RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Periodontal inflammation is associated with morphological changes in the blood vessels which may influence the regulation of gingival blood flow (GBF). Our aim was to adapt the heat provocation test to the human gingiva to assess vascular reactivity in periodontal inflammation. METHOD: GBF was recorded by Laser Doppler Flowmetry before and after heat provocation in healthy volunteers (n = 50). Heat was generated either by warm saline or a halogen lamp. The latter method was also utilized for a heat test in non-smoking and smoking patients with periodontal inflammation. The circulatory parameters were correlated to the inflammatory marker, i.e. gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) production measured by Periotron. RESULTS: Local application of heat caused a rapid, significant and transient increase in GBF regardless of the method used. The increase in the speed and not in the concentration of moving blood cells was responsible for increased GBF. Higher GCF values were correlated with increased peak flow, flux pulse amplitude and faster restoration of GBF after the test in non-smokers, but not in smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The heat test could be a valuable tool to check the vascular reactivity of gingival vessels. Moderate periodontal inflammation may facilitate gingival vascular responsiveness which can be suppressed by smoking.
Assuntos
Gengiva/irrigação sanguínea , Temperatura Alta , Microcirculação , Periodontite/fisiopatologia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Gengiva/metabolismo , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/metabolismo , Humanos , Hiperemia/fisiopatologia , Fluxometria por Laser-Doppler , Periodontite/diagnóstico , Projetos Piloto , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Sympathetic and parasympathetic reinnervation of the transplanted heart were evaluated by assessing time and frequency domain measurements of heart rate variability at 5 and 8 years. Continuous 24-hour ECG measurements were performed in 13 patients (57 +/- 6 months and 90 +/- 7 months) after orthotopic cardiac transplantation and in 22 healthy age and gender-matched controls, and were analyzed for heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains. Heart rate variability measures reflective of sympathetic reinnervation were sub-normal at 5 years and unchanged at 8 years: those reflective of parasympathetic reinnervation were absent.