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1.
Stress Health ; 40(2): e3309, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37621258

RESUMO

The delayed retirement initiative has become increasingly emphasised to cope with the population ageing. Based on the social-ecological model, this study explores the interplay of late retirement, health care, economic insecurity, and electronic social contact on mental health of older workers. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (wave 8), results show that the late retirement, health care quality, and electronic social contact are all negatively associated with the mental health problems among older workers. Besides, the influence of health care quality and electronic social contact on mental health problems are buffered by the economic insecurity respectively. It is concluded that more targeted policy response is in need to achieve better health outcomes among older workers.


Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Aposentadoria , Humanos , Aposentadoria/psicologia , Envelhecimento , Europa (Continente) , Atenção à Saúde
2.
Int J Health Plann Manage ; 39(2): 571-582, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37957707

RESUMO

Delayed retirement initiative proposed in China attaches greater importance to the sustainability of pension systems and the labour shortage, but less to the health status of older people. The existing social health insurance and pension system are not well established to match this initiative. This study investigates the policy mix of delayed retirement, employment-based social health insurance, social pension participation for health status of older people. Results of the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS-2018) show that late retirement could benefit health status among older adults. Moreover, such effect of late retirement appears more salient for those uninsured by employment-based social health insurance and those still in the pension contribution phase upon reaching the statutory retirement age. Hence, in countries with inadequate health insurance and pension systems, such as China, delayed retirement may serve as an important alternative to social security for the health of older people.


Assuntos
Aposentadoria , Previdência Social , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Longitudinais , Seguro Saúde , Pensões , Nível de Saúde , Políticas
3.
J Occup Environ Med ; 65(5): e298-e305, 2023 05 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36806092

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study compares the relation between unmet health care needs and mental health of older people with different work patterns. METHODS: This study uses data of Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe Corona survey (n = 51,632 to 51,731). RESULTS: The unmet health care need results in depression/sadness during the pandemic (0.304, P < 0.01). Besides, such problem is more salient in workers than the nonemployed population (0.066, P < 0.01 for workers; 0.058, P < 0.01 for the nonemployed) and more outstanding in those working on site and with hybrid work model compared with the telecommuters (0.264, P < 0.01 for telecommuters; 0.378, P < 0.01 for on-site workers; 0.437, P < 0.01 for hybrid work model). CONCLUSIONS: Policymakers should focus on mental health of older people especially for those fully or partially involved in on-site work, when common health care need can be crowded out for limited health care resources during the pandemic.


Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Pandemias , Humanos , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Instalações de Saúde
4.
Health Soc Care Community ; 30(6): e4894-e4908, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35790046

RESUMO

The vulnerable population are often faced with the transport deprivation resulting in social exclusion (e.g. lack of access to healthcare service or suffering from lower health service quality). The disparity in travel experience can lead to different results of healthcare service seeking amongst the vulnerable population such as older adults with and without disabilities. This study applies Heckman's two-stage procedure and the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Based on having controlled the influence of individual financial situation and self-rated health, results show that longer travel time is observed in older adults who have paid the visit to the higher class healthcare facilities (HHCF). Besides, the visit to HHCF is negatively associated with disability and positively with travel mode with less discomfort. Further, the relationship between disability and the class of visited healthcare facilities is found to be conditioned on the travel time and travel mode, wherein such relationship could be intensified by longer travel time and be alleviated by travel mode with less discomfort. Therefore, social policies to alleviate transport deprivation are critical for accessing better healthcare services amongst older people with disabilities.


Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Longitudinais , Isolamento Social , Políticas
5.
Arch Public Health ; 80(1): 173, 2022 Jul 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35850919

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study is to investigate the interaction of family support, transport cost (ex-post), and disabilities on health service seeking behavior among older people from the perspective of social ecological model. METHOD: We conduct a series of regressions including the Poisson model and Multiple logit model. The Heckman two-stage procedure is also conducted to check the robustness. RESULTS: Given that health care resources are generally concentrated in densely populated urban areas, access to services of higher-class health care facilities is found associated with higher transport cost (ex-post). Family support could also promote the access to higher-class health care facilities. Although disability may impede such access, this effect may be mitigated by paying higher transport cost (ex-post). CONCLUSIONS: Alleviating transport deprivation and promoting family support are critical for access to better healthcare services among older people with disabilities.

