[Risk prediction of venous thromboembolism in non-small cell lung cancer patients based on COMPASS-CAT risk assessment model].

Objective: To verify the risk prediction efficacies of COMPASS-cancer associated thrombosis (COMPASS-CAT) risk assessment model and the new prediction probability model established based on COMPASS-CAT for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 373 patients with NSCLC admitted to National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital from March 2013 to June 2017. All of them were divided into VTE group (63 cases) and non-VTE group (310 cases) according to VTE occurred or not. According to the COMPASS-CAT risk assessment model, all patients were scored and classified by risk. Chi-square test was used to compare the clinical features between two groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent risk factors of VTE in NSCLC patients. Based on the COMPASS-CAT risk assessment model, D-dimer≥1.03 mg/L and hemoglobin<10 g/dl were included to construct a new COMPASS-CAT prediction probability model, the ROC curve was also drawn. We used MedCalc software to compare the difference of ROC curves and analyze the application value of different risk assessment models in predicting VTE risk of NSCLC patients. Results: The incidence of VTE was 16.9% (63/373). The COMPASS-CAT score of VTE group was 6.37±3.40, which was higher than 2.74±2.04 of non-VTE group (P<0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of patients with KPS≤80, COMPASS-CAT≥7, D-dimer≥1.03 mg/L, central venous catheter (CVC), hemoglobin<10 g/L, cardiovascular complications≥2, hyperlipidemia, clinical stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ, KPS≤80 in VTE group was significantly higher than that in non-VTE group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that D-dimer≥1.03 mg/L, compass-cat score≥7 and hemoglobin <10 g/dL were independent risk factors for VTE. Based on the COMPASS-CAT risk assessment model, a new risk assessment model of COMPASS-CAT was constructed by incorporating the variables of D-dimer ≥1.03 mg/L and hemoglobin <10 g/dl. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of COMPASS-CAT model and new COMPASS-CAT prediction probability model were 0.745 and 0.804, respectively. Compared with COMPASS-CAT model, AUC of new COMPASS-CAT prediction probability model increased by 0.059, with statistically significant difference(P=0.007). Conclusion: COMPASS-CAT risk assessment model can predict the risk of VTE in NSCLC patients, and the new COMPASS-CAT prediction probability model constructed by COMPASS-CAT model combined with D-dimer and hemoglobin variables can improve the accuracy of screening VTE risk factors in NSCLC patient.

[Understanding the China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control and policy implications and recommendations for obesity prevention and control in China].

With the rapid economic development and dramatic changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in China has been increasing significantly and become a serious public health threat. This article introduced the main contents of "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control", aiming to facilitate understanding and applications of the "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control" by policymakers, researchers and practitioners in related fields. Built upon these, recommendations were made for obesity screening, diagnosis, treatment and management, prevention and control policies and strategies, and future research priorities in China.

[Analysis of herpes zoster incidence and hospitalization in three areas of Beijing in 2015 based on health information system of medical institutions].

Objective: Using data of health information system (HIS) of medical institutions to study the incidence and hospitalization of herpes zoster in three districts of Beijing. Methods: According to the different level of economic development and geographical features in Beijing, 3 districts of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun were chosen and all 110 medical institutions of the first level and above in the 3 districts are included in the survey. All the outpatient and inpatient herpes zoster cases in 2015 were retrospectively reviewed by HIS system. After distinguishing the reduplicated cases, Using the first outpatient case as a molecule and the resident population as denominator to estimate the annual incidence rate, as well as the annual hospitalization rate was estimated based on primary diagnostic hospitalized cases as molecule and the resident population as denominator. Results: A total of 32 313 primary visit outpatient cases were investigated, of which 18 360 cases (56.8%) were women and 20 923 cases (64.8%) were ≥50 years old. The overall estimated incidence of the 3 districts was 8.8‰ with an increase trends with age and reached to the highest in ≥80 years old (30.5/1 000). The incidence of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun districts are respectively 16.2‰, 4.0‰ and 5.7‰. A total of 701 primary visit inpatient cases were identified, of which 366 cases (52.2%) were women and 651 cases (92.9%) were ≥50 years old. The estimated annual hospitalization rate was 19.4/100 000, with the primary and secondary diagnostic hospitalization rate are respectively 5.9/100 000 (212 cases) and 13.5/100 000 (489 cases). The disease types of secondary diagnostic inpatient herpes zoster cases were as follows: cardiovascular disease (19.0%, 93 cases), stroke (14.5%, 71 cases), pneumonia/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.1%, 69 cases), tumor (12.5%, 61 cases) and diabetes (5.7%, 28 cases). Conclusion: Most of the herpes zoster cases in Beijing are over 50 years old, and the incidence of female is slightly higher than male. This disease should become a public health issue of great concern.

