RESUMO
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for maintaining concrete infrastructure. The data collected by these sensors are processed and analyzed using various analysis tools under different loadings and exposure to external conditions. Sensor-based investigation on concrete has been carried out for technologies used for designing structural health monitoring sensors. A Sensor-Infused Structural Analysis such as interfacial bond-slip model, corroded steel bar, fiber-optic sensors, carbon black and polypropylene fiber, concrete cracks, concrete carbonation, strain transfer model, and vibrational-based monitor. The compressive strength (CS) and split tensile strength (STS) values of the analyzed material fall within a range from 26 to 36 MPa and from 2 to 3 MPa, respectively. The material being studied has a range of flexural strength (FS) and density values that fall between 4.5 and 7 MPa and between 2250 and 2550 kg/m3. The average squared difference between the predicted and actual compressive strength values was found to be 4.405. With cement ratios of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, the shear strength value ranged from 4.4 to 5.6 MPa. The maximum shear strength was observed for a water-cement ratio of 0.4, with 5.5 MPa, followed by a water-cement ratio of 0.3, with 5 MPa. Optimizing the water-cement ratio achieves robust concrete (at 0.50), while a lower ratio may hinder strength (at 0.30). PZT sensors and stress-wave measurements aid in the precise structural monitoring, enhanced by steel fibers and carbon black, for improved sensitivity and mechanical properties. These findings incorporate a wide range of applications, including crack detection; strain and deformation analysis; and monitoring of temperature, moisture, and corrosion. This review pioneers sensor technology for concrete monitoring (Goal 9), urban safety (Goal 11), climate resilience (Goal 13), coastal preservation (Goal 14), and habitat protection (Goal 15) of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.
RESUMO
Magnesium, which is lightweight and abundant by nature, was widely used in the 19th century to make parts for automobiles and airplanes. Due to their superior strength-to-weight ratios, magnesium alloys were favored for engineering applications over unadulterated magnesium. These alloys result from the combination of magnesium with various metals, including aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), lithium (Li), and zirconium (Zr). In this study, an alloy of magnesium was created using the powder metallurgy (PM) technique, and its optimal performance was determined through the Taguchi-Gray (TG) analysis method. To enhance the alloy's mechanical properties, diverse weight fractions of silicon carbide (SiC) were introduced. The study primarily focused on the Mg-Zn-Cu-Mn alloy, achieving the optimal composition of Mg-3Zn-1Cu-0.7Mn (ZC-31). Subsequently, composites of ZC-31/SiC were produced via PM and the hot extrusion (HE) process, followed by the assessment of the mechanical properties under various strain rates. The use of silicon carbide (SiC) resulted in enhanced composite densities as a consequence of the increased density exhibited by SiC particles. In addition, the high-energy postsintering approach resulted in a decrease in porosity levels. By integrating silicon carbide (SiC) to boost the microhardness, as well as the ultimate compressive and tensile strength of the composite material, we can observe significant improvements in these mechanical properties. The experimental findings also demonstrated that an augmentation in the weight fraction of SiC and the strain rate led to enhanced ductility and a shift toward a more transcrystalline fracture behavior inside the composite material.