RESUMO
This paper contains a systematic exploration of local and national archives and sources relevant to charities and humanitarian fund appeals of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras (1870-1912) in Great Britain. It shows that the charitable world and humanitarian work share the same matrix and originate from the same roots, with considerable overlap between fundraising for domestic charity and overseas relief. These campaigns engaged in crucial self-regulatory processes very early on that involved concepts such as formal accountability and the close monitoring of delivery. Far from lagging behind in terms of formal practices of auditing and accounts, charities and humanitarian funds often were in the pioneering group as compared with mainstream businesses of the period. The charitable sector, notably through the Charity Organisation Society in cooperation with the press, developed and delivered accountability and monitoring, while the state and the Charity Commission played a negligible role in this process.
Assuntos
Altruísmo , Instituições de Caridade/história , Obtenção de Fundos/história , Socorro em Desastres/história , Arquivos , Instituições de Caridade/organização & administração , Obtenção de Fundos/organização & administração , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Socorro em Desastres/organização & administração , Autocontrole , Responsabilidade Social , Reino UnidoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The disaster response environment in Haiti following the 2010 earthquake represented a complex healthcare challenge. This study was designed to identify challenges during the Haiti disaster response. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative study of injured patients carried out six months after the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti to review the surgical inputs of foreign medical teams. RESULTS: Study findings revealed a need during the response for improved medical records and data gathering for regulation, quality assurance, coordination and resource allocation; wider adherence to standard patient referral mechanisms and protocols linking surgical service provision with appropriate hospital and community based rehabilitation services; a greater recognition of the impact of non-amputation injury, and the need for patients to have a greater say in their management and to be the keepers of their medical records. Key first steps to improving the international response are a minimum dataset and uniform reporting. CONCLUSION: This study showed that challenges for emergency medical response during the Haiti Earthquake involved issues of accountability, professional ethics, standards-of-care, unmet needs, patient agency and expected outcomes for patients in such settings:
Assuntos
Terremotos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Amputação Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Amputados/reabilitação , Planejamento em Desastres , Terremotos/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Haiti , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Avaliação das NecessidadesRESUMO
This article considers the exceptional fate of the orphan survivors of the great Algerian demographic crisis of the late 1860s who subsequently converted to Catholicism. Using a prosopographical approach, this study seeks to highlight the complexities of national identity in France and to explore some of the racial tensions emerging in Algeria in the late nineteenth century.