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1.
Environ Res ; 243: 117826, 2024 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38081341

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The impact of global warming on health due to climate change is increasingly studied, but the global burden of self-harm and interpersonal violence attributable to high temperature is still limited. This study aimed to systematically assess the burden of self-harm and interpersonal violence attributable to high temperature globally or by region and climate zone from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: We obtained the global, regional, and national deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rates (ASDR) of self-harm and interpersonal violence due to high temperature from 1990 to 2019 through the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. The burden of self-harm and interpersonal violence due to high temperature was estimated by age, sex, climate zone, the socio-demographic index (SDI), and the healthcare access and quality index (HAQ). Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in ASMR and ASDR were calculated for 1990-2019 using the Joinpoint model. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2019, the global deaths and DALYs related to self-harm and interpersonal violence due to high temperature increased from 20,002 (95% UI, 9243 to 41,928) and 1,107,216 (95% UI, 512,062 to 2,319,477) to 26,459 (95% UI, 13,574 to 47,265) and 1,382,487 (95% UI, 722,060 to 2,474,441), respectively. However, the ASMR and ASDR showed varying degrees of decreasing trends, with decreases of 13.36% and 12.66%, respectively. The ASMR was high and declining in low and low-middle SDI regions, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, SDI and HAQ index were negatively correlated with ASMR in 204 countries and regions. CONCLUSIONS: The global burden of self-harm and interpersonal violence attributed to high temperature has decreased over the past 30 years, but the number of deaths and DALYs continues to rise. Climate change continues to make heat stress a significant risk factor for self-harm and interpersonal violence worldwide.


Assuntos
Carga Global da Doença , Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Temperatura , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Mudança Climática , Violência , Saúde Global , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida
2.
J Med Internet Res ; 25: e47217, 2023 12 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38113097

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chatbots have become ubiquitous in our daily lives, enabling natural language conversations with users through various modes of communication. Chatbots have the potential to play a significant role in promoting health and well-being. As the number of studies and available products related to chatbots continues to rise, there is a critical need to assess product features to enhance the design of chatbots that effectively promote health and behavioral change. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current state of health-related chatbots, including the chatbots' characteristics and features, user backgrounds, communication models, relational building capacity, personalization, interaction, responses to suicidal thoughts, and users' in-app experiences during chatbot use. Through this analysis, we seek to identify gaps in the current research, guide future directions, and enhance the design of health-focused chatbots. METHODS: Following the scoping review methodology by Arksey and O'Malley and guided by the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist, this study used a two-pronged approach to identify relevant chatbots: (1) searching the iOS and Android App Stores and (2) reviewing scientific literature through a search strategy designed by a librarian. Overall, 36 chatbots were selected based on predefined criteria from both sources. These chatbots were systematically evaluated using a comprehensive framework developed for this study, including chatbot characteristics, user backgrounds, building relational capacity, personalization, interaction models, responses to critical situations, and user experiences. Ten coauthors were responsible for downloading and testing the chatbots, coding their features, and evaluating their performance in simulated conversations. The testing of all chatbot apps was limited to their free-to-use features. RESULTS: This review provides an overview of the diversity of health-related chatbots, encompassing categories such as mental health support, physical activity promotion, and behavior change interventions. Chatbots use text, animations, speech, images, and emojis for communication. The findings highlight variations in conversational capabilities, including empathy, humor, and personalization. Notably, concerns regarding safety, particularly in addressing suicidal thoughts, were evident. Approximately 44% (16/36) of the chatbots effectively addressed suicidal thoughts. User experiences and behavioral outcomes demonstrated the potential of chatbots in health interventions, but evidence remains limited. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review underscores the significance of chatbots in health-related applications and offers insights into their features, functionalities, and user experiences. This study contributes to advancing the understanding of chatbots' role in digital health interventions, thus paving the way for more effective and user-centric health promotion strategies. This study informs future research directions, emphasizing the need for rigorous randomized control trials, standardized evaluation metrics, and user-centered design to unlock the full potential of chatbots in enhancing health and well-being. Future research should focus on addressing limitations, exploring real-world user experiences, and implementing robust data security and privacy measures.


