Uso de recursos y costos de hospitalizaciones por insufi ciencia card í aca: un estudio retrospective multic é ntrico en Argentina.

OBJECTIVES: Heart failure has a great impact on health budget, mainly due to the cost of hospitalizations. Our aim was to describe health resource use and costs of heart failure admissions in three important institutions in Argentina. METHODS: Multi-center retrospective cohort study, with descriptive and analytical analysis by subgroups of ejection fraction, blood pressure and renal function at admission. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association of independent variables to main outcomes. RESULTS: We included 301 subjects; age 75.3±11.8 years; 37% women; 57% with depressed ejection fraction; 46% of coronary etiology. Blood pressure at admission was 129.8±29.7 mmHg; renal function 57.9±26.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. Overall mortality was 7%. Average length of stay was 7.82±7.06 days (median 5.69), and was significantly longer in patients with renal impairment (8.9 vs. 8.18; p=0.03) and shorter in those with high initial blood pressure (6.08±4.03; p=0.009). Mean cost per patient was AR$68,861±96,066 (US$=8,071; 1US$=AR$8.532); 71% attributable to hospital stay, 20% to interventional procedures and 6.7% to diagnostic studies. Variables independently associated with higher costs were depressed ejection fraction, presence of valvular disease, and impaired renal function. CONCLUSIONS: Resource use and costs associated to hospitalizations for heart failure is high, and the highest proportion is attributable to the costs related to hospital stay.

Utilidad de la resonancia magnética cardíaca en la valoración de los pacientes con dolor torácico, troponinas elevadas y ausencia de obstrucción arterial coronaria / Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Chest Pain, High Troponin Levels and Absence of Coronary Artery Obstruction

El infarto de miocardio con coronarias angiográficamente normales tiene una prevalencia de aproximadamente el 7-10%. Muchas veces, el diagnóstico etiológico es dificultoso, y tiene importancia tanto en la clínica como en el pronóstico. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue mostrar una serie consecutiva de pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de síndrome coronario agudo con elevación de troponina y ausencia de obstrucción arterial coronaria; en los cuales, la RM cardíaca (RMC) orientó al diagnóstico etiológico mediante la caracterización de la lesión miocárdica. Desde enero de 2005 hasta diciembre de 2009 ingresaron 720 pacientes consecutivos, con diagnóstico inicial de síndrome coronario agudo y troponinas positivas, de los cuales, 64 no presentaron lesiones coronarias angiográficamente significativas. A estos pacientes, luego del cateterismo (dentro de las 72 ± 24 hs) se les practicó RMC, realizándose secuencias de cine (b-SSFP) en eje corto, con 2, 3 y 4 cámaras para valorar la motilidad segmentaria, en secuencias potenciadas en T2 e imágenes de realce tardío del miocardio (RTM) con secuencia "inversión-recuperación". De estos pacientes, 39 fueron diagnosticados de miocarditis; 12 con infartos, 8 con síndrome de Takotsubo, 2 con miocardiopatía hipertrófica apical y solo 3 casos quedaron sin diagnóstico. Estos hallazgos ponen de manifiesto la gran utilidad de la RMC en el escenario clínico de síndromes de dolor precordial, ECG no definitivos y troponinas elevadas con arterias angiográficamente normales. La presencia de RTM y su patrón de distribución permiten definir el diagnóstico etiológico y orientar a la interpretación del proceso fisiopatológico.

The prevalence of myocardial infarction with angiographically normal coronary arteries is approximately 7-10%. The etiological diagnosis is sometimes difficult and is important in terms of clinical practice and prognosis. The goal of our study was to show a series of consecutive patients with an initial diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome with high troponin levels and absence of coronary artery obstruction in which cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) gave a description of the myocardial lesion, orientating towards the etiological diagnosis. From January 2005 to December 2009, 720 consecutive patients with an initial diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and elevated troponins were included; 64 of these patients did not present angiographically significant coronary artery stenosis. Within 72 ± 24 h after coronary angiography, these patients underwent CMRI using b-SSFP sequences for cine imaging in short-axis, 2-, 3- and 4- chamber views for the evaluation of segmental wall motion, with T2-weighted and delayed enhancement (DE) images of the myocardium with an "inversion-recovery" sequence. The following diagnoses were made: myocarditis (39 patients); myocardial infarction (12 patients); Tako-Tsubo syndrome (8 patients); apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2 patients); 3 patients remained without diagnosis. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of CMRI in the clinical scenario of patients with chest pain, inconclusive ECG findings and high troponin levels with angiographically normal coronary arteries. The presence and distribution pattern of DE make it possible to define the etiological diagnosis and interpret the physiopathological process.