Exposure to anti- and pro-smoking messages among adults in China: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2018.

SIGNIFICANCE: For decades, tobacco advertisements and promotions have been common in mass media and public places in China. In 2015, China amended the Advertising Law to prohibit the distribution of tobacco advertising, while also initiating waves of tobacco control media campaigns. This study investigates the associations between exposure to anti- and pro-smoking messages, smoking status, and people's smoking-related beliefs and willingness to support tobacco control policies. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was performed with the 2018 Global Adult Tobacco Survey of 19,376 adults aged ≥15 years in China. Anti- and pro-smoking message exposures were measured as the sum of sources (media or places) where respondents have seen the messages. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among smoking status, message exposure, and the outcome variables (health harm beliefs, support for increasing tax on cigarettes, support for using part of the increased tax on tobacco control) controlling for smoking status and demographic differences. RESULTS: Overall, 63.3% of the respondents reported being exposed to anti-smoking messages from at least 1 source, while 18.1% were exposed to pro-smoking messages from at least 1 source. Adults who currently, formerly, and never smoked differed in their beliefs about smoking and willingness to support tobacco control policies. Greater reported exposure to anti-smoking messages was positively associated with belief that smoking is harmful, support for increased cigarette tax, and support for using increased tax revenue for tobacco control measures. Meanwhile, greater reported exposure to pro-smoking messages was negatively related to willingness to support cigarette tax increases. CONCLUSIONS: While national and local tobacco control campaigns in China have reached a large proportion of the adult population, there is still room for improvement. China might consider expanding anti-tobacco campaigns, as reported exposure to these messages is associated with increased public awareness of the health hazards of smoking and support for increasing cigarette taxes.

p-Cresol-Enabled Nickel-Catalyzed Intermolecular Redox-Economical Coupling of Allyl Alcohols with Alkynes through oxa-Nickelacycle.

An intermolecular redox-economical coupling reaction of allyl alcohols with alkynes, catalyzed by Ni-Brønsted acid cocatalysis, has been developed. This method allows for the synthesis of a diverse range of γ,δ-unsaturated ketones with yields ranging from 40% to 94%, while maintaining excellent compatibility with various functional groups. The transformation of the resulting product demonstrates the significant practical value of this method. Further mechanistic investigations have revealed that the reaction proceeds through the formation of an oxa-nickelacycle intermediate.

Quality assessment of transperineal ultrasound in Chinese tertiary medical centers: a multicenter study.

Background: Transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) is a vital examination method for diagnosing pelvic floor diseases. However, the quality of TPUS largely relies on the operator's experience, and there is a lack of studies on the evaluation of TPUS quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the quality of TPUS examinations in Chinese tertiary medical centers. Methods: This multicenter study conducted in 44 Chinese tertiary medical centers recruited postpartum women between September 2020 and September 2021. All participants underwent a standardized inquiry and TPUS examination. The participating centers were required to submit 5 parts of ultrasound data to the National Ultrasound Quality Control Center: 2-dimensional images at rest, 2-dimensional images at strain; 4-dimensional images of the levator ani hiatus; 4-dimensional images of the levator ani muscle; and 4-dimensional images of the anal sphincter. Quality assessment was performed by 2 experts with more than 5 years of experience in TPUS, and the reasons for nonqualification were stated. Results: In this study, 31 hospitals that were distributed across 20 provinces in China were included, submitting 2,251 cases in total. The overall qualified rate ranged from 12.00% to 86.92%. In each part, the qualified rate of 2-dimensional images at rest, 2-dimensional images at straining, levator ani hiatus, levator ani muscle, and anal sphincter was 94.27% (2,122/2,251), 78.54% (1,768/2,251), 85.52% (1,925/2,251), 93.03% (2,094/2,251), and 88.09% (1,983/2,251), respectively. Most of the nonqualified images belonged to 2-dimensional images at strain, and the errors in image acquisition (221/483, 45.76%) and measurement (262/483, 54.24%) were the main reasons for nonqualification. For levator ani hiatus images, error in image acquisition (275/326, 84.36%) was the main reason for nonqualification. Reconstruction error was the most common reason for nonqualification for levator ani muscle (133/157, 84.71%) and anal sphincter images (133/268, 49.63%). Conclusions: This multicenter study assessed the quality of TPUS in tertiary medical centers in China and identified the common reasons for nonqualification in each part. These findings can aid in forming the basis for quality control management and training for TPUS.

