The prevalence, incidence, management and risks of atrial fibrillation in an elderly Chinese population: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: There is limited information on prevalent and incident atrial fibrillation in Chinese. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, incidence, management and risks of atrial fibrillation in an elderly Chinese population. METHODS: In a population--based prospective study in elderly (≥ 60 years) Chinese, we performed cardiovascular health examinations including a 12-lead electrocardiogram at baseline in 3,922 participants and biennially during follow-up in 2,017 participants. We collected information on vital status during the whole follow-up period. RESULTS: The baseline prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 2.0 % (n = 34) in 1718 men and 1.6 % (n = 36) in 2204 women. During a median 3.8 years of follow-up, the incidence rate of atrial fibrillation (n = 34) was 4.9 per 1000 person-years (95 % confidence interval [CI], 3.4-6.9). In univariate analysis, both the prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation were higher with age advancing (P < 0.0001) and in the presence of coronary heart disease (P ≤ 0.02). Of the 104 prevalent and incident cases of atrial fibrillation, only 1 (1.0 %) received anticoagulant therapy (warfarin). These patients with atrial fibrillation, compared with those with sinus rhythm, had significantly higher risks of all-cause (n = 261, hazard ratio [HR] 1.87, 95 % CI, 1.09-3.20, P = 0.02), cardiovascular (n = 136, HR 3.78, 95 % CI 2.17-6.58, P < 0.0001) and stroke mortality (n = 44, HR 6.31, 95 % CI 2.81-14.19, P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: Atrial fibrillation was relatively frequent in elderly Chinese, poorly managed and associated with higher risks of mortality.

Validation of the Health & Life HL168JD wrist blood pressure monitor for home blood pressure monitoring according to the International Protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the automated Health & Life oscillometric wrist blood pressure monitor HL168JD for home blood pressure monitoring according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol. METHODS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were sequentially measured in 33 adult Chinese using the mercury sphygmomanometer (two observers) and the HL168JD device (one supervisor). Ninety-nine pairs of comparisons were obtained from 15 participants in phase 1 and further 18 participants in phase 2 of the validation study. Data analysis was performed using the ESHIP Analyzer program. RESULTS: The HL168JD device successfully passed phase 1 of the validation study with a number of absolute differences between device and observers within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg for at least 33/45, 41/45, and 45/45 measurements, respectively. The device also achieved the targets for phase 2.1, with 71/99, 90/99, and 98/99 differences within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg, respectively, for systolic blood pressure, and with 73/99, 89/99, and 99/99 within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg, respectively, for diastolic blood pressure. In phase 2.2, 27 and 26 participants had at least 2 of the 3 device-observers differences within 5 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Health & Life wrist blood pressure monitor HL168JD can be recommended for home use in adults.

Validation of the Health & Life HL868BA blood pressure monitor for home blood pressure monitoring according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the automated Health & Life oscillometric upper arm blood pressure monitor HL868BA for home blood pressure monitoring according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol for blood pressure measuring devices in adults. METHOD: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were sequentially measured in 33 adult Chinese using a mercury sphygmomanometer (two observers) and the HL868BA device (one supervisor). Ninety-nine pairs of comparisons were obtained from 15 participants in phase 1 and further 18 participants in phase 2 of the validation study. Data analysis was performed using the ESHIP Analyzer. RESULTS: The HL868BA device successfully passed phase 1 of the validation study with a number of absolute differences between device and observers within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg for at least 31/45, 42/45, and 44/45 measurements (required 25, 35, and 40, respectively), respectively. The device also achieved the targets for phase 2.1, with 68/99, 91/99, and 95/99 differences within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg, respectively, for systolic blood pressure, and with 71/99, 88/99, and 94/99 within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg, respectively, for diastolic blood pressure. In phase 2.2, 22 and 28 participants had at least two of the three device-observers differences within 5 mmHg (required > or = 22) for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Health & Life upper arm blood pressure monitor HL868BA can be recommended for home use in adults.