A Targeted Literature Review Examining Biologic Therapy Compliance and Persistence in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases to Identify the Associated Unmet Needs, Driving Factors, and Consequences.

Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) represent a substantial clinical and economic burden to patients, providers, payers and society overall. Biologics, such as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), have emerged as effective treatment options for patients with CIDs. However, the therapeutic potential of biologics is not always achieved in clinical practice, with results from studies examining the use of biologics in real-world settings suggesting lower levels of treatment effectiveness compared with clinical trial results. Using a targeted approach, this literature review demonstrates that compliance and persistence with biologic therapy is suboptimal and that this has implications for both clinical outcomes and treatment costs. The review identified a variety of predictors of treatment compliance and persistence, including increased age, female gender, presence of comorbidities, increased disease activity, longer disease duration, smoking, increased body mass index, higher biologic treatment dose, higher treatment cost and lower health-related quality-of-life scores. Patients often cited factors associated with medication delivery as a reason for non-compliance and non-persistence, and device-related improvements to treatment delivery were associated with higher rates of compliance and persistence. The articles identified in this review provide insights that have the potential to help guide the development of new solutions to improve disease management and optimize treatment regimens. This has the potential to benefit patients' health by improving clinical outcomes and to reduce the burden to society by limiting the economic impact of patients' disease. FUNDING: UCB Pharma.

Cost-minimization and budget impact analysis of certolizumab pegol for patients with Crohn's disease, moderate or severe, with relapse after conventional treatment from the perspective of the Brazilian private payer / Análises de custo-minimização e impacto orçamentário do certolizumabe pegol para pacientes com doença de Crohn moderada a grave com falha ao tratamento convencional, sob a perspectiva do pagador privado no Brasil

Objectives: Budget impact and cost-effectiveness analysis are often required by payers when discussing drug reimbursement. We hereby present a cost-minimization (CMA) and budget impact analysis (BIA) regarding the incorporation of certolizumab pegol (CZP) for the treatment of patients with Crohn's disease, a debilitating condition that affects the digestive tract. Methods: Considering that the scientific literature demonstrates CZP as effective as the alternatives (infliximab and adalimumab), a CMA was conducted, including a Markov 10-year time horizon modeling. Focusing on the assumptions for both CMA and BIA, a total of 36 stakeholders from the private sector were surveyed regarding treatment and disease-related costs. For the BIA, drug acquisition costs, administration costs, no population growth and an immunobiologic drug (bDMARD) switching rate of 5% were also considered. We assumed that CZP would gradually gain market share until it reaches 20% of new or switching patients in the fourth year. In addition, probability sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: In the cost-minimization, the calculated costs for 10-year treatment were BRL149k (infliximab); BRL118k (adalimumab) and BRL83k (CZP). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted with 1,000 random simulations, with CZP being less costly than its comparators in all simulations. Additionally, the BIA result indicates that CZP is a cost-saving intervention, with a predicted five-year impact of BRL317k for every 100-patient cohort. Conclusions: Certolizumab pegol was shown to be not only effective but also a cost-saving drug when compared to other anti-TNF drugs available for the Brazilian private healthcare system.

Objetivos: Análises de impacto orçamentário e de custo-efetividade são, com frequência, exigidas por pagadores para a decisão sobre incorporação de drogas. Por esse motivo, apresentaremos uma análise de custo-minimização e de impacto orçamentário do certolizumabe pegol (CZP) para o tratamento de pacientes com doença de Crohn, doença crônica e debilitante que afeta o trato digestivo. Métodos: Trinta e seis pagadores privados foram entrevistados para que fosse possível compreender os custos de tratamento e aqueles relacionados à doença. Para a análise de impacto orçamentário, foram assumidos: custos de aquisição e administração das drogas, nenhuma taxa de crescimento populacional, taxa de troca de medicamento biológico (bDMARD) de 5% e market share de 20% para o CZP em seu pico. Visto que o CZP é tão eficaz e seguro quanto os comparadores disponíveis, optou-se pela análise de custo-minimização, assumindo horizonte temporal de 10 anos. Resultados: A análise de impacto orçamentário mostra que o CZP é capaz de gerar redução de custos no valor de R$ 317 mil em cinco anos, para cada cem pacientes. Para a custo-minimização, os custos calculados no horizonte de dez anos foram: R$ 149 mil para o infliximabe; R$ 118 mil para o adalimumabe e R$ 83 mil para o CZP. A análise de sensibilidade probabilística mostrou CZP menos custoso em 100% das 1.000 simulações. Conclusões: Certolizumabe pegol mostrou-se não apenas efetivo, mas também uma opção que pode gerar redução de custos quando comparada às outras drogas biológicas no Brasil sob a perspectiva do pagador privado.