Comparative cost analysis of implanting devices in different cardiac resynchronization therapeutic strategies.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment option for heart failure patients. However, the implementation of triple-chamber pacemakers can be cost-prohibitive. His-Purkinje system pacing (HPSP) can also enable cardiac resynchronization, and it can be achieved with relatively inexpensive conventional pacemakers. HYPOTHESIS: This article aims to comparatively evaluate the cost of implanting devices in different CRT strategies to provide meaningful guidance for clinical decision-making by electrophysiologists. METHODS: Data was collected on the prices, designed life, and price/designed life of multiple mainstream models of CRT-P, CRT-D, dual-chamber pacemakers, and single-chamber pacemakers that were sold in the Chinese market in 2022. The prices, designed lives, and price/designed life of different pacemaker models were then compared. RESULTS: The costs of CRT-P and CRT-D (13008.44 ± 2752.30 USD and 22043.36 ± 3676.25 USD) were significantly higher than those of conventional pacemakers (dual-chamber: 11142.39 ± 4273.85 USD and single-chamber: 5634.28 ± 2032.80 USD) (p < .05). Additionally, the price/designed life of conventional pacemakers (dual-chamber: 839.63 ± 258.62 US dollar/year and single-chamber: 435.86 ± 125.44 US dollar/year) was significantly better than that of CRT-P and CRT-D (1386.91 ± 266.73 and 2585.53 ± 520.27 US dollar/year, respectively) (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Conduction system pacing (CSP)-based CRT is more cost-effective than BVP-based CRT. Furthermore, CSP-based CRT can achieve cardiac resynchronization with conventional pacemakers and may be a good option for HF patients who do not need defibrillation.

Cost-Effective Calculation of Collective Electronic Excitations in Graphite Intercalated Compounds.

Graphite/graphene intercalation compounds with good and improving electrical transport properties, optical properties, magnetic properties and even superconductivity are widely used in battery, capacitors and so on. Computational simulation helps with predicting important properties and exploring unknown functions, while it is restricted by limited computing resources and insufficient precision. Here, we present a cost-effective study on graphite/graphene intercalation compounds properties with sufficient precision. The calculation of electronic collective excitations in AA-stacking graphite based on the tight-binding model within the random phase approximation framework agrees quite well with previous experimental and calculation work, such as effects of doping level, interlayer distance, and interlayer hopping on 2D π plasmon and 3D intraband plasmon modes. This cost-effective simulation method can be extended to other intercalation compounds with unlimited intercalation species.

Processing tactics for low-cost production of pure nuciferine from lotus leaf.

Nuciferine is an important drug candidate for the treatment of many diseases. However, there is no general method for its low - cost production. In this work, a feasible method for the production of nuciferine from lotus leaf, using ultrasonic-assisted extraction-solid phase extraction (UAE-SPE) as extraction and cleanup procedure, was developed. Petroleum ether and silica gel have been successfully used as extraction solvent and adsorbent to integrate UAE with SPE, respectively. Except for filtration, no treatment (e.g. concentration and redissolution, etc) was needed on UAE extract before SPE and the effluents obtained in the loading process of SPE could be used as UAE extraction solvent without purification. No obvious decline in the extraction efficiency of UAE and adsorption capacity of SPE was observed at least for 5 runs, which provides a feasible way for the continuous production of nuciferine in industry, i.e. Cyclic UAE-SPE. Moreover, SPE column could be conveniently regenerated and reused without significant decline in its adsorption capacity at least for 5 cycles, which can be used to reduce the cost of the whole system further. In comparison with other cleanup procedures, Cyclic UAE-SPE showed apparent advantages in energy conservation and emission reduction. LLE and crystallization were applied to separate nuciferine from other impurities further. Under optimum conditions, the total recovery rate of nuciferine with a purity over 90.0% from lotus leaf reached 50.1%. All in all, the developed method has advantages in convenient operation, low cost, and high efficiency, thus, is fitting for the production of high purity nuciferine.

