Biorefining and biotechnology prospects of low-cost fish feed on Red tilapia production with different feeding regime.

This study aimed to decrease the production cost and increase tilapia yield with a feeding regime. The trial was divided into four treatments with three replications followed by the feeding frequency in monosex male Nile tilapia with an average initial weight of 17.86-18.40 g/fish cultured on a net cage in the earth pond for three months. Fish fed with 18% protein supplemented with 5% protein concentrate. The first month was used by 32% protein feed twice per day (T1, control), fish were fed twice per day every other week (T2), fish were fed twice per day per week (T3), and fish were fed twice per day per week (T3). Fish fed twice per day per week are now fed twice per day (T4). These results revealed that T2 fish had the highest growth performance and most protein consumption (P < 0.05). Moreover, fish in T2 has the lowest production cost and highest benefit-cost ratio (B/C ratio) (P < 0.05). The highest percentage of edible meat in T2 was P < 0.05, but the proximate analysis was close for all three groups (P > 0.05). As a result, it is necessary to ensure that Nile Tilapia culture has sufficient protein and nutrition control. This will allow for both high growth and low cost. Fish health and quality were positively affected by a perfect protein-containing feeding regimen. In fish fed with 18% protein and 5% protein concentrate for the first month, followed by 32% protein feed twice every other day and then with 18% protein.

Effect of biogas sludge meal supplement in feed on growth performance molting period and production cost of giant freshwater prawn culture.

The worldwide prawn industry strives for better production and environmental sustainability. Shrimp feed is one of the most expensive aquaculture inputs; therefore, it must be cost-effective and environmentally safe. Fish meals in aquaculture are becoming unsustainable due to the cost and environmental concerns. The effects of a biogas sludge meal supplement in feed on freshwater prawn productivity were studied. This study aimed to examine the growth, survival rate, yield, feed conversion ratio, and molting period of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) fed with and without biogas sludge a low-cost resource. The four treatments were T1 (0% biogas sludge), T2 (10% biogas sludge), T3 (20% biogas sludge), and T4 (30% biogas sludge). Protein content ranged from 26.7 to 27.4% in the experimental diets. The experiment was conducted in 3 × 3x1.5 m cages in an earthen pond for 80 days. The data shows that freshwater prawn growth performance did not differ significantly across treatments (P > 0.05). Biogas sludge has been demonstrated to be a low-cost feed component for freshwater prawns. Regarding survival, productivity, and feed conversion ratio, T2 (10% biogas sludge) outperformed the other two. As a result of the research, it was determined that 10% of biogas sludge might be used as a low-cost freshwater prawn feed option. The molting period of freshwater prawns fed biogas-containing feed was investigated at various levels. Freshwater prawns grown in baskets in a pond at 32.2 °C for a trial period of 90 days were molted differently (P > 0.05). The molting periods for Tl, T2, T3, and T4 were 19, 18, 19.8, and 20.8, respectively. In addition, the research suggests efficient and long-term methods for supplying nutrient-dense prawn feed to aquaculture production systems.

An assessment of agricultural waste cellulosic biofuel for improved combustion and emission characteristics.

The need for an alternative fuel has been growing swiftly owing to the extravagant use of fossil fuels as a sole energy source for all purposes. This paper investigates the performance, emission and noise characteristics of cellulosic biofuel. A series of tests were conducted in a single cylinder, four stroke DI engine to determine the performance measuring factors such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and emission factors such as CO emission, NO emission, CO2 emission and smoke and then, the HC emission rates were also measured. All tests were carried out at different load conditions of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with the constant speed of 1500 rpm. The fuel blends taken for the tests were diesel, E5, E10, E15 and E20. The E20 comparatively showed lower performance than all other fuel blends. However, when considering CO and smoke emission, the E20 fuel blends produced better reduced emission. The lower-level ethanol diesel blend showed better BT as well as BTE and BSFC. From the above findings, it is clear and evident that cellulosic biodiesel blends can be an optimal solution to meet the ongoing energy demands.

Sustainable development of feed formulation for farmed tilapia enriched with fermented pig manure to reduce production costs.

Aquaculture is often referred to as "livestock production" with a proper "future-facing" strategy. Fish productivity varies greatly, and feeding is a significant expense for farmers. Despite the increased interest in waste valorization, a biorefinery strategy to reduce feed costs has been developed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in cement ponds fed with feed formulas containing fermented pig manure in various ratios and to verify the digestibility of Nile tilapia fed with fermented pig dung-based diets. The 120-days experiments were conducted in 20 cement ponds to determine the nutritional content of pig manure collected from a fermented system and the permissible level of digested manure to be utilized as a raw material to formulate alternative tilapia feed. Fermented pig manure (diet) has a high protein content and other nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, manganese, and zinc. Furthermore, the quantities of phytoplanktons in cement pond water associated with manure diets of 0, 5, 10, and 15% are estimated. The diet with 15% manure produced the most weight gain and yield (75.3 g and 1002.80 g, respectively). The findings of this study emphasize the new technique of feeding fermented pig manure to fish, opening up a wide range of possibilities for achieving a sustainable protein source for aquaculture.