[A comprehensive approach to the hygienic assessment of quality of life in pupils].

The problem of a comprehensive evaluation of the influence of major vital factors on the health of schoolchildren and students has been recently pressing. The paper contains the material obtained in the development of a comprehensive approach to the hygienic assessment of quality of life (QL) in pupils and young students. The findings enable one to state the fundamentals of the concept of a comprehensive approach to assessing QL in pupils, to introduce a new principle in the comparison of objective parameters with subjective ones, to prove the dynamics and variability of QL characteristics. The obtained material substantiates the need for theoretical and practical developments of this problem.

[Radionuclide indication of the relative economic ecological safety of local ecosystems].

The use of radioactive isotopes as indicators has been theoretically and experimentally substantiated for comparison of the ecological safety of local ecosystems. The higher concentration of cosmogeneous 7Be and the lower concentration of terrestrial 222Rn and its disintegration products in the environment are, the safer the total ecological situation is in the local ecosystem. Experimental and comparative data on the concentrations of 7Be in the surface air and grass in Moscow are given by the years and months of the early 21st century. The results are assessed as a promising line of the development of radioecology.

[A systemic concept of individual health status from the standpoint of practical medicine. Part I. Theoretical aspects]. / Sistemnaia kontseptsiia individual'nogo zdorov'ia s pozitsii prakticheskoi meditsiny. Chast' I. Teoreticheskie aspekty.

The paper presents the system concept of individual health in the context of practical medicine, which includes the definition of this widely use, the system forming of its understanding in the physician-patient system, the phasic pattern of individual health as transient prenosological and postnosological entities, the traditional quantitatively diagnostic and integrally quantitative principles in the evaluation of the level of individual health. By using these principles and taking into account specialization in the state public health care, the authors provide evidence for that it is expedient to identify the mental, physical, physiological, biochemical, clinical, and somatic status of a patient. The phasic pattern of individual health substantiates the concept of prenosological staging of the development of chronic diseases of specific and nonspecific genesis and the expediency of identifying primary and secondary chronic diseases of any etiology. In the authors' opinion, it is expedient to consider prenosological diagnosis, its categorical and terminological aspects, differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of patients with prenosological conditions to be the general trend of scientific-and-practical developments in the area of individual health. Methodologically, it is necessary to use of the entire store of methods of integrative and occupational medicine, particularly in the field of etiological diagnosis by risk and anti-risk factors, of those of functional diagnosis using exercise tests and of clinical diagnosis of prenosological entities.

[Adaptation potential of man]. / Adaptatsionnyi potentsial cheloveka.

Discussed in the paper are the scientific-and-practical fundamentals, examples and outlooks for using, in human ecology, the adaptation potential, i.e. a quantitative expression of a degree of the function state of the body and of its systems characterizing the body's ability to an adequate and reliable respond to a variety of unfavorable factors as well as the dynamics of their parameters by sparingly using the functional reserves and by avoiding the premorbid condition.

[Informative value of erythrocyte function in the assessment of ionizing radiation effect]. / Informativnost' pokazatelei funktsional'nogo sostoianiia éritrotsitov v otsenke effektov ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia.

Proposed are new quantitative criteria of the functional state of erythrocytes based on automated recording parameters of the acid hemolysis erythrogram. Extended analysis of adaptation of the red blood system in rats exposed to ionizing radiation (60CO, 1.25 MeV, 0.5, 1.0, and 6.0 Gy) pointed out that the normally existing stimulating effect of diuretic products on accumulation of juvenile cellular forms was not changed by the dose of 0.5 Gy but ceased after exposure to higher doses. A distinct interrelation (r = 0.83 and 0.61 at p < 0.003, respectively) was revealed between the number of low-resistant erythrocytes (EZR) and subsequent (4 to 7 days later) amount of reticulocytes in the norm and following exposure to 0.5 Gy of ionizing radiation. After exposure to 1.0 Gy and 6.0 Gy r values were below 0.3 at p > 0.2. A "reference cascade" of regression equations on the order of Rt = a + b x EZR could be developed for individual evaluation of different stages of impairment of one of the normal regulatory mechanisms of hemopoiesis in humans systematically exposed to ionizing radiation.

[Occupational medicine: health protection of liquidation specialists]. / Meditsina truda: okhrana zdorov'ia likvidatorov.

Taking long-term clinical and epidemiologic observation of rescue team (helicopter pilots) as an example, the authors defined principal concepts concerning prophylaxis, social security and rehabilitation of Chernobyl plant accident liquidators. Methodology and methods of the liquidators' health care are discussed.