Does economic complexity help in achieving environmental sustainability? New empirical evidence from N-11 countries.

In view of the SDGs argued by UNO, it is vital to address the pressing issues regarding sustainable development. The aim of current study is to investigate the impact of economic complexity (ECC) on environmental sustainability. To achieve this aim, we sampled the 25 years of data of Next-11 countries over the period 1995 to 2019. The economic complexity was measured by the economic complexity index (ECI) while environmental sustainability was measured by two proxy variables including CO2 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The empirical analysis was established by utilizing the unit root test, cointegration test, FMOLS (fully modified OLS) and DOLS (dynamic OLS) models. The estimated coefficient values disclosed that ECC has a negative and statistically significant relationship with both CO2 and GHG emissions in the long run, implying that ECC ensured environmental sustainability. In addition, the analysis reveals that financial development has a negative while economic growth and energy imports have a positive and statistically significant association with both CO2 and GHG emissions. The findings of the current study suggested an important policy regarding the focus on ECC for achieving environmental sustainability in underlying economies. This study provides robustness to the existing literature in alternative data settings (N-11 countries) and by the unique objective of focusing on environmental sustainability.

Economic growth, foreign investment, tourism, and electricity production as determinants of environmental quality: empirical evidence from GCC region.

Each economic factor generates both positive and negative externalities regarding environmental quality. Owing to this, the current study aims to explore the impacts of various economic variables on the environmental quality of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. By sampling the 24 years (1996-2019) financial statistics of six GCC region countries, we investigate the impact of economic growth, foreign investment, trade volume, tourism investment and revenue, and electricity production on CO2 emissions. The empirical analysis is based upon dynamic least square and fully modified ordinary least square model due to the existence of cointegration. Following the results, economic growth, foreign investment, tourism investment, electricity production, and population density have a positive impact, while trade volume and banking development have a negative impact on the volume of CO2 emissions. The results support the pollution haven hypothesis in the GCC region and have many policies for environmental economists regarding the protection of the natural environment in the long run. In parallel to economic growth, the policy officials from the GCC region should focus on environmental sustainability. They should exert more effort for developing sustainable economic growth policies. The current analysis offers new insights regarding the dynamic role of various economic factors in establishing the CO2 emission volume in the GCC region.

The effects of Agriculture Productivity, Land Intensification, on Sustainable Economic Growth: A panel analysis from Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan Economies.

Population in South Asia is increasing ever than a faster rate, subsequently; food security, climate change, and capital intensive agro farming techniques are the prevailing challenges in this region. This is a tri-country penal analysis, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, and the study covers the data throughout (1973-2020). This study has used modern farm input data besides demographic variables in the study. In this study, we use panel data set, ARDL (PMG) approach, autoregressive distributed lag model pooled mean group, which is an extensively dynamic modeling technique for heterogeneous data. The results of the study explore that transition in the demographic pattern in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh is the real cause of low crop productivity and land intensification. Technology innovation is the only ray of hope to fulfill the food demand of the future ahead and climate agriculture practices can hamper the further deterioration of the small farmlands.

Does green environmental innovation really matter for carbon-free economy? Nexus among green technological innovation, green international trade, and green power generation.

This study examines the association among the green energy production (GEP), green technological innovation (GTI), and green international trade (GIT) on the ecological footprints (EFP). In addition, this research applies fully modified least square (FMOLS) to estimate the empirical outcomes, while dynamic least square (DOLS) is used to check the robustness of the outcomes. Although, the selection of the assessment technique depends on the order of integration of the selected series. Before estimation, some diagnostic tests are also performed to ensure the reliability of the data set. Furthermore, the empirical outcomes of the present analysis are twofold: at begin, this research discovered a negative relationship between GEP and EFP. Secondly, this research reveals that GTI has also an adverse impact on EFP along with GIT, which is unsurprising. Results imply that advancement in green technological innovations tends to improve the EQ by reducing the level of EFP.

The relationship between staple food crops consumption and its impact on total factor productivity: does green economy matter?

The agriculture sector is a key driver of economic growth and provides employment opportunities across the globe generally. However, in today's world, agricultural product demand is more influenced by taste, prices, and nutritional value due to climatic variation. The study has analyzed the current situation grain productivity by using the data of farm inputs and major grain crops of Pakistan from (1960-2020). The study consists of a two-stage analysis in the first stage, the total factor productivity (TFP) variable is obtained by using the parametric Tornqvisit-Theil index output-input-aggregation method separately for each crop; rice, maize, and wheat. After that, the unit root test is used to check the stationarity and trend of the variables in the long run. Subsequently, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is applied to check the existence of cointegration in the long run and short run among the variables. The results of the study disclosed that the consumption of rice has a positive relationship with its total factor productivity, but, wheat and maize have a negative long-run cointegration relationship with the respective productivities. The study results have shown that the consumption pattern of staple crops has substantially changed, due to climatic variation, and the current food consumption trend is revealing new dimensions and trends owing to variation in climate change and anthropogenic pressure which demands to adapt climate resilient farm practices.

Does foreign private investment affect the clean industrial environment? Nexus among foreign private investment, CO2 emissions, energy consumption, trade openness, and sustainable economic growth.

This study examines to what extent foreign private investment (FPI) affects the clean industrial environment and sustainable economic growth through developed countries investment in China. Moreover, this study investigates an association among FPI, CO2 emission, energy consumption, trade openness, and sustainable economic growth. This study uses random effects and generalized least squares (GLS) and panel VAR estimators for data analysis. The results show that China's economy has a great positive impact on the location and choice of investment in domestic markets in emerging countries and developed countries. In addition, investment in emerging and developed economies has increased the contribution of domestic enterprises and environmental sustainability to the national economy. The further results show that foreign private investment and gross domestic investment have positive impact on sustainable economic growth.

Does sustainable environmental agenda matter in the era of globalization? The relationship among financial development, energy consumption, and sustainable environmental-economic growth.

The purpose of this research is to explore the connection of financial development, sustainable environmental-economic growth, and energy consumption among the South Asian Nations. This research examines a combine influence on energy consumption, financial development on sustainable environmental economic growth regarding south Asian economies. This study has used autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) and panel data set from World Development Indicators (WDI) start from 1980 to 2018. The findings of this study indicate a significant and positive effect of financial development toward economic growth of selected south Asian economies. However, energy consumption has also positive impact toward sustainable environmental-economic growth, which further leads toward sustainable environmental agenda progress. Finally, energy consumption results have positive effect on sustainable economic growth among mean group (MG), pooled mean group (PMG), and common correlated effect mean group (CMEMG) results.

Does globalization affect the green economy and environment? The relationship between energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth.

This study analyzes the relationship between globalization, energy consumption, and economic growth among selected South Asian countries to promote the green economy and environment. This study also finds causal association between energy growth and nexus of CO2 emissions and employed the premises of the EKC framework. The study used annual time series analysis, starting from 1985 to 2019. The data set has been collected from the World Development Indicator (WDI). The result of a fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) method describes a significantly worse quality environment in the South Asian region. The individual country as Bangladesh shows a positively significant impact on the CO2 emissions and destroys the level of environment regarding non-renewable energy and globalization index. However, negative and positive growth levels (GDP) and square of GDP confirm the EKC hypothesis in this region. This study has identified the causality between GDP growth and carbon emission and found bidirectional causality between economic growth and energy use.