Z-scheme heterojunction composed of Fe-doped g-C3N4 and Bi2MoO6 for photo-fenton degradation of antibiotics over a wide pH range: Activity and toxicity assessment.

In photo-Fenton technology, the narrower pH range limits its practical application for antibiotic wastewater remediation. Therefore, in this study, a Z-scheme heterojunction photo-Fenton catalyst was constructed by Fe-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride in combination with bismuth molybdate for the degradation of typical antibiotics. Fe doping can shorten the band gap and increase visible-light absorption. Simultaneously, the constructed Z-scheme heterojunction provides a better charge transfer pathway for the photo-Fenton reaction. Within 30 min, Fe3CN/BMO-3 removed 95.54% of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), and its remarkable performance was the higher Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion efficiency through the decomposition of H2O2. The Fe3CN/BMO-3 catalyst showed remarkable photo-Fenton degradation performance in a wide pH range (3.0-11.0), and it also had good stability in the treatment of TC wastewater. Furthermore, the order of action of the active species was h+ > ·O2- > 1O2 > ·OH, and the toxicity assessment suggested that Fe3CN/BMO-3 was effective in reducing the biotoxicity of TC. The catalyst proved to be an economically feasible and applicable material for antibiotic photo-Fenton degradation, and this study provides another perspective on the application of elemental doping and constructed heterojunction photo-Fenton technology for antibiotic water environmental remediation.

[Pathway and Policy for China's Provincial Carbon Emission Peak].

An effective way for China to achieve a carbon emission peak by 2030 is to encourage developed regions to take the lead in attaining carbon peaking at the regional level. Considering Jiangsu Province as an example, this study established a provincial low emissions analysis platform (LEAP-Jiangsu) model. It combined the improved multilevel logarithmic mean Divisia index (M-LMDI) model, Tapio decoupling model, and the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction model to explore the key influencing factors of carbon emissions and carbon reduction paths. The improved M-LMDI model was used to analyze the factors influencing historical and future carbon emissions in Jiangsu Province. Based on the analysis results and planning objectives, a LEAP-Jiangsu model involving various development scenarios was established to predict the time and value of carbon emission peaks. The Tapio decoupling and synergistic effect models were used to clarify the relationship between carbon emissions and economic development, the synergistic effect of carbon, and air pollutant emission reduction. The prediction results demonstrated that the total primary energy demand of Jiangsu Province in 2035 was predicted to be approximately 401.2-474.6 Mt, and the final energy demand would be approximately 319.2-382.3 Mt. Jiangsu Province was most likely to achieve the goal of carbon peaking in 2025-2030, and the peak carbon emission was approximately 815.3-845.7 Mt. The contribution rates of energy conservation and emission reduction measures such as energy intensity reduction, industrial structure optimization, terminal electrification improvement, and energy structure adjustment were 33.1%, 26.8%, 21%, and 15.2%, respectively.

Deep-Learning-Based Financial Message Sentiment Classification in Business Management.

A deep-learning-based financial text sentiment classification method is proposed in this paper, which can provide a reference for business management. In the proposed method, domain adaptation is adopted to solve the common problem of insufficient labeled samples in the financial textual domain. Specifically, in the classification process, the seq2seq model is firstly adopted to extract the abstract from the financial message, which can reduce the influence of invalid information and speed up processing. In the process of sentiment classification, a bidirectional LSTM model is adopted for classification, which can more comprehensively make use of context information. Experiments are carried out to testify the proposed method through the open-source data set. It can be seen that the proposed method can effectively transfer from the reduced Amazon data set to the StockTwits financial text data set. Compared with the parameter-frozen-based method and the SDA-based method, the recognition rates have improved by 0.5% and 6.8%, respectively. If the target domain data set can be directly adopted for training, the recognition rate of the proposed method is higher than that of the SVM method and the LSTM method by 8.3% and 4.5%, respectively.

Lipase-catalyzed Synthesis of Feruloylated Lysophospholipid in Toluene-Ionic Liquids and Its Antioxidant Activity.

In this study, Novozym 435-catalyzed interesterification of ethyl ferulate (EF) with phosphatidylcholine (PC) in a two-phase system consisting of an ionic liquid (IL) and toluene was optimized to prepare feruloylated lysophospholipids (FLPs). Optimum conditions for the interesterification process were found to be [Bmim][Tf2N]/toluene ratio of 1:1 (v/v), solvent volume of 4 mL, molecular sieves (4 Å) concentration of 80 mg/mL, reaction temperature of 55°C, substrate molar ratio of 5:1 (PC/EF), Novozym 435 concentration of 50 mg/mL. Under these conditions, two FLPs products (1-FLP and 2-FLP) with total conversion rate of 50.79% were obtained. Because the formation of 1-FLP was significantly higher than 2-FLP, 1-FLP was purified and characterized by LC-MS and NMR. In addition, 1-FLP showed DPPH scavenging activity comparable with those of EF and BHT. Therefore, this study provides a good method for transformation of ferulic acid to improve its solubility and promote its application as functional ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

New classification of liver biopsy assessment for fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients before and after treatment.