6.
J Occup Environ Med ; 64(7): e409-e416, 2022 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35673247

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Increasing retirement-aged workers are encouraged to stay in the labor market, as delayed retirement initiative is proposed. This study investigates the interplay of late-life working participation and social security on the mental health risk of retirement-aged workers. METHOD: We applied data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS-2018), and the instrumental variables regression was conducted. RESULTS: Late-life working could alleviate depression, as did the beneficiary status of employment-based social health insurance and the pensionable phase of social pension participation. Besides, the role of late-life working in alleviating depression became more salient when late retirees were not insured by the employment-based social health insurance and still in the pension contribution phase. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the current social security system in China has not been sufficiently well designed to protect the mental health of retirement-aged workers.


Assuntos
Aposentadoria , Previdência Social , Idoso , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Saúde Mental , Pensões
7.
Health Res Policy Syst ; 20(1): 53, 2022 May 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35525956

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The delayed retirement initiative and population aging have led to a growing group of late retirees. However, it remains unclear whether the existing employment-based health insurance system can effectively match the recently proposed initiative and support late retirees, especially those with pre-existing function limitations. Thus, this study aims to investigate the influencing mechanism of China's Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI), physical functioning limitation (PFL) and difficulty in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) on labour participation of late retirees in China. METHODS: This study uses data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) survey, which tracks the quality of life among older adults in China (valid sample size = 5560). RESULTS: Empirical results show that China's employment-based health insurance (i.e. UEBMI) and health conditions (i.e. PFL and difficulty in IADLs) are positively associated with late retirees' withdrawal from late career participation. In addition, a higher level of difficulty in IADLs could strengthen the effect of PFL on late retirees' withdrawal from late career participation, which could be further buffered by UEBMI beneficiary status. CONCLUSION: In the formulation of delayed retirement policies, it is necessary to consider the influencing mechanism of the social health insurance system and health conditions on late career participation of older workers to ensure policy effectiveness.


Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Emprego , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Seguro Saúde , Estudos Longitudinais
8.
J Occup Environ Med ; 64(3): e155-e164, 2022 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35244090

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study is to investigate the health-related work capacity of retirement-aged workers under the beneficiary status of different health insurance schemes in China. METHOD: Using the data from CHARLS program, we investigate the health-related work capacity of retirement-aged workers in China (more than 60/55 years-old for men/women respectively). Multivariate regressions and robustness checks (Heckman two-stage procedures, chronological design, etc) are conducted. RESULTS: (1) Late-life career participation could reduce the risk of declining work capacity due to health problems; (2) different social health insurances affect health-related work capacity among retirement-aged workers differently; (3) social health insurances influence the role of late-life career participation in reducing the risk of health-related work capacity, with different schemes displaying different effects (mitigate or strengthen). CONCLUSIONS: Systematic inequity in benefit across health insurances may result in contrasting health outcomes of retirement-aged workers.


Assuntos
Seguro Saúde , Aposentadoria , Idoso , China , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
9.
Arch Public Health ; 80(1): 93, 2022 Mar 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35337382