Assuntos
Saúde Digital , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Comunicação , Benchmarking , Lista de Checagem , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
3.
Front Public Health ; 11: 1204275, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37744521

RESUMO

The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is not just a health crisis but also a social crisis. Confronted with the resurgence of variants with massive infections, the triggered activities from personal needs may promote the spread, which should be considered in risk management. Meanwhile, it is important to ensure that the policy responses on citizen life to a lower level. In the face of Omicron mutations, we need to sum up the control experience accumulated, adapting strategies in the dynamic coevolution process while balancing life resumption and pandemic control, to meet challenges of future crises. We collected 46 cases occurring between 2021 and 2022, mainly from China, but also including five relevant cases from other countries around the world. Based on case studies, we combine micro-view individual needs/behaviors with macro-view management measures linking Maslow's hierarchy of needs with the transmission chain of Omicron clusters. The proposed loophole chain could help identify both individual and management loopholes in the spread of the virus. The systematic actions that were taken have effectively combated these ubiquitous vulnerabilities at lower costs and lesser time. In the dynamic coevolution process, the Chinese government has made effective and more socially acceptable prevention policies while meeting the divergent needs of the entire society at the minimum costs. Systematic actions do help maintain the balance between individuals' satisfaction and pandemic containment. This implies that risk management policies should reasonably consider individual needs and improve the cooperation of various stakeholders with targeted flexible measures, securing both public health and life resumption.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Povo Asiático , China , COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/transmissão , COVID-19/virologia , Governo , Mutação , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Comportamento Social , Gestão de Riscos
4.
Violence Against Women ; 28(1): 169-193, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33851562

RESUMO

In China, women who domestically relocate from rural or less developed regions to major cities are at a higher risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) than their non-migrant counterparts. Few studies have focused on Chinese domestic migrant women's help-seeking for IPV and their use of different sources of support. The present study aimed to identify factors that influence migrant women's help-seeking decisions. In addition, we also examined factors that contribute to migrant women's use of diverse sources of support for IPV. A sample of 280 migrant women victimized by IPV in the past year at the time of the survey was drawn from a larger cross-sectional study conducted in four major urban cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. Using a multinomial logistic regression model and a zero-inflated Poisson model, we found that factors influencing migrant women's help-seeking decisions and their use of diverse sources of support included socioeconomic factors, IPV type, relationship-related factors, knowledge of China's first anti-Domestic Violence Law, and perception of the effectiveness of current policies. We discuss implications for future research and interventions.


Assuntos
Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Migrantes , China , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores de Risco
5.
J Med Internet Res ; 23(2): e23957, 2021 02 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33544690

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau provided updates on the novel coronavirus and the government's responses to the pandemic in his daily briefings from March 13 to May 22, 2020, delivered on the official Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) YouTube channel. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine comments on Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau's COVID-19 daily briefings by YouTube users and track these comments to extract the changing dynamics of the opinions and concerns of the public over time. METHODS: We used machine learning techniques to longitudinally analyze a total of 46,732 English YouTube comments that were retrieved from 57 videos of Prime Minister Trudeau's COVID-19 daily briefings from March 13 to May 22, 2020. A natural language processing model, latent Dirichlet allocation, was used to choose salient topics among the sampled comments for each of the 57 videos. Thematic analysis was used to classify and summarize these salient topics into different prominent themes. RESULTS: We found 11 prominent themes, including strict border measures, public responses to Prime Minister Trudeau's policies, essential work and frontline workers, individuals' financial challenges, rental and mortgage subsidies, quarantine, government financial aid for enterprises and individuals, personal protective equipment, Canada and China's relationship, vaccines, and reopening. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to longitudinally investigate public discourse and concerns related to Prime Minister Trudeau's daily COVID-19 briefings in Canada. This study contributes to establishing a real-time feedback loop between the public and public health officials on social media. Hearing and reacting to real concerns from the public can enhance trust between the government and the public to prepare for future health emergencies.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Governo Federal , Processamento de Linguagem Natural , Saúde Pública , Opinião Pública , Mídias Sociais , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Canadá , Emigração e Imigração , Estresse Financeiro , Financiamento Governamental , Governo , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Pandemias , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Política Pública , Quarentena , SARS-CoV-2 , Aprendizado de Máquina não Supervisionado
6.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 129(2): 655-663, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29126560

