[Disease burden of colorectal cancer attributable to dietary risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in China].

Objective: To analyze the trend of mortality rate and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) of colorectal cancer attributable to dietary risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in China. Methods: Mortality rate and DALY rate of colorectal cancer attributable to dietary risk factors (diet high in processed meat, diet high in red meat, diet low in calcium, diet in low in fiber, diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains, dietary risks) were collected from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 (GBD2019). Joinpoint regression model was selected to analyze the trend and an age-period-cohort model was used to estimate the effects of age, period and birth cohort. Results: Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALY rate of colorectal cancer attributable to diet high in processed meat, diet high in red meat, diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains and dietary risks showed an upward trend (P<0.05) from 1990 to 2019, while those attributable to diet low in calcium and diet low in fiber showed a downward trend (P<0.05). The mortality rate and DALY rate of colorectal cancer attributable to diet high in processed meat, diet high in red meat, diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains and dietary risks in age groups from 65 to 79 years showed a quicker upward trend than those in age groups from 25 to 64 years. The mortality rate and DALY rate attributable to diet low in calcium and diet low in fiber in age groups from 65 to 79 years showed a slower downward trend than those in age groups from 25 to 64 years. The mortality rate and DALY rate of colorectal cancer attributable to diet high in processed meat, diet high in red meat, diet low in calcium, diet low in fiber, diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains, and dietary risks increased with age after adjusting for period effect and cohort effect (P<0.05). The mortality rate and DALY rate attributable to diet high in processed meat, diet high in red meat, diet low in calcium, diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains and dietary risks increased with period or cohort, while those attributable to diet low in fiber decreased with period or cohort. Period and cohort effect of dietary risk factors in this study were statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: Disease burden of colorectal cancer attributable to dietary risk factors in China showed an upward trend in general. Elderly population is high at risk and more attention should be paid to science popularization and education on dietary risk factors in prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Inter-laboratory assessment of a harmonized zebrafish developmental toxicology assay - progress report on phase I.

This report provides a progress update of a consortium effort to develop a harmonized zebrafish developmental toxicity assay. Twenty non-proprietary compounds (10 animal teratogens and 10 animal non-teratogens) were evaluated blinded in 4 laboratories. Zebrafish embryos from pond-derived and cultivated strain wild types were exposed to the test compounds for 5 days and subsequently evaluated for lethality and morphological changes. Each of the testing laboratories achieved similar overall concordance to the animal data (60-70%). Subsequent optimization procedures to improve the overall concordance focused on compound formulation and test concentration adjustments, chorion permeation and number of replicates. These optimized procedures were integrated into a revised protocol and all compounds were retested in one lab using embryos from pond-derived zebrafish and achieved 85% total concordance. To further assess assay performance, a study of additional compounds is currently in progress at two laboratories using embryos from pond-derived and cultivated-strain wild type zebrafish.

Laboratory and field assessment of molluscicidal activity of B-2 against Oncomelania hupensis, the vector snail of schistosomiasis in China.

Molluscicidal activity of B-2 (sodium 2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenol; called as Phebrol and registered in WHO as OMS 3012) was evaluated in a laboratory and the field trials were performed in two different localities in Yueyang city, China, for control of Oncomelania hupensis. B-2 was effective against O. hupensis both in the laboratory and in the field. A dosage of 50 g/m2 in 10% granular form or 20 ml/m2 in 25% liquid form of B-2 would be recommendable as a standard mollusciciding dose for control of O. hupensis.