[Synergistic Benefits of Pollution and Carbon Reduction from Air Pollution Control in Hebei Province from 2013 to 2020].

Recently, China has been facing the dual challenges of air pollution control and carbon emission reduction. Pollution and carbon reduction have become a breakthrough point for green socio-economic transformation. Air pollutant and CO2 emission inventories provide a tool for monitoring pollution and carbon reduction; however, there have been some problems in previous studies, including incomplete species coverage, different source classifications, and narrow time scales. Based on the unified emission source classification system and estimation method, an emission inventory was developed for Hebei Province from 2013 to 2020, and the emission trends, structure change, driving force, synergistic benefits, and spatial distribution were analyzed. Hebei Province achieved a balance during the study period in socio-economic development and anthropogenic emission control. SO2 emissions decreased rapidly during the "Ten Atmospheric Measures" period. VOCs and NH3 emissions reduction were more significant during the "Blue Sky Defense War" period. The decrease rates of NOx and PM2.5 emissions were relatively stable, and CO2 emissions increased slightly. The coal-fired treatment effectively reduced the air pollutant and CO2 emissions and strengthening the emission standards for key industries reduced SO2, NOx, and PM2.5 emissions; however, the VOCs emission control requires improvement. Power and residential sources achieved co-reduction of air pollutants and CO2 and reducing residential coal optimized the energy structure, thereby leading to greater synergistic benefits in the residential source. The key pollution and carbon reduction areas in Hebei Province were Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Handan, Baoding, and Langfang. The methods and conclusions in this study can provide technical and decision-making references for regional pollution and carbon reduction efforts.

Investigation of a Mask Fitness Test Based on Self-Efficacy and Diversified Training in the Assessment System for Nosocomial Infection Training.

Objective: To explore a mask fitness test based on self-efficacy and diversified training in the assessment system for nosocomial infection training. Methods: From March 15 to April 5, 2022, 442 staff members (272 male and 170 female) of the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen who planned to enter the quarantine ward for secondary protection skill training assessment were selected. They comprised 56 doctors, 31 medical technicians, 72 nurses, and 283 property logistics staff. During the mask fitness test, a diversified training model based on self-efficacy was adopted to observe the passing status, the identification and selection of mask models, the method of mask-wearing, the fit between the mask and the face, and the changes in self-efficacy. Results: In the assessment system for nosocomial infection training, the passing rate of the mask fitness test was correlated with the identification and selection of mask models, the method of wearing masks, the fit between the mask and the face, and the diversified training, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The difference in the self-efficacy in the test takers between those before and after the mask fitness test was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the assessment system for nosocomial infection training, the mask fitness test based on self-efficacy and diversified training might improve the passing rate, the rate of correct mask model identification and selection, the rate of correct mask-wearing, and the degree of facial fit, thus to enhance the awareness of protection and improve self-efficacy.

Assessment the flavor of soybean meal hydrolyzed with Alcalase enzyme under different hydrolysis conditions by E-nose, E-tongue and HS-SPME-GC-MS.

In the present study, E-nose, E-tongue, and headspace-solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technology combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were employed to evaluate the flavor characteristics of the volatile and the non-volatile substances generated during the enzymatic hydrolysis of the soybean meal by Alcalase. The results showed that the enzymatic hydrolysis effectively reduced the content of soybean odorous substance 1-octene-3-ol and led to better flavor. However, the excessive enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in the deterioration of the enzymatic hydrolysates flavor. In addition, both radar graph and PCA of E-tongue were able to provide the distribution of flavor substances during the enzymatic hydrolysis of the soybean meal. These results provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of the flavors of the soybean meal and its derived products.

Principles of supply chain management in the time of crisis.

Hospitals face catastrophic financial challenges in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Acute shortages in materials such as masks, ventilators, intensive care unit capacity, and personal protective equipment (PPE) are a significant concern. The future success of supply chain management involves increasing the transparency of where our raw materials are sourced, diversifying of our product resources, and improving our technology that is able to predict potential shortages. It is also important to develop a proactive budgeting strategy to meet supply demands through early designation of dependable roles to support organizations and through the education of healthcare staff. In this paper, we discuss supply chain management, governance and financing, emergency protocols, including emergency procurement and supply chain, supply chain gaps and how to address them, and the importance of communication in the times of crisis.

Structural and social-economic determinants of China's transport low-carbon development under the background of aging and industrial migration.