Nexus among energy consumption structure, energy intensity, population density, urbanization, and carbon intensity: a heterogeneous panel evidence considering differences in electrification rates.

The main purpose of this article is to link the environment, economy, electricity, and society and put forward a new point of view. The current research mainly explores the relationship between the environment, economy, and society and lacks a discussion on electricity. Using a new research framework, this article examines the relationship between energy intensity, energy consumption structure, population density, urbanization rate, and carbon intensity based on relevant data from 2000 to 2017 in China. In the empirical research, according to the cluster analysis, China's 30 provinces are divided into three regions according to the electrification rate standard. The cross-sectional dependence test method is used to verify the cross-sectional dependence of the data, and the second-generation panel unit root test method is used. Exploring the relationship between the variables, this article finally uses the convergence analysis method to explore the degree of influence of each variable on the carbon intensity. The empirical results show that there are both short-term effects and long-term relationships in various regions, and the influencing factors of each region are different. It further shows that the carbon intensity of the four panels shows convergence, ß absolute convergence, and ß conditional convergence, but the main influencing factors in different regions are different. Finally, based on the results of empirical research, policy recommendations for reducing carbon intensity in different regions are put forward.

Assessment of the Psychological Burden Among Family Caregivers of People Living with Alzheimer's Disease Using the Zarit Burden Interview.

BACKGROUND: In China, family caregivers play a major role in caring for people living with Alzheimer's disease (PLWAD), but little is known about the burden this creates. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the burden among family caregivers of PLWAD and the factors influenced it. METHODS: Family caregivers of PLWAD were recruited from a hospital in China from January 2018 to July 2018. All data were collected online using the Chinese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and the participants' sociodemographic and caregiving details were obtained. T-tests and Kruskal-Wallis H (K) tests were used to compare ZBI scores between groups. Factors related to the caregiver psychological burden were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 300 participants were assessed, of which 213 (71.00%) were female. More than half of the caregivers were the patient's daughter (51.0%, n = 153). The average ZBI score of the caregivers was 43.05 (13.42). The level of burden was influenced by age, the relationship of the caregiver to the patient, the severity of AD, the caregiver's retirement status, the income level of the caregiver, and the caring time. Regression analysis showed that retired caregivers were more likely to have higher levels of burden and that burden increased with AD severity. CONCLUSION: Most family caregivers of PLWAD have a considerable caregiver psychological burden. The findings increase the understanding of factors that influence family caregiver burden, and pave the way for potential interventions, such as social support and caregiver empowerment, to reduce their burden.

Predicting related factors of immunological response to hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients based on integration of decision tree classification and logistic regression.

The non/hypo-response rate of the hepatitis B vaccine among hemodialysis (HD) patients is still high, it is of great significance to explore the influencing factors and their relationships. To study the related factors and their relationships using logistic regression model and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) decision tree model. A randomized controlled trial was conducted between February 2014 and May 2015 in China. HD patients being serologically negative for HBsAg and anti-HBs were randomly assigned to receive three intramuscular injections of the standard dose (20 µg) or high dose (60 µg) of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at months 0, 1, and 6. Those with anti-HBs concentrations <100 mIU/mL, and ≥100 mIU/mL at month 7 were considered as non/hypo-response and high-level response, respectively. The non/hypo-response was 31.34% (89/284). After adjustment for confounders, logistic analysis showed that males (OR = 2.203, 95%CI: 1.109-4.367) and those with higher dialysis frequency (>4 times per 2 weeks) (OR = 1.918, 95%CI: 1.015-3.626) had a significant risk of non/hypo-response. While the CHAID analysis showed that gender, dose, and dialysis frequency were influencing factors of non/hypo-response, and gender is most important. The interaction between gender and dialysis frequency had the greatest effect on immunization, and followed by the interaction between dialysis frequency and vaccine dose. Taken together, gender, dose and dialysis frequency were influencing factors of hepatitis B vaccine in HD patients.

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Polluted by Lead around Various Metal Mines in China.