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: As a multi-ethnic country, the US is increasingly concerned about ethnic minorities facing disproportionate health risks of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study attempted to provide a macro picture of the associations between population distribution by ethnicity and the vulnerability to COVID-19 in terms of infection risk and vaccination coverage in the US. METHODS: This study used multi-source data from New York Times, County Health Rankings & Roadmap Program (2020), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Multiple linear regressions were performed at equidistant time points (May 2020-Jan 2021, with one-month interval between each time point) to reveal the association between population distribution by ethnicities and the infection risk and the dynamics over time. Besides, multiple linear regressions were also conducted at equidistant time points (Jan 2021-Aug 2021) to reveal whether health disparities between ethnicities would hold true for the COVID-19 vaccination coverage (in total population, and among those > 12, > 18, and > 65 years of age). RESULTS: Both the COVID-19 confirmed cases (population standardized) and the vaccination coverage (in total population, and among those > 12, > 18, and > 65 years of age) were significantly associated with the population distribution by ethnicity (e.g., population percentage of ethnic minorities). Above associations were statistically significant for non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics, but not for Asian Americans. CONCLUSIONS: A proportion of socioeconomically-disadvantageous population could be a key intuitive reflection of the risk level of this public health crisis. The policy focusing on the vulnerable population is important in this pandemic.

10.
Child Youth Serv Rev ; 136: 106429, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35221406

RESUMO

This study intends to reveal the underlying structural inequity in vulnerability to infection of the novel coronavirus disease pandemic among children and youth. Using multi-source data from New York Times novel coronavirus disease tracking project and County Health Rankings & Roadmap Program, this study shows that children and youth in socioeconomically disadvantaged status are faced with disproportionate risk of infection in this pandemic. On the county level, socioeconomic disadvantages (i.e., single parent family, low birthweight, severe housing problems) contribute to the confirmed cases and death cases of the novel coronavirus disease. Policymakers should pay more attention to this vulnerable group to implement more targeted and effective epidemic prevention and control.

11.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health ; 95(5): 1067-1078, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34997326

RESUMO

PURPOSE: A growing number of older workers engage in multiple jobs in the context of delayed retirement initiative and the fast-growing gig economy in China. However, it remains unclear whether multiple jobs holding is beneficial to late retirees. METHODS: To preliminarily address this issue, this study applies the data of CHARLS-2015 to examine the effect of late retirement and multiple-job holding on mental health among older adults. Besides, instrumental variables (IVs) regression is conducted to clarify potential endogeneity problem. RESULTS: It is shown that both late retirement (coef. = - 2.726, p < 0.01) and multiple-job holding (coef. = - 1.523, p < 0.01) alleviate depression among older adults. However, multiple-job holding would weaken the relationship between late retirement and depression (coef. = 2.019, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that although the modest engagement in late careers and multiple-job holding could benefit mental health, respectively, the overlap of them could be overburdened for older adults. Policymakers should be aware of the occupational risk of multiple-job holding when incentivizing the delayed retirement to address the population aging.


Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Aposentadoria , Idoso , Envelhecimento/psicologia , China , Humanos , Ocupações , Aposentadoria/psicologia
12.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health ; 95(3): 737-751, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34628522

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The Slash (multiple-job holders) become increasingly prevalent in the labor force under the context of fast-developing gig economy and other emerging employment forms active on platforms. However, health outcomes of multiple-job holding have not received sufficient research treatment and is far from reaching consensus. This study provides an empirical investigation on the influence of multiple-job holding on individual health. METHOD: This study uses data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS-2015 survey) which covers 28 provinces/municipalities in China and tracks work and health status of the population aged over 45 years using stratified random sampling (N = 12,659-16,526 for examinations of different types of health status (i.e., chronic conditions/body aches/depression, in study 1), and from the Survey of Household Economics and Decision-making (SHED-2019) which is conducted by the Federal Reserve Board of the United States and documents economic behavior and related risks of the population aged over 18 years (N = 6603 for baseline model and N = 10,718 for supplementary test, in study 2). To address the potential endogeneity of multiple-job holding, the instrumental variable (IV) regressions are conducted to ensure the validity of results. The implementation of Study 1 and 2 in different national context could help test the generalization of research results. RESULTS: Compared with non-multiple jobs holding, multiple-job holding with only one additional job is associated with better health status (i.e., less chronic conditions and body aches, a lower level of depression shown in study 1, and better self-assessed general health shown in study 2), however, multiple-job holding with at least two additional jobs turns to be associated with worse health status (shown in both study 1 and 2). These results show that the optimal level of multiple-job holding could be featured with one additional job besides the primary job. CONCLUSION: Multiple-job holding, with different structures, has both bright and dark side for health outcomes. To maintain an optimal level of multiple-job holding could benefit individual health.