This paper aims to explore structural and social-economic determinants of China's transport CO2 emissions (TCEs) from 2004 to 2016, by using logarithmic mean Divisa index (LMDI). Compared with existing studies, two new factors, i.e., spatial pattern and age structure, that should have impacts on TCEs, are considered in this study. Results show that during 2004-2016: (1) transportation demand and urbanization were dominant in TCEs growth, while energy intensity and industrial structure were the key factors of CO2 emissions reduction. (2) The effects exerted by age structure and CO2 emission factor change were relatively mild. The former one has a stable promoting effect, while the latter one inhibits TCEs growth. Additionally, the influence of spatial pattern on the growth of CO2 emissions from transportation was limited. (3) Energy structure and energy intensity played more important roles in reducing emissions of the transport sector in the eastern region. The effects of population size on the eastern region were much greater than those of the central and western regions, presenting the phenomenon of "eastern agglomeration". (4) In Tianjin, energy intensity and energy structure did not perform well for TCEs.

Corneal hydration assessment indicator based on terahertz time domain spectroscopy.

Terahertz technology has shown broad prospects for measuring corneal water content, which is an important parameter of ocular health. Based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, a new indicator named characteristic ratio (CR) of the sum of low (0.2-0.7 THz) and high (0.7-1.0 THz) frequency spectral intensities, for characterizing corneal hydration is introduced in this work. CR is calculated from the real-time reflection spectra after error elimination of ex vivo human corneal stroma samples which is collected during dehydration under natural conditions (temperature: 22.4 ± 0.3°C; humidity: 20.0 ± 3%). The corresponding relationships between CR and corneal water content are reported. Comparing the linear fitting results with the published similar study, the coefficients of variation of the fitting slope and intercept are 39.4% and 27.6% lower, respectively. This indicates that this approach has the potential to achieve corneal water content in-vivo detection in the future.

Multi-method assessment of whale shark (Rhincodon typus) residency, distribution, and dispersal behavior at an aggregation site in the Red Sea.

Whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) are typically dispersed throughout their circumtropical range, but the species is also known to aggregate in specific coastal areas. Accurate site descriptions associated with these aggregations are essential for the conservation of R. typus, an Endangered species. Although aggregations have become valuable hubs for research, most site descriptions rely heavily on sightings data. In the present study, visual census, passive acoustic monitoring, and long range satellite telemetry were combined to track the movements of R. typus from Shib Habil, a reef-associated aggregation site in the Red Sea. An array of 63 receiver stations was used to record the presence of 84 acoustically tagged sharks (35 females, 37 males, 12 undetermined) from April 2010 to May 2016. Over the same period, identification photos were taken for 76 of these tagged individuals and 38 were fitted with satellite transmitters. In total of 37,461 acoustic detections, 210 visual encounters, and 33 satellite tracks were analyzed to describe the sharks' movement ecology. The results demonstrate that the aggregation is seasonal, mostly concentrated on the exposed side of Shib Habil, and seems to attract sharks of both sexes in roughly equal numbers. The combined methodologies also tracked 15 interannual homing-migrations, demonstrating that many sharks leave the area before returning in later years. When compared to acoustic studies from other aggregations, these results demonstrate that R. typus exhibits diverse, site-specific ecologies across its range. Sightings-independent data from acoustic telemetry and other sources are an effective means of validating more common visual surveys.

Erratum to "[18F]ML-10 Imaging for Assessment of Apoptosis Response of Intracranial Tumor Early after Radiosurgery by PET/CT".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2018/9365174.].

[18F]ML-10 Imaging for Assessment of Apoptosis Response of Intracranial Tumor Early after Radiosurgery by PET/CT.

[18F]ML-10 is a novel apoptosis radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET). We assess the apoptosis response of intracranial tumor early after CyberKnife (CK) treatment by [18F]ML-10 PET imaging. 29 human subjects (30 lesions), diagnosed with intracranial tumors, underwent CK treatment at 14-24 Gy in 1-3 fractions, had [18F]ML-10 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before (pre-CK) and 48 hours after (post-CK) CK treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were taken before and 8 weeks after CK treatment. Voxel-based analysis was used for the imaging analysis. Heterogeneous changes of apoptosis in tumors before and after treatment were observed on voxel-based analysis of PET images. A positive correlation was observed between the change in radioactivity (X) and subsequent tumor volume (Y) (r=0.862, p < 0.05), with a regression equation of Y=1.018∗X - 0.016. Malignant tumors tend to be more sensitive to CK treatment, but the treatment outcome is not affected by pre-CK apoptotic status of tumor cells; [18F]ML-10 PET imaging could be taken as an assessment 48 h after CK treatment.

Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Glycobiomarkers Using Advanced Quantitative N-glycoproteome Analysis.

Hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence of metastasis. Glycosylation is involved in fundamental molecular and cell biology process occurring in cancer including metastasis formation. In this study, lectin microarray, lectin blotting, lectin affinity chromatography and tandem 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis were applied to quantify the changes in N-glycosite occupancy for HCC metastasis serum. Firstly, lectin microarray was used to screen glycoforms and Phaseolus vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) reactive structure (ß1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycan) was found to be increased significantly in HCC patients with metastasis compared with those with non-metastasis. Then, PHA-L affinity glycoproteins were enriched followed by N-glycosite occupancy measurement with strategy of tandem 18O stable isotope labeling. 11 glycoproteins with significantly changed N-glycosite occupancy were identified, they were associated with cell migration, invasion and adhesion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Quantification of N-glycosite occupancy for PHA-L reactive glycoproteins could help to discover important glycoproteins of potential clinically significance in terms of HCC etiology. Also, understanding of N-glycosite occupancy alterations will aid the characterization of molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis as well as establishment of novel glycobiomarkers.

Emergy-based comparative analysis of energy intensity in different industrial systems.

With the rapid economic development, energy consumption of China has been the second place in the world next to the USA. Usually, measuring energy consumption intensity or efficiency applies heat unit which is joule per gross domestic production (GDP) or coal equivalent per GDP. However, this measuring approach is only oriented by the conversion coefficient of heat combustion which does not match the real value of the materials during their formation in the ecological system. This study applied emergy analysis to evaluate the energy consumption intensity to fill this gap. Emergy analysis is considered as a bridge between ecological system and economic system, which can evaluate the contribution of ecological products and services as well as the load placed on environmental systems. In this study, emergy indicator for performing energy consumption intensity of primary energy was proposed. Industrial production is assumed as the main contributor of energy consumption compared to primary and tertiary industries. Therefore, this study validated this method by investigating the two industrial case studies which were Dalian Economic Development Area (DEDA) and Fuzhou economic and technological area (FETA), to comparatively study on their energy consumption intensity between the different kinds of industrial systems and investigate the reasons behind the differences. The results show that primary energy consumption (PEC) of DEDA was much higher than that of FETA during 2006 to 2010 and its primary energy consumption ratio (PECR) to total emergy involvement had a dramatically decline from year 2006 to 2010. In the same time, nonrenewable energy of PEC in DEDA was also much higher than that in FETA. The reason was that industrial structure of DEDA was mainly formed by heavy industries like petro-chemistry industry, manufacturing industries, and high energy-intensive industries. However, FETA was formed by electronic business, food industry, and light industries. Although the GDP of DEDA was much higher than that of FETA, its energy intensity was higher as well. Through the 5-year development, energy consumption intensity in DEDA made a significant reduction from 3.90E+16 seJ/$ to 1.84E+16 seJ/$, which was attributed by the improvement of industrial structure, construction of eco-industrial park and circular economic industrial park. The proposed emergy indicator for demonstrating energy consumption intensity overcame the weakness that the indicator was only transformed from the heat burning. Therefore, this study shows an optional way to measure energy consumption intensity from the perspective of material ecological contribution.

Life cycle cost optimization of biofuel supply chains under uncertainties based on interval linear programming.

The aim of this work was to develop a model for optimizing the life cycle cost of biofuel supply chain under uncertainties. Multiple agriculture zones, multiple transportation modes for the transport of grain and biofuel, multiple biofuel plants, and multiple market centers were considered in this model, and the price of the resources, the yield of grain and the market demands were regarded as interval numbers instead of constants. An interval linear programming was developed, and a method for solving interval linear programming was presented. An illustrative case was studied by the proposed model, and the results showed that the proposed model is feasible for designing biofuel supply chain under uncertainties.

[Ex vivo assessment of coronary lesions by optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound in comparison with histology results].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in the detection of ex vivo coronary plaques with different compositions compared with histology results. METHODS: OCT and IVUS were performed in 15 autopsied heart specimens and the isolated coronary artery was assessed by routine histological processing thereafter. Coronary plaques were classified into 3 types (lipid-rich plaque, calcified plaque and fibrous plaque) according to standard criteria respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of different types of plaque by OCT and IVUS were calculated according histology results. RESULTS: Seventy seven coronary plaques were analyzed. OCT demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 69% and 88% for lipid-rich plaque, 93% and 92% for calcified plaque, 88% and 98% for fibrous plaque. IVUS demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 61% and 92%, 98% and 97%, 68% and 90% respectively. The agreement between OCT and IVUS in assessment of coronary plaque was 0.831 (Kappa = 0.72, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Both OCT and IVUS correctly detected ex vivo coronary plaques and there was a good agreement in assessment of coronary plaques between OCT and IVUS. OCT is superior to IVUS in assessment of fibrous plaque and is similar as IVUS in assessment of calcified plaque.