The contamination of soil by lead (Pb) is a serious and widespread problem in China, especially in mining areas. This paper summarized the available data regarding Pb-contaminated soils around various metal mines in China. Based on these data, the Pb concentration in the soil and its temporal and spatial changes were analyzed. Potential ecological hazards and adult lead models were also used to estimate ecological and health risks. The results indicated that the concentration of Pb was closely related with the type of mine. Compared with other types of mine, soil around lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) and tin (Sn) mines with high Pb contents in the metallic ores and high pollutant emission coefficient were more strongly polluted by Pb. The characteristic spatial and temporal variations of Pb pollution status in China were clarified, and the results showed that the concentration was high in the southern, southwestern, and central regions of China where many mining areas were located, and the mean value passed a turning point in 2012. Ecological risk assessments indicated that some areas around mines were at considerable to high risk, and the risk was relatively severe in Pb-Zn mining areas. According to the adult lead model, Pb-Zn mines had a greater impact on blood Pb concentration than the other types of mine.

Role transformation of fecundity and viability: The leading cause of fitness costs associated with beta-cypermethrin resistance in Musca domestica.

Fitness is closely associated with the development of pesticide resistance in insects, which determines the control strategies employed to target species and the risks of toxicity faced by non-target species. After years of selections with beta-cypermethrin in laboratory, a strain of housefly was developed that was 684,521.62-fold resistant (CRR) compared with the susceptible strain (CSS). By constructing ≤ 21 d and ≤ 30 d life tables, the differences in life history parameters between CSS and CRR were analyzed. The total production numbers of all the detected development stages in CRR were lower than in CSS. Except for the lower mortality of larvae, all the other detected mortalities in CRR were higher than in CSS. ♀:♂ and normal females of CRR were also lower than those of CSS. For CRR, the relative fitness was 0.25 in the ≤ 21 d life table and 0.24 in the ≤ 30 d life table, and a lower intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (Ro) were detected. Based on phenotype correlation and structural equation model (SEM) analyses, fecundity and viability were the only directly positive fitness components affecting fitness in CRR and CSS, and the other components played indirect roles in fitness. The variations of the relationships among fitness, fecundity and viability seemed to be the core issue resulting in fitness differences between CRR and CSS. The interactions among all the detected fitness components and the mating frequency-time curves appeared to be distinctly different between CRR and CSS. In summary, fecundity and its related factors separately played direct and indirect roles in the fitness costs of a highly beta-cypermethrin-resistant housefly strain.

Comparing Information Needs of Diabetes Patients in Chinese and American Health Communities of Questions and Answers.

This study selects the users generated content in diabetes groups of ManYouBang and DailyStrength which are two representative HCQA (Health Communities of Questions and Answers). Theme coding was applied to identify information needs while social network analysis was used to compare Chinese and American HCQA. In theory, we combine Social Network Analysis and content analysis to capture and contrast the pattern of Q&A in HCQA. On the one hand, the core needs of HCQA are "how to treat the disease" and the "diet" theme is closely related to other themes. On the other hand, the Chinese diabetes communities have "question and answer attributes" while the American diabetes communities have both "question and answer attributes" and "social support attributes." In practice, the founding provides enlightenment for the development of HCQA including improving content quality and strengthen emotional connection and disease treatment infrastructure.

Multiple signal amplification chemiluminescence immunoassay for chloramphenicol using functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles as probes and resin beads as carriers.

A novel, rapid and convenient competitive immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of chloramphenicol residues in shrimp and honey was established combined with flow injection chemiluminescence. The carboxylic resin beads were used as solid phase carriers to load with more coating antigen due to their larger specific surface area and good biocompatibility. The surface of the silica dioxide nanoparticles was modified with aldehyde group to combine with more horseradish peroxidase and the chloramphenicol antibody. There was a competitive process between the chloramphenicol in solution and the immobilized coating antigen to combine with the limited binding site of antibody to form the immunocomplex. Silica dioxide nanoparticles played an important role in enhancing chemiluminescence signal, because the horseradish peroxidase on SiO2 effectively catalyzed the system of luminol-PIP-H2O2. Under optimal conditions, the chemiluminescence intensity decreased linearly with the logarithm of the chloramphenicol concentration in the range of 0.0001 to 100 ng mL-1 and the detection limit (3σ) was 0.033 pg mL-1. This immunosensor demonstrated acceptable stability, high specificity and reproducibility. The horseradish peroxidase-silica dioxide nanoparticle-chloramphenicol antibody complex successfully prepared in this article was firstly applied to the detection of chloramphenicol, and had extremely important meanings for the application of nanoparticles and enzymatic catalysis in the field of chemiluminescence.