[Clinical evaluation of dry chemical enzyme method for detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae and analysis of external quality assessment results].

Objective:Neisseria gonorrhoeae in female cervix sample was detected by dry chemical enzymatic method and culture method. The detection effects of two detection methods were analyzed to provide reference for clinical detection. At the same time, strains were separated and identified to evaluate reliability of different methods. Methods: During October 2015 to December 2017, 8 860 samples of female cervix from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital were detected by dry chemical enzymatic method and culture method. Because of the possible leak detection by culture method, the inconsistent results were supplemented by real-time PCR assay. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Fifteen strains of external quality assessment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae identification and validation during 2015 to 2017 years were identified by latex chromatography, culture method, dry chemical enzyme method and PCR- fluorescent probe method. Results: The positive rates of dry chemical enzymatic method and culture method for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were 0.88% (78/8 860) and 0.41% (36/8 860), respectively. Among these, 26 samples were tested positive by dry chemical enzymatic method which were consistent with real-time PCR assay. Meanwhile, the culture method was negative. Dry chemistry enzyme method external quality assessment results of 3 years were accurate. Conclusion: The positive rate of dry chemical enzymatic method was markedly higher than that of culture method (P<0.05). The dry chemical enzymatic method, while exhibiting a high specificity, had high detection rate compared to culture method. And external quality assessment results are accurate. The clinical coincidence rate of dry chemical enzymatic detection was higher.

[Cost-effectiveness analysis of octreotide long acting release and lanreotide slow release for the treatment of postoperative patients with active acromegaly in China].

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of octreotide long acting release (LAR) vs lanreotide slow release (SR) for the treatment of postoperative acromegalic patients with elevated levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in China. Methods: A decision tree model was constructed and the treatment impact was projected for one year in Chinese setting. The clinical efficacy measure used was the percentage of patients achieving normalization (control) of either IGF-1 or GH levels. Efficacy of octreotide LAR and lanreotide SR, incidence of comorbidities, impact of acromegaly on health-related quality of life, and drug-related side effects data were obtained from literature. The cost of medication was collected through a chart review from five hospitals in five cities of China. Clinical experts from these hospitals were requested to complete a questionnaire to document the utilization of medical resources, costs of comorbidities, side effects as well as cost of administration. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the results. Results: Compared to lanreotied SR group, the percentage of patients achieving normalization of IGF-1 and GH levels of octreotide LAR group were 10% and 9% higher, respectively. When either IGF-1 or GH control were used as the efficacy measure, patients in the octreotide LAR group exhibit less comorbidities and need less continued treatment with a second operation and radiotherapy than those in lanreotide SR group. When IGF-1 was used as efficacy measure, octreotide LAR not only achieved better efficacy but resulted in overall cost-saving, with a total cost savings of ï¿¥ 3 792 per patient for one year, which demonstrated that octreotide LAR was a dominant cost-saving strategy. When GH control was used as the efficacy measure, octreotide LAR achieved a better overall clinical efficacy with a slightly higher total costs (ï¿¥ 4 121 higher per patient per year). Sensitivity analysis didn't change the conclusion that octreotide LAR remains dominant over lanreotide SR, indicating the robustness of this model. Conclusion: Octreotide LAR achieved better overall biochemical control compared with lanreotide SR which result in less comorbidity rate, second operation and radiotherapy as well as related costs.

Associations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk and dietary habits and demographic factors in Taiwan.

The aim of this study was to examine levels of PBDEs in breast milk associated with seafood consumptions of Taiwanese mothers. Our participants were selected from healthy women recruited between December 2000 and November 2001 from a medical center in central Taiwan. The congeners of PBDEs in 20 milk samples were analyzed by a gas chromatograph with a high resolution mass detector. The mean level of BDE47 in breast milk from mothers with pre-pregnant BMI <22.0kg/m2 had a significantly higher magnitude compared to those with pre-pregnant BMI > or = 22.0kg/m2 (1.59 vs. 0.995ng/g lipid, p=0.041). We did not find significant correlations between PBDEs exposure levels and women's age, parity, blood pressure, annual household income, and education level. Women who ate more fish and meat did not show significantly higher PBDE levels than those who ate less, but a significant difference in PBDE levels was demonstrated between the higher (2.15ng/g lipid) and lower (3.98ng/g lipid) shellfish consuming subjects (p=0.002) after an adjustment for the confounders. The ratios of PCB153/BDE47, PCB153/BDE153, and PCB153/PBDEs were significantly correlated with frequent consumption of fish and shellfish. The PCB153/BDE153 ratio was not associated with the other dietary habits (i.e. meat). The ratios of PCB153/PBDEs may therefore be a new indicator for exposure as a result of seafood consumption.

