An assessment of the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale for nursing interns: A cross-cultural adaptation of scales and online investigation.

AIM: The Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale is a tool for evaluating the attitudes of medical staff toward reporting adverse events in clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale translated into Chinese used with trainee nurses in mainland China. DESIGN: The Chinese version of the Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale was developed following guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of self-reporting measures. METHODS: The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale was tested on 773 nursing interns by online investigation. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on 350 questionnaires completed by the participants while exploratory factor analysis was performed on 423 questionnaires to test the structural validity of the scale. RESULTS: There were 23 items included in the Chinese version of the Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale. The Cronbach's α-coefficient for the internal consistency of the total score was found to be 0.84 with a test-retest reliability value of 0.82, indicating a high level of reliability. Five common factors were extracted. The structural validity on the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was 0.87 and the contribution rate of cumulative variance was 58.51%. The content validity values ranged between 0.86 and 1.00. CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating nursing interns' attitudes toward reporting clinical adverse events in China. This validation of the Chinese version of the scale also extends the use of the scale to a different population. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Nursing interns are responsible for a relatively high incidence of adverse events and their attitude to reporting these is crucial to patient safety. The Chinese version of the Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale will be helpful for evaluating the reporting attitude of nursing interns.

Curcumin improves insulin sensitivity and increases energy expenditure in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice associated with activation of FNDC5/irisin.

OBJECTIVE: Curcumin (Cur) has a beneficial role in preventing metabolic dysfunctions; however, the underlying mechanism are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the beneficial metabolic effects of curcumin are associated with the regulation of energy metabolism and activation of fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin. METHODS: We used cellular and molecular techniques to investigate the effects of Cur on C57 BL/6 mice that were fed either a control diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without 0.2% Cur for 10 wk. Factors involved in energy metabolism, inflammatory responses, and insulin signaling, as well as the involvement of FNDC5/irisin pathway, were assessed. RESULTS: Cur alleviated adiposity and suppressed inflammatory response in white adipose tissue (WAT) of HFD mice. Meanwhile, Cur administration increased plasma irisin concentration and improved insulin sensitivity of HFD mice. Cur increased the oxygen consumption and heat production and reduced respiratory exchange ratio (RES) in HFD mice, which were accompanied by the enhancement of metabolic activity in brown fat and inguinal WAT. Additionally, the improvement of basal metabolic rate by Cur may be partly regulated by the FNDC5/ p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that dietary Cur alleviated diet-induced adiposity by improving insulin sensitivity and whole body energy metabolism via the FNDC5/p38 MAPK/ERK pathways.