RESUMO
At present, the pathologic spectrum of obesity-insulin resistance (IR)-diabetes mellitus (DM) represents not only a pressing matter in public health but also a paramount object of study in biomedical research, as they constitute major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). Phytotherapy, the use of medicinal herbs (MH) with treatment purposes, offers a wide array of opportunities for innovation in the management of these disorders; mainly as pharmacological research on small molecules accumulates. Several MH has displayed varied mechanisms of action relevant to the pathogenesis of obesity, IR and DM, including immunological and endocrine modulation, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS), regulation of appetite, thermogenesis and energy homeostasis, sensitisation to insulin function and potentiation of insulin release, among many others. However, the clinical correlates of these molecular phenomena remain relatively uncertain, with only a handful of MH boasting convincing clinical evidence in this regard. This review comprises an exploration of currently available preclinical and clinical research on the role of MH in the management of obesity, IR, and DM.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Diabetes Mellitus , Resistência à Insulina , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Insulina , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Voice diseases have been increasing dramatically in recent times due mainly to unhealthy social habits and voice abuse. These diseases must be diagnosed and treated at an early stage, especially in the case of larynx cancer. It is widely recognized that vocal and voice diseases do not necessarily cause changes in voice quality as perceived by a listener. Acoustic analysis could be a useful tool to diagnose this type of disease. Preliminary research has shown that the detection of voice alterations can be carried out by means of Gaussian mixture models and short-term mel cepstral parameters complemented by frame energy together with first and second derivatives. This paper, using the F-Ratio and Fisher's discriminant ratio, will demonstrate that the detection of voice impairments can be performed using both mel cesptral vectors and their first derivative, ignoring the second derivative.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Modelos Biológicos , Espectrografia do Som/métodos , Medida da Produção da Fala/métodos , Distúrbios da Voz/diagnóstico , Distúrbios da Voz/fisiopatologia , Qualidade da Voz , Simulação por Computador , Humanos , Modelos Estatísticos , Distribuição Normal , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Nowadays, the most extended techniques to measure the voice quality are based on perceptual evaluation by well trained professionals. The GRBAS scale is a widely used method for perceptual evaluation of voice quality. The GRBAS scale is widely used in Japan and there is increasing interest in both Europe and the United States. However, this technique needs well-trained experts, and is based on the evaluator's expertise, depending a lot on his own psycho-physical state. Furthermore, a great variability in the assessments performed from one evaluator to another is observed. Therefore, an objective method to provide such measurement of voice quality would be very valuable. In this paper, the automatic assessment of voice quality is addressed by means of short-term Mel cepstral parameters (MFCC), and learning vector quantization (LVQ) in a pattern recognition stage. Results show that this approach provides acceptable results for this purpose, with accuracy around 65% at the best.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Reconhecimento Automatizado de Padrão/métodos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espectrografia do Som/métodos , Medida da Produção da Fala/métodos , Distúrbios da Voz/diagnóstico , Qualidade da Voz , Algoritmos , Inteligência Artificial , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Distúrbios da Voz/classificaçãoRESUMO
La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es un problema de salud pública mundial y el presente trabajo abarca la valoración integral del paciente hipertenso para contribuir con el diagnóstico precoz de esta patología, detectando tempranamente el sujeto asintomático. Se describe las técnicas apropiadas para evitar errores frecuentes de medición de las cifras tensionales. Se enfatiza la importancia de la historia clínica rigida, los aspectos importantes a considerar, así como la presión de todos los factores y condiciones asociadas, así como la exploración física completa y el monitoreo ambulatoria de la presión arterial. se incluyeron los criterios de clasificación de la HTA mas reciente. Los exámenes paraclínicos necesarios son analizados con precisión, razonando sus aportes especificos. También se exploran las causas de hipertensión secundaria, como son la enfermedad renovascular, la renoparenquimatosa crónica, el aldosteronismo primario, el feocromocitoma y la asociada con el uso de medicamentos; las manifestaciones clínicas características para cada una de ellas y las pruebas diagnósticas idóneas para confirmar su etiología