Assuntos
Emprego , Nível de Saúde , Adulto , Idoso , China , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados Unidos
13.
Int J Health Plann Manage ; 37(1): 452-464, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34647355

RESUMO

With many social challenges posed by an ageing population, the delayed retirement initiative has received wide attention from policymakers. However, China's current multi-level social health insurance system seems not perfect and not ready for the delayed retirement initiative. The public are generally concerned that the benefits of late retirees cannot be well guaranteed. Using data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the chorological design (CHARLS-2015 and -2018 waves), this study finds that (1) late retirement could be beneficial for physical health among older adults; (2) there have disparities between the effects of different social health insurances on physical health among older adults; (3) social health insurances could weaken the benefits of late retirement to physical health among older adults. Results imply that China's current multi-level social medical insurance system may lag behind the proposed delayed retirement initiative and have policy limitations for late retirees.


Assuntos
Seguro Saúde , Aposentadoria , Idoso , China , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Previdência Social
14.
J Occup Environ Med ; 64(2): e60-e69, 2022 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34817454

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Delayed retirement initiative is taken as one of the proposed solutions to population aging. Rare research attention has been paid to determinants in decisions-making of late retirement. METHOD: This study applies data from CHARLS survey (2018) that traces the health status among older adults in China, and implements the stepwise multiple regression analysis adjusted with robust standard errors on individual level. RESULTS: The difficulty in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and chronic conditions could increase the intention of retirement-aged workers to withdraw from late career participation; and the overlay of both would interact to reinforce such intention. Besides, the employment-related social pension participation could further strengthen the jointly contributing effect of both on withdrawal from late career participation. CONCLUSION: The triple interaction mechanism in retirement-aged workers' decisions of late retirement needs considering in the policy formulation of delayed retirement initiative.


Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas , Aposentadoria , Idoso , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Pensões , Previdência Social
15.
Int J Health Plann Manage ; 36(2): 334-352, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33025639

RESUMO

The US Government has embarked on the largest initiative to date to encourage widespread use of electronic health records (EHRs). Up to now, it is not yet clear that what the actual effectiveness of EHR promotion is like since the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act. As a response, this study analyzes the EHR conversion at the primary stage (sign-up EHR→go-live EHR) and the advanced stage (go-live EHR→meaningful use of EHR) for different types of healthcare providers in the United States. With the data from the Office of National Coordinator for Health Information Technology-Regional Extension Centers Program, this study finds that healthcare providers have achieved progress in the EHR conversion at both the primary and advanced stage. However, the levels of progress made at different stages of EHR conversion vary for different providers. For rural and underserved healthcare settings, the progress made at the advanced stage is smaller than that at the primary stage, contrary to the case for other kinds of providers. Moreover, although the greater progress has been made at the advanced stage for some kinds of providers, the overall level of EHR conversion for various healthcare providers is far greater at the primary stage than at the advanced stage.


Assuntos
Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Informática Médica , American Recovery and Reinvestment Act , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Uso Significativo , Estados Unidos
16.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 8(2)2020 Jun 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32503346

RESUMO

Some details about author affiliations should to be updated in the article [...].

17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31795293

RESUMO

Female's access to reproductive health intervention has experienced dramatic change with the development of women's rights across the world. However, the influence of the development of global women's rights on reproductive health intervention access differs by place of residence and by the socio-economic characteristics of educational attainment and income levels. As a response to it, this study investigates the influence of the development of global women's rights on contraceptive intervention access of females from different places of residence (rural/urban areas), with different educational attainment and income levels. Using multi-source data from World Health Organization (WHO), Inter-Parliament Union (IPU), International Labor Organization (ILO), and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), empirical results show that the development of women's rights generally improves female's contraceptive intervention access around the world, and especially benefits females in rural areas, with a lower educational level, and in the medium or low-income stratum. The development of global women's rights thus contributes to the social equity of healthcare access for females.