Liver fibrosis is the net result of dynamic changes between fibrogenesis and fibrolysis. Evidence has shown that antiviral therapy can reverse liver fibrosis or even early cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus. However, current evaluation systems mainly focus on the severity of, but not the dynamic changes in, fibrosis. Here, we propose a new classification to evaluate the dynamic changes in the quality of fibrosis, namely: predominantly progressive (thick/broad/loose/pale septa with inflammation); predominately regressive (delicate/thin/dense/splitting septa); and indeterminate, which displayed an overall balance between progressive and regressive scarring. Then, we used this classification to evaluate 71 paired liver biopsies of chronic hepatitis B patients before and after entecavir-based therapy for 78 weeks. Progressive, indeterminate, and regressive were observed in 58%, 29%, and 13% of patients before treatment versus in 11%, 11%, and 78% after treatment. Of the 55 patients who showed predominantly regressive changes on posttreatment liver biopsy, 29 cases (53%) had fibrosis improvement of at least one Ishak stage, and, more interestingly, 25 cases (45%) had significant improvement in terms of Laennec substage, collagen percentage area, and liver stiffness despite remaining in the same Ishak stage. CONCLUSION: This new classification highlights the importance of assessing and identifying the dynamic changes in the quality of fibrosis, especially relevant in the era of antiviral therapy.(Hepatology 2017;65:1438-1450).

[Correlation of cardiovascular risk factors versus glomerular filtration rate in healthy population].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and glomerular filtration rate in healthy population. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shenyang. The Framingham sex-specific risk equation was employed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors of 501 healthy study objects, calculate Framingham risk score and estimate the risk of 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 501 study subjects were then divided into 3 groups according to 10-year CHD risk: low risk group (< 10%), moderate risk group (10% -20%) and high risk group ( > 20%). Study subjects were also divided into 5 groups according to age: < or = 44 years old; 45 - 54 years old; 55 - 64 years old; 65 - 74 years old and > or = 75 years old. The Cockcroft-Gault equation (GFR(CG)), abbreviated MDRD equation (GFR(MDRD1)) and modified MDRD equation (GFR(MDRD2)) were used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were compared among different risk groups and correlation coefficients between Framingham risk score and glomerular filtration rate calculated. RESULTS: GFR(CC), GFR(MDRD1) and GFR(MDRD2) in the low risk group was [(103 +/- 27) ml x min(-1) GFR(MDRD2) in moderate risk group all decreased [(84 +/- 24) ml x min(-1) x (1.73 m2) (-1), (101 +/- 27) ml x min(-1) x (1.73 m2) (-1), (124 +/- 33)ml x min(-1) (1.73 m2) (-1), all P < 0.01]. GFR(CG), GFR(MDRD1) and GFR(MR(MDRD2) in the high risk group all decreased [(71 +/- 15) ml x min(-1) (1.73 m2) (-1), (88 +/- 15) ml x min(-1) x (1.73 m2)(-1), (109 +/-18)ml x min(-1) x (1.73 m2) (-1), all P < 0.01]. The GFR(CG), GFR(MDRD1) and GFR(MDRD2) in the high risk group all decreased compared with the moderate risk group (P < 0.05). There was a significantly inverse correlation between Framingham risk score and GFR with the Pearson correlation coefficient -0.586 (GFR(CG), P < 0.01) and -0.449 (GFR(MDRD1) and GFR(MDRD2), P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There is an inverse correlation between cardiovascular risk factors and GFR in healthy population. With the increasing of risk factors and their severity, Framingham risk score increases and GFR decreases.

A unique euplotid ciliate, Gastrocirrhus (Protozoa, Ciliophora): assessment of its phylogenetic position inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequence.

The morphologically unique genus Gastrocirrhus has been considered a distinct but systematically uncertain euplotid due to the absence of both morphogenetic and molecular information. Based on the small subunit rRNA gene sequence, the phylogenetic position of Gastrocirrhus monilifer Ozaki & Yagui, 1942 was re-addressed using multiple algorithms (neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, least-squares, and Bayesian inference methods). Results indicate that: (1) all phylogenetic trees using different methods are nearly identical in topology, placing G. monilifer closest to Euplotidium arenarium; (2) Gastrocirrhus and Euplotidium form a monophyletic group, namely the family Gastrocirrhidae, and appear to be intermediate taxa bridging the evolution of the Diophrys-Uronychia and Euplotes-complexes (i.e. Euplotes, Certesia, and Aspidisca); (3) the order Euplotida is a paraphyletic group composed of three deeply diverged clades (Euplotes-Certesia-Aspidisca-Gastrocirrhus-Euplotidium; Uronychia-Diophrys; and Prodiscocephalus); (4) together with Prodiscocephalus, the Diophrys-Uronychia complex forms a group at the suborder level and is placed at the root of the order Euplotida, and (5) results from molecular analyses conspicuously challenge the conclusions deduced from morphological as well as morphogenetical investigations-the characteristics traditionally used to define the euplotid taxa at the generic level and/or above may not be uniformly reliable.