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1.
Cancer Med ; 13(10): e7243, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38752448

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Toripalimab, combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin, has been approved as the first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC), representing a significant milestone as the first FDA-approved innovative therapy for this condition. Despite this achievement, there's a lack of data on the cost-effectiveness of toripalimab for RM-NPC patients in the American context. METHODS: To assess the cost-effectiveness of toripalimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone, a 3-state partitioned survival model was constructed. The study involved participants with characteristics matching those in the JUPITER-02 trial. Cost and utility inputs were collected from literature. Main outcomes measured were quality-adjusted life year (QALY), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and scenario analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of results. RESULTS: The study found that the toripalimab regimen resulted in 4.390 QALYs at a cost of $361,813, while the chemotherapy-only regimen yielded 1.685 QALYs at a cost of $161,632. This translates to an ICER of $74,004/QALY, below the willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000/QALY. Sensitivity analyses indicated that utility values, discount rate, and the price of toripalimab significantly impact INMB. With an 87.10% probability of being cost-effective at a $150,000/QALY threshold, the probabilistic sensitivity analysis supports toripalimab plus chemotherapy as a viable option. Scenario analysis showed that toripalimab remains cost-effective unless its price increases by 125%. Additionally, a simulated 15-year study period increases the ICER to $88,026/QALY. Subgroup analysis revealed ICERs of $76,538/QALY for PD-L1 positive and $70,158/QALY for PD-L1 negative groups. CONCLUSIONS: Toripalimab in combination with chemotherapy is likely to be a cost-effective alternative to standard chemotherapy for American patients with RM-NPC. This evidence can guide clinical and reimbursement decision-making in treating RM-NPC patients.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Análise Custo-Benefício , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/economia , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/economia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Estados Unidos , Gencitabina , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/economia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/mortalidade , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Desoxicitidina/uso terapêutico , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/economia , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Cisplatino/economia , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Análise de Custo-Efetividade
2.
J Med Econ ; 23(4): 394-400, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31782677

RESUMO

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of olmesartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination vs olmesartan and amlodipine free combination, amlodipine single drug, and valsartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination in the treatment of hypertensive patients from payer perspective in China.Methods: A Markov model was constructed, which included five health states of hypertensive patients who are aged 35-84 years at baseline and free of cardiovascular disease. Clinical data were obtained from a network meta-analysis. Epidemiology data, adverse events (AEs), cost, and utility data were obtained from the literature. The cost associated with AEs was estimated based on the cost of same symptoms of hypertensive patients in an electric medical record database. The model projected quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, total costs per patient in a 20-year time horizon, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Probability sensitivity analyses (PSA) and one-way sensitivity analyses were conducted for the main parameters to test the robustness of the model.Results: Compared to olmesartan and amlodipine free combination, amlodipine, and valsartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination, treatment with olmesartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination led to fewer CVD events and deaths; resulted in an incremental cost of ¥-5,439 ($-791.36), ¥6,530 ($950.09), and ¥-1,019 ($-148.26) and gained additional QALYs of 0.052, 0.094, and 0.037 per patient, respectively. Compared with olmesartan and amlodipine free combination and valsartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination, olmesartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination was dominant. Compared with amlodipine alone, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were below the WHO recommended cost-effectiveness threshold, indicating the olmesartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination was a cost-effective option for hypertensive patients in China. The 10-years' time horizon scenario analysis showed similar results to the 20-years' time horizon. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and one-way sensitivity analyses showed the robustness of the model results.Conclusions: Olmesartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination confers better health outcomes and costs less compared with olmesartan and amlodipine free combination and valsartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination, and is cost-effective compared to amlodipine for hypertension treatment in China.


