What Do Different People Look for in a Partner? Effects of Sex, Sexual Orientation, and Mating Strategies on Partner Preferences.

Partner preferences are an important differential in relationship formation and evolutionary fitness, and vary according to individual, ecological, and social factors. In this study, we evaluated the variation in preference for intelligence, kindness, physical attractiveness, health, and socioeconomic level among individuals of different sexes and sexual orientations in a Brazilian sample. We analyzed the preference scores of 778 heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual men and women in three budgeted mate design tasks (low vs. medium vs. high budget) and their association with sociosexuality, attachment styles, homogamy, and willingness to engage in short- and long-term relationships. Results indicated a global trait preference order, with intelligence ranking first, followed by kindness, physical attractiveness, health, and lastly by socioeconomic status. Typical sex differences were observed mostly within the heterosexual group, and specific combinations of sex and sexual orientation were linked to variation in preference for physical attractiveness, kindness, and socioeconomic status. We also found unique associations of the other variables with partner preferences and with willingness to engage in short- or long-term relationships. By exploring the partner preferences of non-heterosexual individuals from a Latin American country, an underrepresented group in evolutionary psychology research, our results help understand the universal and specific factors that guide partner preferences and human sexual behavior.

Comparison of digital games as a cognitive function assessment tool for current standardized neuropsychological tests.

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive dysfunction may occur postoperatively. Fast and efficient assessment of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) can minimize loss of quality of life, and therefore, a study comparing a digital game with standard neuropsychological tests to assess executive, mnemonic, and attention functions to evaluate POCD seems to be relevant both for research and clinical practice. METHODS: A battery of standardized tests and a digital game (MentalPlus®) were administered to 60 patients at the Central Institute of Hospital das Clínicas in São Paulo (36 women and 24 men), with ages between 29 and 82 years, pre- and post-surgery performed under anesthesia. Correlation and linear regression model were used to compare the scores obtained from the standardized tests to the scores of the six executive and cognitive functions evaluated by the game (short- and long-term memory, selective and alternating attention, inhibitory control, and visual perception). RESULTS: After correlation analysis, a statistically significant result was found mainly for the correlation between the scores from the phase of the digital game assessing the visuoperception function and the scores from the A and B cards of the Stroop Test (p < 0.001, r = 0.99 and r = 0.64, respectively), and the scores from TMTA (p = 0.0046, r = 0.51). We also found a moderate correlation between the phase of the game assessing short-memory function and VVLT (p < 0.001, r = 0.41). No statistically significant correlations were found for the other functions assessed. CONCLUSION: The digital game provided scores in agreement with standardized tests for evaluating visual perception and possibly short-term memory cognitive functions. Further studies are necessary to verify the correlation of other phases of the digital game with standardized tests assessing cognitive functions.

Assessment of a digital game as a neuropsychological test for postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction may result from worsening in a condition of previous impairment. It causes greater difficulty in recovery, longer hospital stays, and consequent delay in returning to work activities. Digital games have a potential neuromodulatory and rehabilitation effect. In this study, a digital game was used as a neuropsychological test to assess postoperative cognitive dysfunction, with preoperative patient performance as control. METHODS: It was a non-controlled study, with patients selected among candidates for elective non-cardiac surgery, evaluated in the pre- and postoperative periods. The digital game used has six phases developed to evaluate selective attention, alternating attention, visuoperception, inhibitory control, short-term memory, and long-term memory. The digital game takes about 25 minutes. Scores are the sum of correct answers in each cognitive domain. Statistical analysis compared these cognitive functions pre- and post-surgery using a generalized linear mixed model (ANCOVA). RESULTS: Sixty patients were evaluated, 40% male and 60% female, with a mean age of 52.7 ± 13.5 years. Except for visuoperception, a reduction in post-surgery scores was found in all phases of the digital game. CONCLUSION: The digital game was able to detect decline in several cognitive functions postoperatively. As its completion is faster than in conventional tests on paper, this digital game may be a potentially recommended tool for assessing patients, especially the elderly and in the early postoperative period.

Migramed II - Educação e saúde: condicionantes estruturais e institucionais da atração e fixação de médicos em território nacional / Migramed II - Education and health: structural and institutional constraints of attraction and fixation of physicians in national territory

INTRODUÇÃO: A partir dos resultados do MigraMed I, evidenciou-se a necessidade de aprofundar as análises dos movimentos migratórios, com o intuito de contribuir positivamente nos processos de formulação de políticas capazes de minimizar as desigualdades regionais. Assim, a migração de médicos e outros profissionais de saúde; a oferta diferenciada de capacitação; a integração entre ensino e serviços; o evolver da regionalização no território nacional; as condições e a qualidade da atenção à saúde são dimensões que carecem de explicações estruturais relacionadas com os níveis de desenvolvimento humano, social e dos serviços de saúde das diferentes localidades. OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos específicos: 1- revisão dos bancos de dados da CNRM e CFM; 2- descrição do perfil da população médica, analisando as variáveis - gênero, local de formação; local de atividade 3- descrição e quantificação dos processos migratórios de médicos 4- caracterização dos principais fluxos e movimentos migratórios dos médicos, considerando os momentos de graduação e da residência Médica. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, retrospectiva de base quantitativa, com dados de fontes secundárias. Para a execução deste projeto, o ObservaRHSP em conjunto com membros do Departamento de Informática Médica da FMUSP, estabeleceram uma parceria com o Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM) e o Conselho Regional de Medicina do Estado de São Paulo (CREMESP), que disponibilizaram seus bancos de dados dos registros dos médicos, e com a Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica referentes aos títulos de especialistas. RESULTADOS: A opção metodológica de realizar os recortes dos fluxos migratórios por década de profissionais formados, e não exatamente por momento da migração, apresenta um viés a ser considerado, qual seja o de distribuir em momentos distintos e aparentemente regulares o que pode estar ocorrendo em momentos concomitantes e interconectados. Tal opção se deu em função da limitação para discriminar adequadamente nos registros dos bancos de dados os movimentos migratórios intermediários dos profissionais, o que deve vir a ser melhorado com a revisão dos bancos pelas respectivas entidades. CONCLUSÃO: Tal estudo ganha particular interesse considerando-se que foi possível identificar mudanças de fluxos entre as décadas analisadas. Este fato talvez permita uma melhor caracterização não apenas sobre o que determina, ou orienta este movimentos, mas principalmente quando e em que intensidade estes fatores passam a exercer influência a ponto de redirecionar tais movimentos.