Value-based medicine analysis on loop electrosurgical excision procedure and CO2 laser vaporization for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2.

AIM: The best treatment option for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) is controversial and there is a lack of studies in value-based medicine. This multicenter comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectives and quality of life (QOL) of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and CO(2) laser vaporization for the treatment of CIN2. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A database of LEEP and laser vaporizations performed at three research centers was created. Patients with colposcopic-histopathologically confirmed CIN2 were randomly submitted to LEEP and laser vaporization. Cytology, human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA test and histology were performed, and a questionnaire on QOL was filled out during follow-up. Effectiveness, cost-effectives and QOL were analyzed. RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty-eight women with CIN2 were included in the study. Frequencies of remission, and persistent and recurrent CIN were 89.2%, 7.2%, and 3.6% for LEEP, and 86.7%, 12.6%, 0.70% for laser, respectively. There was no significant difference in remission and persistence of CIN. There was a significant difference in the number of operations, recovery time and costs. Women treated with two methods showed relatively identical QOL. CONCLUSION: Both LEEP and CO(2) laser vaporization are effective and reliable treatments for CIN2, whereas cervical tissue can be obtained for histology by LEEP. Preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up are important. Gynecologists should pay attention to QOL of patients with CIN.

[Pb pollution on surfaces in a typical coking plant and health risk assessment].

Pb pollution on the surfaces of buildings and devices at a coking plant was studied. The objectives of this study were to determine the Pb content and its spatial variation on the surfaces, and to assess the potential health risk from this Pb. Ninety-four wipe samples were collected from 56 buildings and devices at the coking plant, and their Pb contents were determined. Surface Pb concentrations ranged from 0-538 micro x g/dm2, and concentrations in 78.7% of the samples exceeded the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) standard (2.69 microg/dm2). By area, the proportion of samples with concentrations greater than the US HUD standard were 78.9% in the office and living zone, 75.0% in the refining zone, 73.7% in the coking zone and 78.6% in the coke-gas zone. Among the various types of surfaces, the coke pusher had the highest average surface concentration of Pb. The average surface concentrations of Ph on common coking plant surface materials followed the order paints > brick > cement > glass, and the concentrations in 94.4% of the wipe samples taken from paint surfaces exceeded the US HUD standard.

[Controlled clinical trials of cost-effectiveness analysis on poking reduction and open reduction for the treatment of sanders type II calcaneal fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cost-effectiveness of poking reduction and open reduction for the treatment of Sanders type II calcaneal fractures, in order to provide evidence for standard treatment. METHODS: From 2006.10 to 2008.10, 80 patients with Sanders type II calcaneal fractures were selected from Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and randomly divided into poking reduction group and open reduction group with 40 cases in each group. There were 26 males and 14 females in poking reduction group and 30 males and 10 females in open reduction group. The average age of patients in poking reduction group was (36.60+/-3.15) years, and (37.10+/-3.45) years in open reduction group. Bohler angle, Gissane angle, the width of central calcaneus, stance phase of gait, HM-HL,arch index and subtalair joint flexibility were measured. The clinical results and expenses of the two treatment schemes were compared and concluded with the method of cost-effetiveness analysis. RESULTS: In the poking reduction group and open reduction group, the Böhler angle were (30.32+/-1.72) degree and (30.54+/-3.13) degree, Gissane angle were (133.73+/-6.73) degree and (134.86+/-4.90) degree, the width of central calcaneus were (30.18+/-1.59) mm and (30.24+/-1.25) mm, stance phase of gait were (0.679+/-0.070) s and (0.715+/-0.090) s, HM-HL were--(36.49+/-7.56) N and -(34.32+/-6.50) N,arch index were (30.26+/-2.69) and (30.47+/-1.89), and subtalair joint flexibility were (10.53+/-2.30) degree and (10.89+/-1.86) degree respectively. The cost-effectiveness ratio (C/E) were 6.06 and 136.19 respectively. CONCLUSION: Cost-effectiveness ratio of the poking reduction is superior to that of the open reduction in treating Sanders type II calcaneal fractures. Poking reduction is a useful method to treat Sanders type II calcaneal fractures with rapid wound healing and less cost.