Assessment of herb field mouse (Sylvaemus uralensis) migration in the area of the East Urals Radioactive Trace using measurements of bone-seeking 90Sr.

The dynamics of rodent population in the area of East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT) is one of the controversial issues, which are of key importance for the radiobiological and radioecological interpretation of the observed radiation effects. The objective of the paper is to evaluate the probability of migration in population of the herb field mouse (Sylvaemus uralensis Pall., 1811) based on 90Sr activity concentrations in the mouse bones. Radiometric data for bones of 768 mice captured at 9 sites in the EURT territory (with different environmental contamination levels) in 2001-2012 were used. The distribution of bone-seeking 90Sr in the juvenile age group of mice is used as a model of the width of radionuclide distribution in the bones of permanent inhabitants. Comparison of the model predictions and observations in different age and functional groups within the population structure allows simulating the probability of migration and evaluating the fraction of migrants. It is shown that the accumulation of 90Sr in bones correlates with soil contamination at the capture sites. Individual variability in the specific activity of 90Sr in the skeleton tends to increase with the age of animals. The rate of herb field mouse migration is estimated as 7 and 15% per year (for underyearlings and wintered individuals, respectively). The animals captured in the EURT area (all animals, including juvenile individuals) are "diluted" with animals from non-contaminated territories by 5-12%. The average half-time of substitution of the exposed population by migrants from non-contaminated territories is 8 years. Today, the fraction of descendants of the animals, that for generations have permanently inhabited the EURT territory since 1957, is negligible (on average-1.2% and not exceeding 17%). The proposed method of probabilistic analysis of 90Sr in the bones could be used to study migration activity of other species of rodents.

[Assessment of non-carcinogenic risk for the health of the child population under the consumption of drinking water].

In the article there are given results of the evaluation of non-carcinogenic risks for the health of the child population residing in different areas (districts) of the city of Kazan with the aim of the subsequent comprehensive assessment of the pollutants in drinking water. Assessment of the risk for the human health was performed correspondingly to with the P 2.1.10.1920-04 for oral route of exposure in accordance to the chemical composition of drinking water with account for the standard and regional factors of the exposure. The results of the risk assessment under the consumption of drinking tap water by the child population with localized place of residence permit to reveal areas with a high level of health risk in the city. The screening assessment of carcinogenic risk due to the consumption of chemicals with drinking water revealed differences in regional and standard values of the exposure factors. This affects both on the value of the chronic average daily intake of chemical contaminants in drinking water and the level of risk under the consumption of drinking water by the child population.

[Morbidity rate in students of lyceum and specialized educational institution].

Comparative analysis of the morbidity rate of students was implemented on the basis of a special educational institution for students who are prone to crime and delinquency and for pupils of the lyceum-boarding school. The analysis showed that the state of health of the surveyed children was characterized by high indices of morbidity rates, the high occurrence of chronic diseases among students and the progressive decrease in the indices of the health. The highest morbidity rates were noted in classes of diseases of the nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system, diseases of the eye and adnexa, and musculoskeletal system. The higher level of incidence of different pathologies in students of the specialized secondary school gives evidence of the possibility of unfavorable prognosis for the future health of adolescents and can refer them to the risk group.

[Hygienic assessment of textbooks for educational establishments of different types].

The role of hygienic parameters of prints in the development of fatigue and this or that abnormality in schoolchildren of today has been inadequately studied. Practically every three or two textbooks on the humanities, analyzed by the authors, show breaches of the orders of educational publishing products; they are much less significantly encountered in the textbooks on natural sciences and, in isolated instances, in those on mathematical sciences. Thus, due to the variations in their weight, the lettering of a body text, high component complexity and abstractedness, the textbooks are a risk factor for visual, nervous, and musculoskeletal diseases among pupils of educational establishments, particularly those of the innovation type. The problems associated of the present-day textbook are of no hygienic order, although they may exert a considerable impact on pupils' efficiency.

[Comparative analysis of morbidity among gymnasium and general educational school students]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz zabolevaemosti uchashchikhsia gimnazii i obshcheobrazovatel'noi shkoly.

Gymnasiums and general educational schools have most widely spread in Kazan now. By the end of schooling, the difference in the prevalence of all diseases in the gymnasium and school is 244.22 and 908.11, respectively, i.e. this figure is 3.7 times higher in the general educational school than that in the gymnasium. In the school-leaving forms of a general educational school, the prevalence of different abnormalities is twice higher than in those of gymnasium. Thus, there has been a 2.2-fold decrease in the proportion of apparently healthy children in the past 5 years. In the school-leaving pupils of a general educational school, the prevalence of abnormalities is twice higher than that in gymnasium pupils of the same age and a 13-fold rise in the prevalence of mental disease exacts a very careful attention.