An Assessment of the Reliability and Factorial Validity of the Chinese Version of the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey (H-PEPSS).

BACKGROUND: A nursing student's reflection on their knowledge and competence in patient safety (PS) may prepare them to provide safer care in certain circumstances. The Health Professional Education in PS Survey (H-PEPSS) is a validated tool for assessing the perceptions of nursing students with regards to competence in PS. The H-PEPSS is widely used internationally but is not available in Chinese. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to translate the H-PEPSS into Chinese and test its psychometric properties among Chinese undergraduate nursing students. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional online survey that was conducted in 2018. SETTINGS: Seven nursing schools in North, East, Northeast, Central, Southwest, South, and Northwest China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 732 final-year undergraduate nursing students were recruited by convenience sampling. METHODS: Translation was conducted rigorously in accordance with an adapted version of Brislin's translation model. Psychometric evaluation was conducted by incorporating classical test theory and item response theory (IRT) analysis. RESULTS: The Chinese version of the H-PEPSS (both the classroom and clinical practice versions) achieved a Cronbach's α, marginal reliability and 2-week test-retest reliability of >0.85. A six-factor solution explaining 81.49% and 82.32% of the total variance was obtained for the classroom and clinical practice versions, respectively. This was further validated by confirmatory factor analysis. IRT analysis showed that the scale offers a broad range of information on PS competence and discriminates efficiently between patients with high and low levels of competence in PS. CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the H-PEPSS is a reliable and valid instrument that is capable of evaluating competence in PS perceived by undergraduate nursing students. In addition, the survey may also be used to evaluate gaps in classroom knowledge and clinical competence, and to offer valid data for designing or tailoring new education strategies.

[Index system and fuzzy synthetic assessment in landscape evaluation of ornamental grasses].

A composite index system for landscape evaluation of ornamental grasses was built from the aspects of ecological constraints, resources requirement and aesthetic values, and the ornamental grass landscapes in Beijing Botanical Garden and in Nanzhongzhou public green spaces were evaluated by fuzzy synthetic assessment (FSA) method. The results showed that the scores of "very apt" for the ornamental grasses in Beijing Botanical Garden and in Nanzhongzhou public green spaces were 0.459 and 0.413, respectively, while those of "apt" for the two landscapes were 0.302 and 0.301, respectively. The evaluation results were consistent with the public feedbacks, suggesting that the composite index system and FSA method were applicable for the landscape evaluation of ornamental grasses.