Health and life insurance-related problems in very long-term cancer survivors in Germany: a population-based study.

PURPOSE: Limited research suggests that cancer survivors have problems with insurance. Our study aimed to gain insight into the proportion of very long-term (14-24 years post-diagnosis) survivors of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers who had problems with health (HI) and life (LI) insurance. METHODS: We used data from CAESAR (CAncEr Survivorship-A multi-Regional population-based study). Participants completed questions on change in insurance providers since cancer diagnosis, problems with requesting (additional) HI or LI, and how potential problems were resolved. We conducted logistic regression to determine factors associated with change in statutory HI. RESULTS: Of the 2714 respondents, 174 (6%) reported having changed HI providers. Most switched between different statutory HI providers (86%), 9% from statutory to private, and 5% from private to statutory. Respondents who changed statutory HI providers were more likely to be prostate cancer survivors (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.01-7.68) while being ≥ 65 years at time of diagnosis (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.96) and having ≥ 2 comorbid conditions (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.92) were associated with reduced odds for change. Problems in changing HI were minimal and were resolved with additional contribution. Of the 310 respondents who tried to get LI, 25 respondents reported having difficulties, of whom the majority had their request rejected. CONCLUSION: Most cancer survivors did not change their HI nor tried to buy LI after cancer diagnosis. Problems with changing statutory HI were generally resolved with additional contribution while the main problem encountered when buying LI was rejection of request.

Association of laparoscopic colectomy versus open colectomy on the long-term health-related quality of life of colon cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colectomy (LC) is a less invasive alternative to open colectomy (OC) in the treatment of stage I-III colon cancer. Research on the long-term (5-year post-diagnosis) health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of LC patients is scarce. Our study aimed to compare the long-term HRQOL and psychological well-being of stage I-III colon cancer survivors treated either with LC or OC. METHODS: This study used a German population-based cohort of patients treated with either LC (n = 86) or OC (n = 980). LC patients were matched to OC patients using a propensity score. At 5-year follow-up, patients completed assessments on HRQOL (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CR29) and psychological well-being (distress and disease/treatment burden). Least square mean scores of HRQOL were derived using linear regression. Proportions of patients with moderate/high distress and disease/treatment burden were compared with Chi-square tests. RESULTS: In total, 81 LC patients were matched to 156 OC patients. Generally, LC patients had HRQOL comparable to OC patients, albeit LC patients reported significantly better body image (87.1 versus 81.0, p = 0.03). Distress levels were generally low and comparable between the two groups, even though LC patients were more likely to experience disease recurrence (16% versus 7%, p = 0.02) than OC patients. OC patients were more likely to feel moderate/high levels of burden associated with the treatment (72% versus 56%, p = 0.01) and the time after treatment completion (43% versus 28%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: LC patients reported comparable long-term HRQOL outcomes but higher levels of psychological well-being than OC patients 5 years after diagnosis, even though LC was associated with higher risk of disease recurrence.

