Quantifying the Carbon Reduction Potential of Recycling Construction Waste Based on Life Cycle Assessment: A Case of Jiangsu Province.

The recycling of construction waste is key to reducing waste generation and CO2 emissions. This study aimed to develop a quantitative model for analyzing the carbon reduction potential of recycling construction, demolition, and renovation waste (CDRW) in Jiangsu province. The waste generation rate calculation method and nonlinear autoregressive artificial neural network model were used to estimate and predict CDRW generation. The life cycle assessment was performed to calculate the carbon reduction potential of recycling CDRW. In quantifying the carbon reduction potential, not only construction and demolition waste, but also renovation waste was considered for the first time. The results showed that the total carbon reduction potential of recycling CDRW increased from 3.94 Mt CO2e in 2000 to 58.65 Mt CO2e in 2020. Steel and concrete were the main contributors. By scenario analysis, the carbon reduction potential of fully recycling CDRW in 2020 increased by 37.79 Mt CO2e, a growth rate of 64%. The study further predicts future CDRW generation and the corresponding carbon reduction potential. Our conclusions indicate that 245.45 Mt of CDRW will be generated in 2030, and carbon reduction potential may reach 82.36 Mt CO2e. These results will help the government manage construction waste better and reach early achievement of the carbon peak target.

Low-cost Mn-Fe/SAPO-34 catalyst from natural ferromanganese ore and lithium-silicon-powder waste for efficient low-temperature NH3-SCR removal of NOx.

The development of low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) catalysts is desirable but still challenging. Herein, a low-cost Mn-Fe/SAPO-34 catalyst was successfully synthesized using natural ferromanganese ore (FO) and industrial waste lithium-silicon-powder (LSP) by solid-state ion exchange (SSIE) method, and showed high NH3-SCR activity at low temperature range (150-200 °C) with high N2 selectivity. After loading FO, Mn-O and Fe-O bonds on Mn-Fe/SAPO-34 were weakened, which were beneficial to electron transfer and the oxidation-reduction cycle of SCR. The coexisting of Mn and Fe promoted the dispersion of Fe, resulted in high amounts of Oa, Mn4+ and Fe3+ which facilitated the adsorption and activization of NH3 over Mn-Fe/SAPO-34 catalyst. The Brønsted and Lewis acid sites participate in NH3-SCR, and the adsorbed nitrate species could quickly react with the adsorbed NH3 species via the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism. The Mn-Fe/SAPO-34 integrated the advantages of low-cost, resource saving and environment friendly, giving a low-carbon and sustainable choice for the industrial application of NOx abatement.

[Critical quality attribute assessment of big brand traditional Chinese medicine: visualization of blending process for rare medicines in Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills based on spatial distribution uniformity].

The spatial distribution uniformity of valuable medicines is the critical quality attribute in the process control of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills. With the real world sample of the mixed end-point powder of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills as the research object, hyperspectral imaging technology was used to collect a total of 32 400 data points with a size of 180 pix×180 pix. Spectral angle matching(SAM), classical least squares and mixed tuned matched filtering(MTMF) were used to identify the spatial distribution of rare medicines. MTMF model showed higher identification accuracy, therefore the spatial distribution of the blended intermediates was identified based on the MTMF model. The histogram method was also used to evaluate the spatial distribution uniformity of rare medicines. The results showed that the standard deviation was 4.78, 6.5, 3.48, 1.96, and 3.00 respectively for artificial bezoar, artificial musk, Borneol, Antelope horn and Buffalo horn; the variance was 22.8, 42.3, 12.1, 3.82, and 9.00, and the skewness was 1.26, 1.71, 0.06,-0.86, and 1.04, respectively. The final results showed that the most even blending was achieved in concentrated powder of Borneol, Antelope horn and Buffalo horn, followed by artificial bezoar, and last artificial musk. A visualization method was established for quality attributes of distribution uniformity in blending process of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills. It could provide evidences of quality control methods in the mixing process of big brand traditional Chinese medicine.

[Critical quality attribute assessment of big brand traditional Chinese medicine: study on NIR field detection method of chemical properties of moisture in Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills].

