Workforce Initiatives to Advance Health Equity and Diverse Representation.

The persistence of health inequity and the need for workforce diverse representation within child and adolescent psychiatry require systemic solutions. There are recommendations and strategies particularly for the training programs with "all of the above" approach to tackle these complex systemic issues. One of the ways is to think through existing and innovative training pipelines by making them less leaky, enhancing quality, expanding the type and size, and connecting them to reach children and adolescents in need.

A scoping review of social media in child, adolescents and young adults: research findings in depression, anxiety and other clinical challenges.

BACKGROUND: Social media and other technologies are reshaping communication and health. AIMS: This review addresses the relationship between social media use, behavioural health conditions and psychological well-being for youth aged <25 years. METHOD: A scoping review of 11 literature databases from 2000 to 2020 explored research studies in youth in five areas: clinical depression and anxiety, quantitative use, social media mode, engagement and qualitative dimensions and health and well-being. RESULTS: Out of 2820 potential literature references, 140 met the inclusion criteria. The foci were clinical depression and anxiety disorders (n = 78), clinical challenges (e.g. suicidal ideation, cyberbullying) (n = 34) and psychological well-being (n = 28). Most studies focused on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. Few studies are longitudinal in design (n = 26), had comparison groups (n = 27), were randomised controlled trials (n = 3) or used structured assessments (n = 4). Few focused on different youth and sociodemographic populations, particularly for low-income, equity-seeking and deserving populations. Studies examined association (n = 120; 85.7%), mediating (n = 16; 11.4%) and causal (n = 4; 2.9%) relationships. Prospective, longitudinal studies of depression and anxiety appear to indicate that shorter use (≤3 h/day) and purposeful engagement is associated with better mood and psychological well-being. Depression may predict social media use and reduce perception of support. Findings provide families, teachers and providers ways to engage youth. CONCLUSIONS: Research opportunities include clinical outcomes from functional perspective on a health continuum, diverse youth and sociodemographic populations, methodology, intervention and privacy issues. More longitudinal studies, comparison designs and effectiveness approaches are also needed. Health systems face clinical, training and professional development challenges.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Fellowship Program Participation in the National Resident Matching Program Match: Trends and Implications for Recruitment.

OBJECTIVE: Recruitment is one of the most important missions for the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) Caucus of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the American Association of Directors of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. A review of the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Match data is needed to inform current and future practices. METHODS: The NRMP, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, and Association of American Medical College databases were queried from 1996 to 2021. RESULTS: The NRMP data show that the number of programs participating in the Match has increased from 87 in 1996 to 106 in 2021 and that the percentage of programs that fill their positions in the Match is increasing and has increased from 41% in 1996 to 67% in 2021. However, each year, a percentage of programs do not fill their positions offered in the Match. The numbers indicate a surplus of positions for the number of applicants that appears to be increasing, and there are currently 49 more positions than applicants. CONCLUSIONS: Trends in the CAP Match are encouraging, and importantly, more programs and applicants are using the Match. One concerning trend is the surplus of positions while there is a great need for child psychiatrists. More research is needed on the incentives for programs and applicants to participate in the Match and how to increase interest in child and adolescent psychiatry.

Child and adolescent asynchronous technology competencies for clinical care and training: Scoping review.

Objective: Asynchronous technologies such as mobile health, e-mail, e-consult, and social media are being added to in-person and synchronous service delivery. To ensure quality care, clinicians need skills, knowledge, and attitudes related to technology that can be measured. This study sought out competencies for asynchronous technologies and/or an approach to define them. Methods: This 6-stage scoping review of Pubmed/Medline, APA PsycNET, PsycINFO and other databases was based on a broad research question, "What skills are needed for clinicians and trainees to provide quality care using asynchronous technologies for children and adolescents, and how can they be made measurable to implement, teach and evaluate?" The search focused on key words in 4 concept areas: (a) competencies; (b) asynchronous technology; (c) synchronous telepsychiatry, telebehavioral or telemental health; and (d) clinical. The screeners reviewed the full-text articles based on inclusion (mesh of the key words) and exclusion criteria. Results: From a total of 5,877 potential references, 2 authors found 509 eligible for full text review and found 110 articles directly relevant to the concepts. Clinical studies discuss clinical, technical and administrative workflow rather than competencies, though behavioral health professions' position statements advise on adapting care and training. Existing technology competencies for video, social media, mobile health, and other asynchronous technologies were used to build a framework. Training, faculty development, and organizational suggestions are suggested. Conclusions: Research is needed on how to implement and evaluate asynchronous competencies to ensure quality clinical care and training, which is a paradigm shift for participants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).