Age at Diagnosis and Sex Are Associated With Long-term Deficits in Disease-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life of Survivors of Colon and Rectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing number of younger individuals diagnosed with colon and rectal cancer, research on the long-term disease-specific health-related quality of life of younger (<50 years) survivors of colon and rectal cancer is scarce. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to compare disease-specific functional deficits and symptoms of survivors of colon and rectal cancer 5 to 16 years postdiagnosis, stratified by age at diagnosis and by sex. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. SETTING: We used data from the population-based CAncEr Survivorship-A multi-Regional study in collaboration with 5 population-based German cancer registries. PATIENTS: Survivors of colon and rectal cancer were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Respondents completed the disease-specific European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life colorectal cancer module. Age at diagnosis categories were <50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and ≥70 years. Least square mean health-related quality of life scores, derived from linear regression, were adjusted for sex, education, time since diagnosis, cancer site, cancer stage, and treatment, where appropriate. RESULTS: The sample comprised 697 survivors of colon cancer and 479 survivors of rectal cancer. In general, survivors of colon and rectal cancer diagnosed at <50 years of age reported lower functioning and higher symptom burden in comparison with survivors diagnosed at an older age. When stratified by sex, female survivors of colon cancer tended to report more concerns with hair loss but fewer sexual problems when compared with male survivors of colon cancer of the same age. Female survivors of rectal cancer in all age groups tended to report lower levels of sexual interest than male survivors of rectal cancer of the same age. LIMITATIONS: This was a cross-sectional study with findings that could be biased toward healthier long-term survivors. The generalizability of results is limited to survivors diagnosed before 2005. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that supportive care for survivors of colon and rectal cancer to improve their self-management of symptoms should be adapted according to cancer type, age at diagnosis, and sex. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B29. LA EDAD AL DIAGNÓSTICO Y EL GÉNERO ESTÁN ASOCIADOS CON DÉFICITS A LARGO PLAZO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA RELACIONADA CON LA SALUD ESPECíFICA DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LOS SOBREVIVIENTES DE CÁNCER DE COLON Y RECTO: UN ESTUDIO BASADO EN LA POBLACIÓN:: A pesar del creciente número de individuos jóvenes diagnosticados con cáncer de colon y recto, la investigación sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud específica de la enfermedad a largo plazo de los sobrevivientes de cáncer de colon y recto jóvenes (<50 años) es escasa.Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los déficits funcionales específicos de la enfermedad y los síntomas de los sobrevivientes de cáncer de colon y recto 5-16 años después del diagnóstico, estratificados por edad al momento del diagnóstico y por género.Transversal.Utilizamos datos del estudio Supervivencia de CAncEr basada en la población: Un estudio multirregional en colaboración con cinco bases de datos alemanas de cáncer basados en la población.Sobrevivientes de cáncer de colon y recto.Los encuestados respondieron el módulo de calidad de vida específica para la enfermedad en cáncer colorrectal de la Organización Europea para la Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer. Las categorías de edad al diagnóstico fueron <50, 50-59, 60-69 y ≥70 años. Los puntajes de CVRS (calidad de vida relacionada a la salud) medios mínimos cuadrados, derivados de la regresión lineal, se ajustaron por género, educación, tiempo desde el diagnóstico, sitio del cáncer, etapa del cáncer y tratamiento, cuando apropiado.La muestra comprendió 697 y 479 sobrevivientes de cáncer de colon y de recto, respectivamente. En general, los sobrevivientes de cáncer de colon y recto diagnosticados con <50 años de edad reportaron una menor funcionalidad y una mayor carga de síntomas en comparación con los sobrevivientes diagnosticados a una edad más avanzada. Cuando se estratificaron por género, las mujeres sobrevivientes de cáncer de colon tendieron a informar más preocupaciones sobre la pérdida de cabello pero menos problemas sexuales en comparación con los hombres sobrevivientes de colon de la misma edad. Las mujeres sobrevivientes de cáncer rectal en todos los grupos de edad tendieron a informar niveles más bajos de interés sexual que los hombres sobrevivientes de cáncer rectal de la misma edad.Estudio transversal con hallazgos que podrían estar sesgados hacia sobrevivientes a largo plazo más saludables. La generalización de los resultados se limitó a los sobrevivientes diagnosticados antes de 2005.Nuestros resultados sugieren que los cuidados de soporte para los sobrevivientes de cáncer de colon y recto para mejorar su automanejo de síntomas deben adaptarse según el tipo de cáncer, la edad en el momento del diagnóstico y el género. Vea el resumen en video en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B29.

Optimistic, realistic, and pessimistic illness perceptions; quality of life; and survival among 2457 cancer survivors: the population-based PROFILES registry.

BACKGROUND: Threatening illness perceptions (IPs) have been associated with poorer health outcomes. However, to the authors' knowledge, it remains unclear whether threatening IPs that are consistent with disease severity are equally harmful. The aim of the current study was to: 1) identify subgroups of cancer survivors based on IPs and prognosis; and 2) assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and survival associated with these subgroups. METHODS: The authors used survey data from the population-based Patient Reported Outcomes Following Initial treatment and Long term Evaluation of Survivorship (PROFILES) registry, which were collected between 2008 and 2015 and included 2457 cancer survivors who were <5 years after their cancer diagnosis (colon, rectal, prostate, endometrial, or ovarian cancer or non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Clinical and survival data were collected through the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Subgroups were defined by IPs (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire) and prognosis (conditional 5-year relative survival) into survivors with 1) IPs consistent with prognosis ("realistic"); 2) less threatening IPs than expected based on prognosis ("optimistic"); and 3) more threatening IPs than expected based on prognosis ("pessimistic"). RESULTS: Compared with survivors with realistic IPs (1230 survivors), those with optimistic IPs (582 survivors) were found to have a higher HRQOL (P < .01 on all European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 [EORTC QLQ-C30] scales) and a lower all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.72; P < .01), whereas those with pessimistic IPs (645 survivors) had a lower HRQOL (P < .01 on all scales) and a higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.52; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Optimistic IPs are associated with better HRQOL and survival, even if they may appear to be unrealistic with respect to cancer survivors' prognosis. Survivors with pessimistic IPs appear to have the worst outcomes. Therefore, efforts are needed to provide better support to patients with pessimistic IPs to improve their outcomes. Cancer 2018;124:3609-17. © The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Low socioeconomic status and mental health outcomes in colorectal cancer survivors: disadvantage? advantage?... or both?