Assuntos
Classe Social , Nações Unidas , Direitos da Mulher , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Saúde Global , Humanos , Pobreza , Saúde Reprodutiva , População Rural , Adulto Jovem
18.
Int J Health Plann Manage ; 34(4): e1760-e1773, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31469198

RESUMO

Chronic disease patients have long suffered from mental health problems because of the long-lasting and costly treatments. Although the multilevel social health insurance system in China attempts to provide them with full-fledged health insurance coverage, the increasing prevalence of gig economy unexpectedly disrupts this situation. As the social health insurance system in China is closely associated with employment status, unemployed rural-to-urban migrant workers/regular urban workers have to accept the transition from urban employee basic medical insurance (UEBMI) to new cooperative medical scheme (NCMS)/urban resident basic medical insurance (URBMI). This study investigates the influence of this involuntary health insurance transition on the mental health of chronic disease patients. Empirical results show that the experience of transition from UEBMI to NCMS would significantly deteriorate the mental health of chronic disease patients, while the transition from UEBMI to URBMI would not. Accordingly, chronically ill rural-to-urban migrant workers are vulnerable to the involuntary health insurance transition that further deteriorates their mental health, and the multilevel social health insurance system in China cannot cope well with the emerging phenomenon of frequent employment change in labor market.


Assuntos
Doença Crônica/psicologia , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Seguro Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Previdência Social/organização & administração , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , China/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Seguro Saúde/organização & administração , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Previdência Social/estatística & dados numéricos , Desemprego/psicologia , Desemprego/estatística & dados numéricos
19.
Int J Health Plann Manage ; 34(4): e1968-e1979, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31222802

RESUMO

Governments around the world are committed to enhance health equity, but the effectiveness of government health expenditure in improving health equity is still full of controversy. To respond to it, this study investigates the influence of government health expenditure (including domestic government health expenditure and foreign-sourced health expenditure distributed by government) on child mortality rate across the world, in doing so evaluates its role in improving the social equity of health outcome. Using data of health expenditure and child mortality rate across the world (2000-2015), empirical results show that both domestic government and foreign-sourced health expenditure can greatly reduce the child mortality rate of families in rural areas with the lower level of maternal education and in the medium or low-income stratum. Further, even though domestic government health expenditure is found more effective to reduce the child mortality rate of males, foreign-sourced health expenditure can help cover such gender bias due to making a greater reduction in child mortality rate of females.


Assuntos
Mortalidade da Criança , Financiamento Governamental/estatística & dados numéricos , Equidade em Saúde/economia , Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Financiamento Governamental/economia , Saúde Global/economia , Saúde Global/estatística & dados numéricos , Equidade em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Lactente , Mortalidade Infantil , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Fatores Socioeconômicos
20.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 7(2)2019 Apr 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30979025

RESUMO

This study investigates the influence of the household registration system on rural-urban disparity in healthcare access (including healthcare quality, blood pressure check, blood test, vision test, dental examination, and breast exam), using data from a large-scale nationwide life history survey that covered 150 counties across 28 provinces and municipalities in China. In contrast to the findings of many previous studies that emphasize the disparity in the residence place as the cause of rural-urban disparity in healthcare access, this study finds that the residence place just has a very limited influence on healthcare access in China, and what really matters is the household registration type. Our empirical results show that people with a non-rural household registration type generally have better healthcare access than those with a rural one. For rural residents, changing the registration type of their household (from rural to non-rural) can improve their healthcare access, whereas changing the residence place or migrating from rural to urban areas have no effect. Therefore, mere rural-to-urban migration may not be a valid measure to eliminate the rural-urban disparity in healthcare access, unless the institution of healthcare resource allocation is reformed.

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