For the field detection problems of critical quality attribute(CQA) of moisture content in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) manufacturing process, big brand TCM Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills were used as the carrier, to establish a moisture content NIR field detection model with or without cellophane in real world production with use of near infrared(NIR) spectroscopy combined with stoichiometry. With the moisture content determined by drying method as reference value, the partial least square method(PLS) was used to analyze the correlation between the spectrum and the moisture reference value. Then the spectral pretreatment methods were screened and optimized to further improve the accuracy and stability of the model. The results showed that the best quantitative model was developed by the spectral data pretreatment of standard normal variate(SNV) with the latent variable factor number of 2 and 7 of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills with or without cellophane samples. The prediction coefficient of determination(R_(pre)~2) and standard deviation of prediction(RMSEP) of the model with cellophane samples were 0.765 7 and 0.157 2%; R_(pre)~2 and RMSEP of the model without cellophane samples were 0.772 2 and 0.207 8%. The NIR quantitative models of moisture content of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills with and without cellophane both showed good predictive performance to realize the rapid, accurate and non-destructive quantitative analysis of moisture content in such pills, and provide a method for the field quality control of the critical chemical attributes of moisture in the manufacturing of big brand TCM.

[Critical quality attribute assessment of big brand traditional Chinese medicine: quality control of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills in texture and sensory attributes].

Texture sensory attributes are the key items in quality control of Chinese medicinal honeyed pills. The purpose of this study is to develop a quality control method for assessing the texture sensory attributes of Chinese medicinal honeyed pills based on real-world Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin pilular masses and finished products. First, parameters of texture profile analysis(TPA) were optimized through single factor and central composite design(CCD) experiments to establish a detection method for texture sensory attri-butes of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills. The results showed that the established detection method was stable and reliable, with the optimal parameters set up as follows: deformation percentage of 70%, detection speed at 30 mm·min~(-1), and interval time of 15 s. Furthermore, 540 data points yielded form six texture sensory attributes of pills from 30 batches were subjected to multivariate statistical process control(MSPC) with Hotelling T~2 and squared prediction error(SPE) control charts to establish the quality control method of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills. This study is expected to provide a reference for improving the quality control system of Chinese medicinal honeyed pills.

[Critical quality attribute assessment of big brand traditional Chinese medicine: modular identification of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills based on efficacy with chemical properties].

Identification of critical quality attribute(CQA) is crucial in quality control of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills(TRNHQXP). In this study, 661 active components in TRNHQXP were selected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and network pharmacology based on reported data and TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, and TCMID databases, as well as mass spectrometry data, and 1 413 targets of the active components were obtained through SwissTargetPrediction. The 152 potential targets obtained from the intersection of predicted targets with 456 stroke targets underwent functional enrichment analysis by Metascape. The 27 Chinese medicinals in TRNHQXP were divided into four sets according to efficacies. Thirty-seven key targets in the blood-activating and stasis-resolving set and 41 in the tonifying set were screened out. On the basis of these potential key targets, 137 potential key CQA of TRNHQXP for stroke were reversely predicted. This study revealed the possible mechanism of TRNHQXP in treating stroke and established a modular identification method for the potential CQA of big brand traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) based on efficacies and chemical properties. Consequently, the CQA of TRNHQXP were identified by this method, which has provided a reference for the following experimental studies of CQA.

Establishment of a prognostic model based on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score for patients with first-time acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors of patients with first-time acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to establish a nomogram for prognostic modeling. METHODS: We studied 985 patients with first-time AMI using data from the Multi-parameter Intelligent Monitoring for Intensive Care database and extracted their demographic data. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine outcome-related variables. We also tested a new predictive model that includes the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and compared it with the SOFA-only model. RESULTS: An older age, higher SOFA score, and higher Acute Physiology III score were risk factors for the prognosis of AMI. The risk of further cardiovascular events was 1.54-fold higher in women than in men. Patients in the cardiac surgery intensive care unit had a better prognosis than those in the coronary heart disease intensive care unit. Pressurized drug use was a protective factor and the risk of further cardiovascular events was 1.36-fold higher in nonusers. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of AMI is affected by age, the SOFA score, the Acute Physiology III score, sex, admission location, type of care unit, and vasopressin use. Our new predictive model for AMI has better performance than the SOFA model alone.