Assuntos
Anlodipino/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia Combinada/economia , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Tetrazóis/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anlodipino/economia , China , Análise Custo-Benefício , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Imidazóis/economia , Masculino , Prontuários Médicos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tetrazóis/economia
3.
Clin Ther ; 40(10): 1741-1751, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30243768

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Induction immunosuppression therapy is used to support optimal outcomes in kidney transplantation. This study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (r-ATG) versus ATG-Fresenius (ATG-F) in kidney transplantation in the Chinese setting from the perspective of the health care payer. METHODS: A 2-part survival model was developed, consisting of a short-term part and a long-term part. The short-term part analyzed the first year, using the decision tree, and consisted of the functioning transplant, acute rejection (AR), delayed graft function (DGF), dialysis, and death health states. The long-term part analyzed 2 to 5 years, using Markov model, and consisted of the functioning transplant, chronic dysfunction, recurring primary disease, dialysis, and death health states, with capture of the association between DGF and graft loss. Costs, including drug acquisition and other direct medical costs, were derived from China IQVIA database (formerly known as IMS) hospitaldatabase, chart review, and physician interviews. Clinical outcomes and utility were retrieved from published literature. The model calculated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and total costs per patient. Costs and QALYs were discounted at an annual rate of 3.5%. Univariate sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis (PSA) were conducted to assess the impact of uncertainty of the variables on the results. FINDINGS: Patients who received r-ATG had more clinical effectiveness than patients who received ATG-F mainly because of less AR, DGF, and dialysis. The incremental QALY was 0.01 over a 1-year time horizon and 0.0496 over a 5-year time horizon. R-ATG and ATG-F drug costs were ¥10,783 and ¥8409, respectively. However, the total treatment costs of the r-ATG arm were lower than the ATG-F arm because of lower costs related to DGF, AR, dialysis, and adverse events. In total, r-ATG saved ¥5423 over the 1-year and ¥7042 over the 5-year time horizon. R-ATG was dominant with lower total direct medical costs and higher QALYs compared with ATG-F. Both univariate sensitivity analysis and PSA found the robustness of the model results. PSA results indicated that r-ATG was cost-effective compared with ATG-F in 86.81% of the simulations, considering <3 times the gross domestic product per capita as the threshold. IMPLICATIONS: From the perspective of the health care payer, r-ATG should be considered as the preferred treatment agent for induction therapy for Chinese patients undergoing kidney transplantation because of its lower overall medical costs and greater QALYs gained compared with ATG-F. The study was limited by lack of long-term efficacy data among the Chinese population and lack of comprehensive real-world higher quality costs data.


Assuntos
Soro Antilinfocitário/administração & dosagem , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Soro Antilinfocitário/economia , China , Análise Custo-Benefício , Custos de Medicamentos , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão/economia , Imunossupressores/economia , Transplante de Rim/economia , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
J Med Econ ; 18(3): 167-72, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25275426

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the health economic impact of OM-85, a bacterial lysates based immunostimulant, for its approved indications in China. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness decision tree model was constructed comparing OM-85 with the best supportive care/placebo therapy for managing the acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and rhinosinusitis in the Chinese population. Clinical efficacy and adverse events (AE) data were included in the model based on a thorough literature review. All localized direct treatment costs, including drug cost, AE costs, and medical treatment costs for underlining diseases were included from a Chinese third party payer perspective. A Key Opinion Leaders (KOL) survey was conducted with 20 senior physicians specialized in respiratory, ENT, allergy, and immunology fields from tertiary hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Shenyang, and Wuhan to validate the local treatment costs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated based on the above efficacy and cost information. RESULTS: OM-85 is a cost-effective therapy when compared with placebo (standard care). OM-85 can treat/prevent one additional full episode exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and one additional full episode exacerbation of rhinosinusitis with only additional costs of RMB 653 and RMB 1182.84, respectively. In comparison, each acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis will cost RMB 4510.10, and each acute exacerbation of rhinosinuisitis will cost RMB 1807.21 in a Chinese clinical management setting. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed and the ICER result was demonstrated to be consistent. CONCLUSIONS: OM 85 reduces acute exacerbations among patients with chronic bronchitis and chronic rhinosinusitis when compared with Placebo (standard care). From a Chinese payer perspective, OM 85 is a cost-effective therapy in the clinical management of both chronic bronchitis and rhinosinusitis in the adult population.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/economia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Extratos Celulares/economia , Extratos Celulares/uso terapêutico , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Bronquite/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Celulares/efeitos adversos , China , Doença Crônica , Análise Custo-Benefício , Gastos em Saúde , Humanos , Modelos Econométricos , Rinite/tratamento farmacológico , Sinusite/tratamento farmacológico
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