Health care access and smoking cessation among cancer survivors: implications for the Affordable Care Act and survivorship care.

PURPOSE: The study objectives are to examine prevalence of current smoking, and to assess the association of both health insurance (HI) and access to care with smoking cessation among cancer survivors. METHODS: We performed an analysis from a cross-sectional study of cancer survivors aged 18-64 years using nationally representative data from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. We assessed the prevalence of current smoking among cancer survivors. Also, in a subset excluding never smokers, we assessed cessation status of cancer survivors operationalized as comparing current to former smokers. RESULTS: The study population (N = 18,896) was predominantly 45-64 years of age, female, and white. The prevalence of current smoking was substantially greater among cancer survivors without HI (40.9 %) than for those with HI (19.5 %). Cancer survivors with no HI had 2-fold greater adjusted odds of not quitting cigarette smoking compared to those with HI. Among those with insurance, cancer survivors who did not have regular health care provider or could not see doctor due to cost or had their last routine checkup ≥1 year ago had 60-80 % fold greater adjusted odds of not quitting cigarette smoking compared to cancer survivors who had better access to health care. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer survivors without HI have substantially greater current smoking rates compared with those with HI. Among cancer survivors with HI, those who experienced health care access-related problems had lower cessation rates than their counterparts. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Smoking cessation needs to be recognized as a crucial component of preventive care for cancer survivors. Continuous patient engagement and cancer-patient-centered strategies are urgently needed to achieve optimal results for quit rates particularly for young cancer survivors who are most susceptible to current smoking.

Influenza vaccination among cancer survivors: disparities in prevalence between blacks and whites.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer survivors are at increased risk for influenza-related complications. Racial disparities in preventive health services have not been extensively studied among cancer survivors. Our objective is to compare influenza vaccination prevalence among black and white cancer survivors METHODS: We performed a secondary data analysis of 41,346 white and black cancer survivors (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Respondents were asked whether they had received an influenza vaccination in the previous year. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of having influenza vaccine by race. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of whites reported receiving the vaccine in the last year compared to 50 % of blacks. Blacks had significantly lower odds of vaccination after controlling for covariates significantly associated with the odds of influenza vaccination. Higher education, having health insurance, having a primary care provider, and having a routine check-up in the last year increased the odds of receiving an influenza vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis supports that racial disparities in vaccine coverage persist among cancer survivors, a group strongly recommended to receive annual influenza vaccine, even when predictors significantly associated with increased vaccination are controlled for. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: As a nationally representative survey with a large sample size, our study provides a picture of self-reported vaccine coverage among cancer survivors in the USA and the disparity that exists between blacks and whites in this population. Care teams can use these findings to better target follow-up care for cancer survivors.

Quality assessment of colonoscopy reporting: results from a statewide cancer screening program.

This paper aimed to assess quality of colonoscopy reports and determine if physicians in practice were already documenting recommended quality indicators, prior to the publication of a standardized Colonoscopy Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) in 2007. We examined 110 colonoscopy reports from 2005-2006 through Maryland Colorectal Cancer Screening Program. We evaluated 25 key data elements recommended by CO-RADS, including procedure indications, risk/comorbidity assessments, procedure technical descriptions, colonoscopy findings, specimen retrieval/pathology. Among 110 reports, 73% documented the bowel preparation quality and 82% documented specific cecal landmarks. For the 177 individual polyps identified, information on size and morphology was documented for 87% and 53%, respectively. Colonoscopy reporting varied considerately in the pre-CO-RADS period. The absence of key data elements may impact the ability to make recommendations for recall intervals. This paper provides baseline data to assess if CO-RADS has an impact on reporting and how best to improve the quality of reporting.