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and both positive and negative mental health (MH) outcomes in a population-based sample of colorectal cancer survivors. On the basis of theoretical conceptualizations of trauma and posttraumatic growth, low SES was hypothesized to be positively associated with both greater negative MH outcomes (e.g., distress) and greater positive MH outcomes (e.g., growth). METHODS: Colorectal cancer survivors (n = 1300; 57% male; mean age 69.4 and 4.0 years post-diagnosis) were recruited using a regional, population-based cancer registry in the Netherlands and completed a questionnaire assessing current negative and positive MH outcomes. Low, medium, and high SES respondents were identified using an area-level indicator of SES based on aggregated individual fiscal data on monetary home value and household income. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses indicated that low SES was a risk factor for greater negative MH outcomes. Relative to high SES survivors, low SES survivors reported poorer status on nine indices of MH, and high SES survivors were about 50% less likely to report clinically important levels of anxiety and depression. Results provided partial support for the hypothesis low SES was a 'risk' factor for greater positive MH outcomes. Relative to high SES survivors, low SES survivors reported greater positive MH outcomes on 2 of 5 positive MH indices examined (Positive Self-Evaluation, Meaning of Cancer). CONCLUSIONS: Study findings are the first to suggest that low SES might increase the likelihood of both greater negative as well as positive MH outcomes in cancer survivors.

Information provision and patient reported outcomes in patients with metastasized colorectal cancer: results from the PROFILES registry.

BACKGROUND: Patients with metastasized colorectal cancer (mCRC) have different information needs compared with patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Appropriate information provision leads to better patient reported outcomes for patients with nonmetastatic disease. OBJECTIVE: To measure the perceived level of, and satisfaction with, information received by patients with mCRC as compared with those with nonmetastatic (stage I,II,III) CRC. Also, associations of information provision with health status, anxiety, depression, and illness perceptions were investigated. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted. All CRC patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2007 according to the Eindhoven Cancer Registry (ECR) were selected. Response rate was 75% (n=1159, of which 139 had mCRC). Participants completed questionnaires on information provision (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-INFO25), health status (Short Form-36), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), and illness perceptions (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire [B-IPQ]). RESULTS: The perceived receipt of information was quite comparable between CRC patients with and without mCRC. Only perceived receipt of treatment information was higher for patients with mCRC (45 versus 37; p<0.01). Sixty percent of the patients with mCRC were satisfied with the amount of received information and almost 30% wanted to receive more information. The perceived receipt of more disease information and information about other services was associated with worse health outcomes, whereas satisfaction with the received information was not associated with health outcomes. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that some improvements can be made in the provision of information to patients with mCRC. Adequate assessment of information needs of mCRC patients, as well as appropriate responses to these needs by providing the information in an appropriate way could possibly lead to improvements in patient satisfaction.

Socio-economic implications of cancer survivorship: results from the PROFILES registry.

INTRODUCTION: The goal of this large population-based study was to examine the socio-economic implications of cancer survivorship. METHODS: Individuals alive and diagnosed with colorectal cancer and melanoma between 1998 and 2007 or Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma or multiple myeloma between 1999 and 2008 as registered in the Eindhoven Cancer Registry received a questionnaire on work changes and problems with obtaining a new (or extended) health care insurance, life insurance or a home loan; 70% (n = 2892) responded. RESULTS: Results showed that 28% of all cancer patients experienced changes in their work situation after cancer. Most of them switched to part-time work or stopped working entirely. Patients (3.4%) who tried to obtain a different or upgrade their health care insurance experienced problems and in most cases, these were eventually resolved. Problems with life insurance were somewhat more common with 18% of those who tried to obtain a life insurance experiencing problems. The majority of these patients was rejected by the insurance company (61%) or was accepted at a higher premium (22%). Of the 21% who tried to obtain a home loan, 9% experienced problems. However, 22.2% got accepted eventually, 27.8% got accepted but at a higher mortgage payment and 22.2% got rejected but were eventually accepted by another bank. CONCLUSIONS: Almost a third of cancer survivors experienced changes in their work situation after cancer. Problems with obtaining health insurance, life insurance and home loans were also common.

