET.horas/semana). La actividad física fue auto-reportada. Se ha aplicado el análisis de regresión logística y el chi- cuadrado. Los hombres que tienen un alto estatus socioeconómico (OR = 1,89; IC95%: 1,30-2,76; p = 0,001) se asociaron con la consecución del nivel recomendado de actividad física. Para las mujeres, el nivel de educación medio (OR = 1,36; IC95%: 1,01-1,85) y el estado socioeconómico medio (OR = 1,45; IC95%: 0,80-1,91; p = 0,009) se asoció con la actividad física. Hombres y mujeres tienen diferentes patrones de correlatos sociodemográficos. Una intervención diseñada para mejorar los niveles de actividade física entre los adultos portugueses podrá adoptar dichas correlaciones en cuenta.

Do students know the physical activity recommendations for health promotion?

BACKGROUND: Knowledge is required for people to make health decisions. It can be conjectured that knowledge of physical activity recommended levels can be a step to behavior change. This study examined the knowledge of physical activity guidelines of adolescents who were completing the secondary school. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 2718 students (1613 girls), aged 16 to 18 years (Mean = 17.2 ± 0.2 years). Gender and age were self-reported and socioeconomic status was calculated based on parental occupation. Students were asked about frequency, duration, and intensity of physical activity to achieve the recommended level. Chi-square was applied to the results. RESULTS: 16.2% reported that physical activity should be practiced daily. For the duration component of the recommendation, 43.5% identified correctly that the minimum recommended is 60 min/day. The intensity component was correctly answered by 62.7%. Considering all the components of the recommendation, only 3.6% of the students were able to identify correctly the physical activity recommendation, with no differences between genders or among socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the need for an effective communication strategy for disseminating the message to ensure that young people are aware of, and understand the physical activity guidelines.