Early Assessment of Left Ventricular Function by Layer-Specific Strain and Its Relationship to Pulsatile Arterial Load in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow.

Previous studies reported a controversial left ventricular (LV) function impairment and pathophysiology in patients with coronary slow flow (CSF). Greater arterial load has been shown to increase aortic impedance and endothelial shear stress, potentially affecting coronary anatomy and function. We investigated LV systolic function by a new layer-specific strain technology and assessed the association between pulsatile arterial load and contractility.A total of 70 patients with CSF and 50 controls with normal coronary angiography were included in the study. Layer-specific longitudinal and circumferential strains were assessed from endocardium, mid-myocardium, and epicardium (global longitudinal strain (GLS)-endo, GLS-mid, GLS-epi and GCS-endo, GCS-mid, GCS-epi) by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI). Pulsatile arterial load was estimated by indexed arterial compliance (ACI). Layer-specific GLS showed a decreasing gradient from the endocardium to the epicardium in both the controls and CSF group. GLS-endo and GLS-mid in the CSF group were significantly lower than the control group (all P < 0.05). Layer-specific longitudinal strain showed a good correlation with the number of affected coronary arteries (all P < 0.05) and the mean thrombolysis in the myocardial infarction frame count (TFC) (all P < 0.05). ACI was lower in patients with CSF (P = 0.005), and ACI was correlated negatively with layer-specific GLS (all P < 0.05).Layer-specific evaluation of the LV provides an understanding of the layer-specific properties of the LV wall and the possible process of the LV impairment in patients with CSF. Greater pulsatile arterial load, as manifested by a lower ACI, is coupled with worse LV longitudinal function in patients with CSF.

Gastroschisis Trends and Ecologic Link to Opioid Prescription Rates - United States, 2006-2015.

Prevalence of gastroschisis, a serious birth defect of the abdominal wall resulting in some of the abdominal contents extending outside the body at birth, has been increasing worldwide (1,2). Gastroschisis requires surgical repair after birth and is associated with digestive and feeding complications during infancy, which can affect development. Recent data from 14 U.S. states indicated an increasing prevalence of gastroschisis from 1995 to 2012 (1). Young maternal age has been strongly associated with gastroschisis, but research suggests that risk factors such as smoking, genitourinary infections, and prescription opioid use also might be associated (3-5). Data from 20 population-based state surveillance programs were pooled and analyzed to assess age-specific gastroschisis prevalence during two 5-year periods, 2006-2010 and 2011-2015, and an ecologic approach was used to compare annual gastroschisis prevalence by annual opioid prescription rate categories. Gastroschisis prevalence increased only slightly (10%) from 2006-2010 to 2011-2015 (prevalence ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-1.1), with the highest prevalence among mothers aged <20 years. During 2006-2015, the prevalence of gastroschisis was 1.6 times higher in counties with high opioid prescription rates (5.1 per 10,000 live births; CI = 4.9-5.3) and 1.4 times higher where opioid prescription rates were medium (4.6 per 10,000 live births; CI = 4.4-4.8) compared with areas with low prescription rates (3.2 per 10,000 live births; CI = 3.1-3.4). Public health research is needed to understand factors contributing to the association between young maternal age and gastroschisis and assess the effect of prescription opioid use during pregnancy on this pregnancy outcome.

A Clinical Prognostic Score to Predict Survival of Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Receiving First-Line Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Analysis.

BACKGROUND Although several complicated models have been built to evaluate the prognosis of NSCLC patients receiving chemotherapy, simple economic models are still needed to give a preliminary survival assessment of these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study retrospectively assessed the clinical and biological parameters of 223 patients with advanced NSCLC. Univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for the parameters and the prognostic score were assessed. RESULTS Performance status (PS) score=1, smoking history, fibrinogenemia, thrombocytosis, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and anemia were independent predictors of poor prognosis in the univariate analysis of OS and were assessed in multivariate analysis. There was a significant difference in PS=1 (HR=2.134, p<0.0001), increased LDH level (HR=1.508, p=0.014), thrombocytosis (HR=1.547, p=0.012), and smoking history (HR=1.491, p=0.008), based on which the patients were classified into 3 risk groups: low risk (0-1 points), moderate risk (2 points), and high risk (3-5 points). At p values of <0.0001, the median OS was 565, 340, and 273 days and the median progression-free survival was 250, 209, and 135 days, respectively in these 3 risk groups. CONCLUSIONS We established a new prognostic score model using PS, LDH level, PLT count, and smoking history to predict the survival of patients receiving first-line chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC, which might be useful in clinical practice.