RESUMO

Water quality in Lake Pontchartrain was deteriorating and recreational activities along the beach were restricted by the end of the 20th Century. A microbial source tracking (MST) study was conducted to determine the fecal contamination sources at public beach of the lake, so that effective pollution control strategies can be developed. Water samples were collected over an eight-month period at ten locations along the lake in 2016 and 2017. E. coli and Enterococcus were detected in 90.6% (culture) and 97.5% (qPCR), 95.8% (culture) and 91.8% (qPCR) of water samples from all sampling sites, respectively. Significant positive relationship between E. coli and Enterococcus results was observed for both qPCR and culture methods. HF183 marker was detected in 94.3% water samples (149 of 158), with concentrations ranging from 29.0 to 6073.5GC/100ml and from 129.8 to 38,465.6GC/100ml in summer and winter, respectively. The results also indicate that significant rainfall events have the potential to supply considerable loads of fecal bacteria to lake waters. Further research is needed to determine the contribution of other animals to fecal contamination in the region.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Fezes/microbiologia , Lagos/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água/normas , Poluição da Água/análise , Animais , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lagos/química , Louisiana , Recreação , Qualidade da Água
7.
Sci Total Environ ; 622-623: 8-16, 2018 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29220778

RESUMO

Brackish water samples from Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana were assessed for the presence of pathogenic amoeba Naegleria fowleri, which causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). In our study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods were used to determine N. fowleri, E. coli, and enterococci in water collected from Lake Pontchartrain. N. fowleri target sequence was detected in 35.4% (56/158) of the water samples from ten sites around the lake. Statistically significant positive correlations between N. fowleri concentration and water temperature as well as E. coli (qPCR) were observed. Multiple linear regression (MLR) model shows seasonal factor (summer or winter) has significant effect on the concentration of N. fowleri, E. coli and enterococci (qPCR) concentration. Significant positive relationships between E. coli and enterococci was observed from both qPCR (r=0.25) and culture based method (r=0.54). Meanwhile, significant positive correlation between qPCR and culture based methods for enterococci concentration was observed (r=0.33). In our study, water temperature and E. coli concentration were indicative of N. fowleri concentrations in brackish water environment. Future research is needed to determine whether sediment is a source of N. fowleri found in the water column.


Assuntos
Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Monitoramento Ambiental , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/microbiologia , Lagos/microbiologia , Naegleria fowleri/isolamento & purificação , Louisiana , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Águas Salinas
8.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 37(7): 2515-2521, 2016 Jul 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29964457

RESUMO

Trace levels of residual antibiotics in drinking water sources may threaten public health and becomes a serious issue in modern society. Occurrence and distribution of 13 sulfonamides antibiotics in a drinking water source in East China were investigated using solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that all 13 sulfonamides were detected with the total concentrations ranging from 10.5 ng·L-1 to 238.5 ng·L-1. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfonamide (SAM) presented the 100% detected frequency, and the maximum concentrations reached 107.0 ng·L-1 and 43.1 ng·L-1, respectively. Sulfonamides contamination levels in the inlet were relatively higher than those in the outlet. The concentration of SMX was substantially unchanged in different positions of drinking water source. Seasonal variation of sulfonamide concentration showed that the concentrations were higher in winter and spring compared with those in summer and autumn. The range of total sulfonamides concentration detected in winter and spring was from 110.8 ng·L-1 to 117.9 ng·L-1, which was 3.6-3.8 times higher than those in summer and autumn. Human health risk characterization of residual sulfonamides in drinking water source was based on the assessment of risk quotients (RQs) for which different life stages were taken into account. The results showed that no sulfonamides had a RQs higher than 1. Trimethoprim (TMP) was the most risky antibiotic to the 0-3 months old infants with RQs reaching 0.001. Although the sulfonamides detected in the drinking water source do not pose any risk to the peoples' health, the implication of long-time exposure and comprehensive risk still deserve attention.


