Robot-assisted pelvic and renal surgery compared with laparoscopic or open surgery: Literature review of cost-effectiveness and clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical experiences and cost-effectiveness by comparing robot-assisted surgery with laparoscopic- or open surgery for pelvic and renal operations. METHODS: A narrative review was carried out. RESULTS: When using robotic-assisted surgery, oncological and functional results are similar to after laparoscopic or open surgery. One exception may be a shorter survival in cancer of the cervix uteri. In addition, postoperative complications after robotic-assisted surgery are similar, bleeding and transfusion needs are less, and the hospital stay is shorter but the preparation of the operating theater before and after surgery and the operation times are longer. Finally, robot-assisted surgery has, in several studies, been reported to be not cost-effective primarily due to high investment costs. However, more recent studies provide improved cost-effectiveness estimates due to more effective preparation of the operating theater before surgery, improved surgeon experience, and decreased investment costs. CONCLUSIONS: Complications and functional and oncological outcomes after robot-assisted surgery are similar to open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. The cost-effectiveness of robot-assisted surgery is likely to equal or surpass the alternatives.

Intraoperativ strålbehandling vid primär operation för bröstcancer - TARGIT-A-studien ej konklusiv.

The TARGIT-A (TARGeted Intraoperative radioTherapy) multicentre study of early breast cancer compared intraoperative radiotherapy with external radiotherapy. While the intraoperative radiotherapy was standardised, the external postoperative comparison treatment followed established routines in the participating treatment centres resulting in substantial variations in dosages and treatment durations. The uncertainties in the interpretation of the study results created by the design of the TARGIT-A study constitute substantial obstacles to the possible introduction of intraoperative radiotherapy for early breast cancer.

Maternal influence on child HPA axis: a prospective study of cortisol levels in hair.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cortisol concentrations in hair as biomarker of prolonged stress in young children and their mothers and the relation to perinatal and sociodemographic factors. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 100 All Babies In Southeast Sweden study participants with repeated measures at 1, 3, 5, and 8 years and their mothers during pregnancy. Prolonged stress levels were assessed through cortisol in hair. A questionnaire covered perinatal and sociodemographic factors during the child's first year of life. RESULTS: Maternal hair cortisol during the second and third trimester and child hair cortisol at year 1 and 3 correlated. Child cortisol in hair levels decreased over time and correlated to each succeeding age, between years 1 and 3 (r = 0.30, P = .002), 3 and 5 (r = 0.39, P < .001), and 5 and 8 (r = 0.44, P < .001). Repeated measures gave a significant linear association over time (P < .001). There was an association between high levels of hair cortisol and birth weight (ß = .224, P = .020), nonappropriate size for gestational age (ß = .231, P = .017), and living in an apartment compared with a house (ß = .200, P = .049). In addition, we found high levels of cortisol in hair related to other factors associated with psychosocial stress exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Correlation between hair cortisol levels in mothers and their children suggests a heritable trait or maternal calibration of the child's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Cortisol output gradually stabilizes and seems to have a stable trait. Cortisol concentration in hair has the potential to become a biomarker of prolonged stress, especially applicable as a noninvasive method when studying how stress influences children's health.

[Comprehensive quality indicators for health care services]. / Overgripande kvalitetsindikatorer framtagna för hälso- och sjukvården.

On behalf of the Swedish government, the National Board of Health and Welfare recently issued a recommended set of 60 quality indicators for broad monitoring of the quality of national health care. This initiative is in concordance with similar international initiatives. The Swedish process, however, is unique in the sense that the professions have developed the indicator and more than 40 national quality registers already monitor most of them. Health care professionals in Sweden have a long-standing tradition of measuring and monitoring results including comparing the quality of different health providers by means of the quality registers. However, the transparency by which these measures are presented, the general understanding of how such data should be interpreted and used in practice is as yet not sufficiently developed. Transparency of data combined with knowledgeable interpretation by health professionals will provide patients with sound information about health care quality and the necessary prerequisites for making comparisons between providers. It will also help guiding managers and politicians making decisions. In order to reach this objective, close co-operation between patient organisations, health care managers and the professionals is needed including a common understanding of the needs and perspectives of all parties.