The dynamic monitoring of CEA in response to chemotherapy and prognosis of mCRC patients.

BACKGROUND: The role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) change patterns in tumor response and long-term outcome is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between changes in CEA levels and tumor response as a potential prognostic model. METHODS: CEA levels were determined from baseline to progression. A χ2 test was used to assess the correlation between CEA changes and tumor response. Univariate and multivariate COX models were used to explore the correlation of CEA changes to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: All 114 patients were divided into five groups according to CEA change pattern (A: patients had an initial fast CEA decrease that then turned into a slow increase; B: patients had an initial slow CEA decrease that then turned to a slow increase; C: patients had a continually slow CEA increase; D: patients had a continually fast CEA increase; E: patients had an initial fast CEA decrease that then turned into a fast increase). Patients in Group A had the longest OS and PFS while Group E patients had the shortest OS. Baseline to week 12 and week 12 to week 18 change rates were consistent with tumor response and progression, respectively. An increase in CEA level by ≥2.7% from week 12 to 18 was an independent negative prognostic factor of OS. CONCLUSIONS: CEA changes mirror the tumor response to first-line chemotherapy and are associated with prognosis. CEA monitoring may be a substitute for computed tomography during the CEA stable period of treatment.

Impact of interaction style and degree on the evolution of cooperation on Barabási-Albert scale-free network.

In this work, we study an evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game (PDG) on Barabási-Albert scale-free networks with limited player interactions, and explore the effect of interaction style and degree on cooperation. The results show that high-degree preference interaction, namely the most applicable interaction in the real world, is less beneficial for emergence of cooperation on scale-free networks than random interaction. Besides, cooperation on scale-free networks is enhanced with the increase of interaction degree regardless whether the interaction is high-degree preference or random. If the interaction degree is very low, the cooperation level on scale-free networks is much lower than that on regular ring networks, which is against the common belief that scale-free networks must be more beneficial for cooperation. Our analysis indicates that the interaction relations, the strategy and the game payoff of high-connectivity players play important roles in the evolution of cooperation on scale-free networks. A certain number of interactions are necessary for scale-free networks to exhibit strong capability of facilitating cooperation. Our work provides important insight for members on how to interact with others in a social organization.

Assessment of biventricular systolic strain derived from the two-dimensional and three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in lymphoma patients after anthracycline therapy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for assessment of both left and right ventricular systolic function in patients with lymphoma after anthracycline chemotherapy, compared with two-dimensional (2D) STE. Totally eighty-nine patients undergoing anthracycline containing chemotherapy were studied. Echocardiographic assessment included 2D and 3D left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS) and right ventricular (RV) GLS. All the parameters were analyzed at baseline, after the completion of four cycles and at the end of the regimen respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to determine the capability of various echocardiographic parameters to discriminate between before and after chemotherapy. Compared with those at baseline, the 3D GLS and GCS of LV and GLS of RV decreased significantly after four cycles of the therapy (all p < 0.01). At the end of the treatment, 2D GLS and GCS of LV deteriorated markedly (both p < 0.05). The area under the curve for GLS, GCS of LV and GLS of RV derived by 3D were 0.81, 0.66 and 0.78, respectively. The cutoff value with -20.4% of LV GLS by 3D had sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 66% for differentiating patients after therapy from baselines. The cutoff value with -21.9% of RV GLS by 3D had sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 74% fordifferentiating patients after therapy from baselines. The data from this study demonstrated that both 2D and 3D STE can be conducted to evaluate the slight myocardial damage for lymphoma patients after anthracycline chemotherapy. 3D STE could examine subclinical biventricular dysfunction in earlier point than 2D STE.