Male reproductive health research needs and research agenda: Asian and Pacific perspective.

Enhancing male reproductive health, and increasing men's participation in it, involves encouraging a range of positive reproductive health and social behaviour by men to help ensure women's and children's well-being. More intellectual work-including research programmes-is urgently needed to clarify the conceptual framework for male reproductive health. At the Asia and the Pacific Symposium 'Intra-regional Cooperation in Reproductive Health Research' (Shanghai, China, 12-13 October 1998) the Symposium participants identified regional research needs and recommended a regional reproductive health research agenda, which addresses six key issues related to male reproductive health: (i) male contraceptive technology; (ii) reproductive tract infections/sexually transmitted diseases and male infertility; (iii) male involvement in reproductive health; (iv) male adolescent reproductive health; (v) male reproductive ageing; and (vi) environment and male reproductive health. One of the major challenges now facing us is the elaboration of a comprehensive, yet realistic, male reproductive health research agenda that reflects the needs and demands of Asian developing countries. Making full use of an interdisciplinary approach is of strategic importance to achieve this.

Male reproductive health research needs and research agenda: Asian and Chinese perspective.

Research that addresses male reproductive health should assist in the development of reproductive health programmes and policy; identify and test new leads in male contraceptive technology; establish effective male involvement initiatives which are likely to have a positive impact on the reproductive health of men and women; guide the allocation of health care resources to ensure cost-effectiveness of interventions; generate new knowledge, develop diagnostic technology in reproductive health and offer optimal treatment/care regimens. In considering the needs and demands of male reproductive health research in Asia and the Pacific, the following six research topics are recommended as the priority research areas: male contraceptive technology; male reproductive health behaviour and male adolescent reproductive health; male reproductive aging including male menopause and other diseases; male RTIs, STDs, HIV/AIDS; prevalence, management and prevention of male infertility; environment and semen quality and other male reproductive problems. One of the major challenges now facing us is the elaboration of a comprehensive, yet realistic male reproductive health research agenda that reflect the needs and demands of Asian developing countries. To this end, to make use of an interdisciplinary approach is of strategic importance. The most creative insights and productive leads are likely to emerge from a research team that is interdisciplinary especially in the field of reproductive health.

Pharmacologic assessment of regimen chemosensitivity in the soft-agar assay: effect of oxygen on human tumors.

The influence of oxygen on the growth and the in vitro chemosensitivity of human tumor cells was studied in the soft-agar assay. Tumor cells of pancreatic and ovarian origin prefer a reduced oxygen atmosphere for colony formation, whereas those of pulmonary origin grow better in 20% oxygen. Depending on the physiologic oxygen tension and the histologic origin of a particular cancer type, the in vitro chemosensitivity of many drug obtained with the conventional culture system could be inadequately assessed. The in vitro responses of tumor cells to combinations of drugs were measured by the regimen efficacy index (REI) method. The REI delineates the possible regimen enhancement or regimen default based on the in vitro chemosensitivity of the individual agents tested in the assay. In vitro regimen enhancement was observed only in ascites incubated in a reduced oxygen atmosphere with two-drug combinations. However, regardless of the oxygen gradients used, regimen default was seen in cancer cells of solid tumors treated with all combinations of drugs tested. This study suggests further investigation on the effects of oxygen in the soft-agar assay, and proposes the novel use of the REI method for evaluating the in vitro regimen chemosensitivity of human tumor cells.

[Antifertility vaccine research--present status and prospects].

PIP: There are a number of distinct advantages regarding immunological regulation of fertility, such as the indirect application of reversible antifertility vaccines, particularly if the immunocontraceptive used is highly specific. This approach toward contraception calls for the indirect inhibition of 1 or more of the reproductive precesses by treating the immune system, i.e., by regulating the relative concentrations of antigens and antibodies, the type of immunocomplex and the achieved effect may be artificially predetermined. In addition to the use of antigens which interfere with vital reproductive enzymes (i.e., cystine aminopeptidase), or the introduction of placenta-antigens which inhibit the production of key proteins (i.e., SP1 glycoprotein), other alternatives including anti-HCG and anti-LDH-X are also considered.^ieng