Impact of chemotherapy on health status and symptom burden of colon cancer survivors: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: This population-based study assessed the impact of chemotherapy on general and disease-specific health status of resected colon cancer survivors up to 10 years post-diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Colon cancer survivors diagnosed between 1998 and 2007 were selected from the Eindhoven Cancer Registry. Survivors completed the SF-36 and the EORTC colorectal module (EORTC-QLQ-CR38). Comparisons to a normative population were conducted. Multiple linear regression analyses investigated the association between treatment and health status. RESULTS: Eight hundred and forty eight survivors were evaluated: 29% had chemotherapy (CT); 71% without chemotherapy (nCT). Survivors had similar SF-36 scores and scored better than the normative population on several domains. On the EORTC-QLQ-CR38, male nCT survivors had more sexual problems than CT survivors (p=0.01). Among the sexually active respondents, the survivors reported sex to be less enjoyable than the normative population (p=0.02). In multivariate analyses, CT predicted better physical function, and less male sexual dysfunction and weight loss problems than nCT. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, CT survivors have general health status scores comparable to nCT survivors and the normative population up to 10 years since initial diagnosis. Sex-related problems among survivors suggest more attention on this often sensitive issue is required in clinical management.

Long-term prostate cancer survivors with low socioeconomic status reported worse mental health-related quality of life in a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL) and health care use among long-term prostate cancer survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Through urologists in the Comprehensive Cancer Center South, all 5- to 10-year prostate cancer survivors known in the Eindhoven Cancer Registry without disease progression were invited to complete the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index, and the Dutch sexual activities module. Multivariate linear regression assessed the effect of SES (based on home value and household income) on HRQL and health care use. RESULTS: Five-hundred eighty-four patients (response rate 81%) were included. Survivors with a low SES exhibited lower mental SF-36 scores (6-16 points on a 0-100 scale), independent of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (P < .05), and hardly any differences in physical SF-36 subscales, sexual function, and urinary and bowel function and bother. Presence of serious comorbidity had a stronger predictive value for HRQL than SES. Health care use did not seem to be associated with SES. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer survivors with a low SES exhibited a worse mental but not physical HRQL than those with a higher SES. Long-term health outcomes of patients with low SES may be maximized by paying extra attention to comorbid conditions.

Association between a self-rated health question and mortality in young and old dialysis patients: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Self-rated health (SRH) has been shown to predict mortality in large community-based studies; however, large clinical-based studies of this topic are rare. We assessed whether an SRH item predicts mortality in a large sample of incident dialysis patients beyond sociodemographic, disease, and clinical measures and possible age interaction. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 1,443 predominantly white patients from 38 dialysis centers in The Netherlands participating in the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis-2 between 1997 and 2004. PREDICTOR: SRH score completed at 3 months after the start of dialysis therapy (baseline). OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: Cox proportional hazards model estimated the association between SRH and all-cause mortality. Interaction of SRH with age (<65 and >/=65 years) was examined in an additive model. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 59.6 +/- 14.8 years, with 61% men and 69% married/living together. Mean follow-up was 2.7 +/- 1.8 years. Deaths per SRH group in the multivariate analyses sample: excellent/very good (9 of 63 patients; 14.3%), good (148 of 473 patients; 31.3%), fair (194 of 508 patients; 38.2%), and poor (45 of 71 patients; 63.4%). Patients with poor, fair, or good health ratings had a greater mortality risk than those with excellent/very good health ratings (adjusted hazard ratio [HR(adj)], 3.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71 to 7.42; HR(adj), 2.09; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.12; HR(adj), 1.87; 95% CI, 0.95 to 3.70, respectively) independent of a range of risk factors. No age interaction with SRH was found. LIMITATIONS: Although the SRH-mortality association remained strong despite extensive adjustments, unknown residual confounding could still exist. CONCLUSION: SRH is an independent predictor of mortality in incident dialysis patients. Patients with poor SRH in both age strata had a significantly increased risk of mortality even after controlling for demographic and clinical confounders. Patient self-assessment of health can be an invaluable and economical complement to clinical measures in risk assessment.