Assuntos
Água Potável/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Sulfonamidas/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos , China , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Medição de Risco
9.
J Immunol ; 194(2): 575-83, 2015 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25505274

RESUMO

The alarmins myeloid-related protein (MRP)8 and MRP14 are the most prevalent cytoplasmic proteins in phagocytes. When released from activated or necrotic phagocytes, extracellular MRP8/MRP14 promote inflammation in many diseases, including infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The involvement of TLR4 and the multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products as receptors during MRP8-mediated effects on inflammation remains controversial. By comparative bioinformatic analysis of genome-wide response patterns of human monocytes to MRP8, endotoxins, and various cytokines, we have developed a model in which TLR4 is the dominant receptor for MRP8-mediated phagocyte activation. The relevance of the TLR4 signaling pathway was experimentally validated using human and murine models of TLR4- and receptor for advanced glycation end products-dependent signaling. Furthermore, our systems biology approach has uncovered an antiapoptotic role for MRP8 in monocytes, which was corroborated by independent functional experiments. Our data confirm the primary importance of the TLR4/MRP8 axis in the activation of human monocytes, representing a novel and attractive target for modulation of the overwhelming innate immune response.


Assuntos
Calgranulina A/imunologia , Imunidade Inata/fisiologia , Monócitos/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologia , Animais , Calgranulina B/imunologia , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Inflamação/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Monócitos/citologia , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Receptores Imunológicos/imunologia
10.
Am J Public Health ; 104(4): 702-7, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24524489

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: We examined the content and usability of the Web sites of agencies serving women victims of violence. METHODS: We entered the names of a systematic 10% sample of 3774 agencies listed in 2 national directories into a search engine. We took (in April 2012) and analyzed screenshots of the 261 resulting home pages and the readability of 193 home and first-level pages. RESULTS: Victims (94%) and donors (68%) were the primary intended audiences. About one half used social media and one third provided cues to action. Almost all (96.4%) of the Web pages were rated "fairly difficult" to "very confusing" to read, and 81.4% required more than a ninth-grade education to understand. CONCLUSIONS: The service and marketing functions were met fairly well by the agency home pages, but usability (particularly readability and offer of a mobile version) and efforts to increase user safety could be improved. Internet technologies are an essential platform for public health. They are particularly useful for reaching people with stigmatized health conditions because of the anonymity allowed. The one third of agencies that lack a Web site will not reach the substantial portion of the population that uses the Internet to find health information and other resources.


Assuntos
Violência Doméstica , Internet , Violência , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher/estatística & dados numéricos
11.
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int ; 12(6): 617-21, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24322747

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Assessment of tumor response after argon-helium cryoablation is critical in guiding future therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate liver hemodynamics in hepatocellular carcinoma after argon-helium cryoablation with computed tomography perfusion. METHODS: The control group comprised 40 volunteers without liver disease. The experimental group was composed of 15 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with argon-helium cryoablation. Computed tomography perfusion parameters were measured: hepatic blood flow, hepatic blood volume, mean transit time, permeability of capillary vessel surface, hepatic arterial fraction, hepatic arterial perfusion, and hepatic portal perfusion. RESULTS: After treatment, in the tumor foci, permeability of capillary vessel surface was higher, and hepatic blood flow, hepatic blood volume, hepatic arterial fraction, and hepatic arterial perfusion values were lower (P<0.05). In the liver parenchyma surrounding the tumor, hepatic arterial perfusion was significantly lower (P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference in hepatic blood flow, hepatic blood volume, mean transit time, permeability of capillary vessel surface, hepatic arterial fraction, or hepatic portal perfusion (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Computed tomography perfusion can evaluate tumor response after argon-helium cryoablation.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Criocirurgia/métodos , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Fígado/irrigação sanguínea , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Argônio , Volume Sanguíneo/fisiologia , Permeabilidade Capilar/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Hélio , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
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